Phycology chapter 5 test study guide

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases.

Alcohol is considered a

Depressant

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

Ecstasy

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of

addiction

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

barbiturates

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine.

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

cessation of breathing during sleep

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm.

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm.

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of

cocaine

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called

delta waves.

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

depressants

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

genital arousal

LSD is most likely to produce

hallucinations

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

insomnia

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.

latent

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream.

latent content

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

manifest

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; hallucinogen

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

melatonin

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

nicotine

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors.

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Morphine and heroin are

opiates

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of

physical dependence.

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

psychoactive drugs.

Drug tolerance refers to the

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles.

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

tolerance

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections.

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming.

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called

withdrawal

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep.

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep.

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?

The brain stops producing endorphins.

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.

Adolescents are most likely to start smoking in order to

gain social acceptance.