Physcology 151 - Ch. 11-12

William is prevented from seeing his daughter on her birthday. When confronted on the street by an unfriendly stranger, he over-reacts and becomes violent. What might explain his behavior?

Frustration aggression principle

Sheila notices her girlfriends have various beliefs and behaviors when it comes to relationships. Yet, she perceives all men are cheaters. What term best illustrates this

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Harvey is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger. He is said to be exhibiting a ________ personality.

Type A

An attribution is

a mental process people use to explain their behavior and the behavior of others.

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates

a situational attribution.

Marcus continues to water his lawn during a serious draught. He figures that watering his little lawn will make no difference. By pursuing his own self-interest Marcus' behavior illustrates

a social trap.

Andrew is currently in the Army and intentionally killed a dangerous enemy combatant. His action most clearly illustrates

aggression.

Cameron, a 50-year-old electrician, opens his pay envelope and, to his surprise, finds a pink slip inside indicating that he has been fired from his job. Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome is Cameron most likely experiencing?

alarm reaction

The three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are:

alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.

Her neighbor could not afford to repair the roof on her house, so Tijuana secretly hired and paid for a contractor to repair the roof. The neighbor never knew who was responsible. Tijuana's actions are an example of

altruism.

Corbett refuses to eat healthy foods and exercise because he believes good health is just a matter of luck. Corbett's attitude best illustrates

an external locus of control.

Quincy must decide between two equally good choices for his weekend activity. He can either go fishing with his dad or go to an amusement park with his friends. This is an example of a(n) ________ conflict.

approach-approach

Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This ________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor.

attitude

People with more symmetrical faces are perceived as more

attractive.

Maria has survived her first hurricane. While she is thankful to be alive, her property was severely damaged, and she had no running water or electricity for weeks after the storm. Maria experienced a

catastrophe.

Jenna initially did not like her best friend's new boyfriend, Luke. But because she didn't want to lose the friendship, she was nice to him. After a time, Jenna's began to actually like Luke. By altering her behavior, Jenna changed her negative attitude toward her best friend's boyfriend. This is an example of

cognitive dissonance.

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"

complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock.

Individuals who are normally law-abiding may vandalize and loot when they become part of a mob. This change in behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation.

Jessica and John tell their 8-year-old daughter not to play with any of the Garcia children because they are not "real" Americans. They also tell her that the Garcias are probably drug dealers and so she should not sit next to their children on the bus or in school. Jessica and John's behavior illustrates

discrimination

Hakim has terminal cancer. He reacts to the stress of his condition by feeling grateful for his life and accepting his oncoming death. His response best illustrates

emotion-focused coping.

Internet communication that enables like-minded health care advocates to share their ideas also serves to strengthen their prevailing health care attitudes. This best illustrates

group polarization.

Scott tells his employees that he expects loyalty to him and does not want to hear any objections to decisions he makes. Scott's comments to his employees are likely to cause

groupthink.

Psychoneuroimmunology is most broadly concerned with how the psychological, neural, and endocrine systems together affect the:

immune system.

If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate

implicit prejudice.

Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to

informational social influence.

Six-year-old Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate

ingroup bias.

Vera gets poor grades no matter how hard she studies, so she has simply given up studying. Veena's behavior most clearly reflects

learned helplessness.

The term hassles refers to________.

minor annoyances of everyday life

In many schools, ethnic groups segregate themselves in the lunchrooms. People in each group often think they would welcome more contact with the other group, but they assume that the other group does not reciprocate the wish. This pattern of thinking best illustrates

mirror-image perceptions.

Abigail has recently installed a mobile dating app on her phone in hopes of finding a romantic partner. This is an example of

modern matchmaking.

Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to

normative social influence.

If we expect that our efforts will lead to good things, we are demonstrating

optimism

As passionate love matures into a calm and steady companionate love, the bonding of two partners is most likely to be facilitated by

oxytocin

Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates

peripheral route persuasion.

Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of

pessimism.

The two-factor theory of emotion specifically suggests that passionate love can be facilitated by

physical arousal.

Mary just received a traffic ticket but decided it is not worth being upset about. Mary just made a ________.

primary appraisal

When the mayor ordered a salary increase for the city's police officers, there was a sudden loss of morale among the city's firefighters. The firefighters' sudden dissatisfaction best illustrates

relative deprivation.

Michelle and Janice are high school friends. Michelle helps Janice with her studies, and Janice, who is a popular cheerleader, brings Michelle with her to various social gatherings. This mutually beneficial relationship can best be explained by

reward theory.

College professors are typically expected to teach courses, engage in scholarly activity, and serve on a variety of college committees. These professional duties are best described as requirements associated with a specific

role

Juanita is a new second-grade teacher who believes that when correcting the behavior of a child you should explain why the behavior is wrong and how to change the behavior. Her teaching mentor believes that focusing on discipline and correcting each mistake harshly will help avoid behavior problems in the future. Juanita is now using the same harsh discipline. Based on research on attitude change, Juanita's change in attitude about her job illustrates the impact of

role playing on attitudes.

Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of

scapegoat theory.

Roland and Marcus have been best friends for years. According to the text, which of the following is the most significant factor in the durability of their friendship?

similarity

At her health club, Bonnie, who is a skilled runner, runs much faster on the treadmill when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates

social facilitation.

Blindfolded people were observed to clap louder when they thought they were clapping alone than when they thought they were clapping with others. This best illustrates

social loafing.

Bruce has always considered himself a "nonconformist," but on his first date with Amanda, he opens the car door for her and insists on paying for dinner. Bruce's behavior illustrates

social norms.

Inga, a university sophomore, is experiencing stress and feels mildly depressed. She would be best advised to

start a program of regular aerobic exercise.

Charlie believes that most young women from California are extremely good-looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of

stereotypes.

Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of:

stress appraisal.

Our tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced is called

the adaptation-level phenomenon.

First agreeing to a small request tends to make it more likely that you will later agree to a larger request. This is known as

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Isabella is angry because her boyfriend is late meeting her at the movie theater. She thinks that it is because he is unreliable and inconsiderate, when in fact he is late because a meeting at work ran late. Isabella has committed

the fundamental attribution error.

A readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the cruel treatment they receive because they are bad people best illustrates

the just-world phenomenon.

An observer is likely to express greater liking for a same-sex stranger if that person's image has some distinctive features of the observer's own face. This best illustrates the impact of

the mere exposure effect.

Morris, who is White, was a witness to a crime committed by one White and one Black suspect. When asked by the police to pick them out of a lineup, Morris was unable to pick out the Black suspect. This illustrates

the other-race effect.

Jane coped with the stress of breast cancer by giving and receiving support from other women who were also struggling with this disease. Her reaction best illustrates

the tend-and-befriend response.