Physical & Chemical Properties and Changes
1.6 g/mL
What is the density of a liquid with a mass of 200g and a volume of 125mL?
supersaturated solution
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. A solution that contains more solute than under "normal" conditions.
Unsaturated Solution
A solution that that is able to dissolve (hold) more solute. The solution is not "full" yet.
Liquid
A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Compound
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
semiconductor
A substance that can conduct electricity under some conditions
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Chemical Properties of Matter Examples
Ability to Burn; Ability to Rust
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Property
Characteristic used to describe something
Exothermic change
a change in which energy is released
Endothermic Change
a change in which energy is taken in
Chemical Property
a characteristic that can be observed when substances react (combine) with another substance; as a result it becomes a new substance
physical property example
a diamond's hardness
Color
a physical property but a change in this indicates a chemical change
Density
a physical property that describes the relationship between the mass of a material and its volume; D=m/v
saturated solution
a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions
Plasma
a state of matter that consists of free-moving ions and electrons
reactivity
an example of chemical property describing the ability of a substance to combine chemically
density= mass/volume
calculation of density from known mass and volume
Ability to react with acid
chemical property; describes how a substance reacts when exposed to an acid
Ability to Rust
chemical property; involves a substance (iron) reacting slowly with oxygen
Ability to Burn
chemical property; involves a substance reacting with oxygen quickly to produce light and heat
signs of chemical change
color change, odor change, gas production, heat production, formation of a precipitate
physical change examples
cutting string, crumpling paper, melting ice, evaporating water
Ductile
physical property; ability to be drawn out into a wire
Malleable
physical property; ability to be flattened or spread out
Conductivity
physical property; ability to conduct heat or electricity
Solubility
physical property; describes how easily a substance dissolves when mixed with another substance
Magnetism
physical property; describes the attraction of a substance to a magnetic field.
Buoyancy
physical property; describes the tendency of a substance to float in water or another fluid.
Texture
physical property; how the surface of a substance feels
chemical change examples
rusting, burning something, spoiled food or baking/cooking
Physical Property
something that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance
Kinetic Theory of Matter
states that all of the particles that make up matter are constantly in motion
Boiling Point
temperature and pressure at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
Melting Point
temperature and pressure at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Energy
the ability to do work or cause a change
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
Composition
the makeup of something
dissolve
to form a solution by mixing the solute evenly into the solvent
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
element
types of matter represented by the periodic table; pure substance
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
Chemical Change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances
chemical formula
A combination of chemical symbols and subscripts to represent a substance
mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and that keep their own properties
Solid
A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
solution
A homogeneous mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Viscosity
A liquid's resistance to flowing
Flammability
A material's ability to burn in the presence of oxygen
Concentration
A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
homogeneous mixture
A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Alloy
A mixture of two or more metals
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Subscript
A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound
Coefficient
A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction.
State of Matter
A physical property that describes matter as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma
Phase
A physical property that describes matter as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
Combustion
A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire
pure substance
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
precipitate
A solid that forms from a solution and falls to the bottom during a chemical reaction.
Miscible
Describes two liquids that are soluble in each other: orange juice and tonic water
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change
Physical Properties of Matter Examples
Melting Point; Boiling Point; Density; Color, Conductivity, Ductile, Malleable
Evaporation
The change in state from a liquid to a gas
Deposition
The change in state of a substance from a gas to a solid
Condensation
The change of state from a gas to a liquid
vaporization
The change of state from a liquid to a gas
Freezing
The change of state from a liquid to a solid
Reactivity
The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.
Chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
Thermal Energy
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Odor
how a substance affects the olfactory (smell) receptors; a change in this indicates a chemical change
immiscible
liquids that are not soluble in each other (do not mix): oil and water