Physical Geography Ch. 8 parts 1 and 2

a continental rift, such as that located at the red sea, is an example of _______

a continental divergent boundary

the asthenosphere can best be described as ______

a plastic

layers of rock can bend and form an unbroken, wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers at the trough form _____

a syncline

a mid-ocean ridge, such as that located near iceland in the atlantic, is an example of:

an oceanic divergent boundary

whether a rock bends or breaks during plate tectonic activity depends on __________

composition of the rock and the pressure applied

the continents are located where they are on earth as a result of ___________ floating on top of the asthenosphere

continental and oceanic crusts

a continental rift, such as that located at the red sea, is an example of a ______

continental divergent boundary

when oceanic crust and continental crust _______, the oceanic crust _________ the continental crust because the oceanic crust is more dense

converge, subducts under

the alps in south-central europe are a great example of ______

convergence of two continental plates

what process results in orogenesis?

convergence of two continental plates

japan is a great example of a land built from the:

convergence of two oceanic plates

over millions of years, a vertical section of the continent crust cools. As a result, the elevation (above sea level) of this section _______

decreases over time

the great basin of the western U.S. collects all of the ______

eroded sediments within its boundaries

when rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as:

faulting

what are the cycles of the geologic cycle?

hydrolic cycle, rock cycle, tectonic cycle

the majority of earth's crust is composed of ______ rock

igneous

the only rock type that is created from magma is ______

igneous

tectonic activity can result in the formation of both ______ and ______ rocks

igneous, metamorphic

from inside to outside, the layers of the earth's interior are _____

inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust

the ______ is a rigid layer and it floats on the upper mantle

lithosphere

a rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as

metamorphic

an element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a _____

mineral

all rocks are an assemblage of _____

minerals

oceanic crust is _____ dense tan continental crust

more

edges of major plates across the earth can be seen on topographic maps by looking for ____

mountain chains and oceanic trenches

an oceanic plate is being subjected under a continental plate. near the edge of the continental plate, you would expect to see:

mountains and volcanoes

tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a _________

normal fault

the west coast of north america contains numerous terranes that attached themselves to the _______

north american plate

new crust is formed at an _________

oceanic ridge

where is new ocean crust being formed?

oceanic rift zones

a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust

orogenesis

what layer of earth is liquid and responsible for producing earth's magnetic field?

outer core

_________ occur on earth, in part, because rigid crusts are buoyant on top of the plastic-like asthenosphere

plate tectonics

what type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

sedimentary

what cause goes with a strike-slip fault?

shear

displaced and migrating pieces of earth's crust

terranes

the volcanic islands of new zealand are the result of

the collision of two oceanic plates

what is true regarding the relationship between the character and age of the ocean floor?

the youngest oceanic crust is near oceanic ridges

the crust is ______ under mountains and _____ under the oceans

thickest, thinnest

a basin may form if:

two continental plates rift or diverge

the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time

uniformitarianism

tectonic forces _____

warp, fold, and uplift rock

sedimentary rocks develop over a long period of time after ________ occur

weathering and deposition

isostatic rebound can result from ____

weathering and erosion of rock on top of a mountain