Physical & Chemical Properties and Changes

1.6 g/mL

What is the density of a liquid with a mass of 200g and a volume of 125mL?

supersaturated solution

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. A solution that contains more solute than under "normal" conditions.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that that is able to dissolve (hold) more solute. The solution is not "full" yet.

Liquid

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume

Compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

semiconductor

A substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Chemical Properties of Matter Examples

Ability to Burn; Ability to Rust

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Property

Characteristic used to describe something

Exothermic change

a change in which energy is released

Endothermic Change

a change in which energy is taken in

Chemical Property

a characteristic that can be observed when substances react (combine) with another substance; as a result it becomes a new substance

physical property example

a diamond's hardness

Color

a physical property but a change in this indicates a chemical change

Density

a physical property that describes the relationship between the mass of a material and its volume; D=m/v

saturated solution

a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions

Plasma

a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons

reactivity

an example of chemical property describing the ability of a substance to combine chemically

density= mass/volume

calculation of density from known mass and volume

Ability to react with acid

chemical property; describes how a substance reacts when exposed to an acid

Ability to Rust

chemical property; involves a substance (iron) reacting slowly with oxygen

Ability to Burn

chemical property; involves a substance reacting with oxygen quickly to produce light and heat

signs of chemical change

color change, odor change, gas production, heat production, formation of a precipitate

physical change examples

cutting string, crumpling paper, melting ice, evaporating water

Ductile

physical property; ability to be drawn out into a wire

Malleable

physical property; ability to be flattened or spread out

Conductivity

physical property; ability to conduct heat or electricity

Solubility

physical property; describes how easily a substance dissolves when mixed with another substance

Magnetism

physical property; describes the attraction of a substance to a magnetic field.

Buoyancy

physical property; describes the tendency of a substance to float in water or another fluid.

Texture

physical property; how the surface of a substance feels

chemical change examples

rusting, burning something, spoiled food or baking/cooking

Physical Property

something that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance

Kinetic Theory of Matter

states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion

Boiling Point

temperature and pressure at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

Melting Point

temperature and pressure at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

Energy

the ability to do work or cause a change

kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

Composition

the makeup of something

dissolve

to form a solution by mixing the solute evenly into the solvent

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

element

types of matter represented by the periodic table; pure substance

Sublimation

A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid

Physical Change

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

physical change

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Chemical Change

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

chemical change

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

chemical formula

A combination of chemical symbols and subscripts to represent a substance

mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and that keep their own properties

Solid

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

solution

A homogeneous mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing

Flammability

A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

Concentration

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

homogeneous mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals

heterogeneous mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

Subscript

A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound

Coefficient

A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction.

State of Matter

A physical property that describes matter as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma

Phase

A physical property that describes matter as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

Combustion

A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire

pure substance

A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

precipitate

A solid that forms from a solution and falls to the bottom during a chemical reaction.

Miscible

Describes two liquids that are soluble in each other: orange juice and tonic water

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Physical Properties of Matter Examples

Melting Point; Boiling Point; Density; Color, Conductivity, Ductile, Malleable

Evaporation

The change in state from a liquid to a gas

Deposition

The change in state of a substance from a gas to a solid

Condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid

vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas

Freezing

The change of state from a liquid to a solid

Reactivity

The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Thermal Energy

The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance

Luster

The way a mineral reflects light from its surface

Odor

how a substance affects the olfactory (smell) receptors; a change in this indicates a chemical change

immiscible

liquids that are not soluble in each other (do not mix): oil and water