Physical Geography Ch. 8 parts 1 and 2
a continental rift, such as that located at the red sea, is an example of _______
a continental divergent boundary
the asthenosphere can best be described as ______
a plastic
layers of rock can bend and form an unbroken, wavelike pattern of troughs and crests. The layers at the trough form _____
a syncline
a mid-ocean ridge, such as that located near iceland in the atlantic, is an example of:
an oceanic divergent boundary
whether a rock bends or breaks during plate tectonic activity depends on __________
composition of the rock and the pressure applied
the continents are located where they are on earth as a result of ___________ floating on top of the asthenosphere
continental and oceanic crusts
a continental rift, such as that located at the red sea, is an example of a ______
continental divergent boundary
when oceanic crust and continental crust _______, the oceanic crust _________ the continental crust because the oceanic crust is more dense
converge, subducts under
the alps in south-central europe are a great example of ______
convergence of two continental plates
what process results in orogenesis?
convergence of two continental plates
japan is a great example of a land built from the:
convergence of two oceanic plates
over millions of years, a vertical section of the continent crust cools. As a result, the elevation (above sea level) of this section _______
decreases over time
the great basin of the western U.S. collects all of the ______
eroded sediments within its boundaries
when rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as:
faulting
what are the cycles of the geologic cycle?
hydrolic cycle, rock cycle, tectonic cycle
the majority of earth's crust is composed of ______ rock
igneous
the only rock type that is created from magma is ______
igneous
tectonic activity can result in the formation of both ______ and ______ rocks
igneous, metamorphic
from inside to outside, the layers of the earth's interior are _____
inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, crust
the ______ is a rigid layer and it floats on the upper mantle
lithosphere
a rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as
metamorphic
an element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a _____
mineral
all rocks are an assemblage of _____
minerals
oceanic crust is _____ dense tan continental crust
more
edges of major plates across the earth can be seen on topographic maps by looking for ____
mountain chains and oceanic trenches
an oceanic plate is being subjected under a continental plate. near the edge of the continental plate, you would expect to see:
mountains and volcanoes
tensional stress along a fault can result in a dropped hanging-wall block relative to the footwall side, producing a _________
normal fault
the west coast of north america contains numerous terranes that attached themselves to the _______
north american plate
new crust is formed at an _________
oceanic ridge
where is new ocean crust being formed?
oceanic rift zones
a general term for a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust
orogenesis
what layer of earth is liquid and responsible for producing earth's magnetic field?
outer core
_________ occur on earth, in part, because rigid crusts are buoyant on top of the plastic-like asthenosphere
plate tectonics
what type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?
sedimentary
what cause goes with a strike-slip fault?
shear
displaced and migrating pieces of earth's crust
terranes
the volcanic islands of new zealand are the result of
the collision of two oceanic plates
what is true regarding the relationship between the character and age of the ocean floor?
the youngest oceanic crust is near oceanic ridges
the crust is ______ under mountains and _____ under the oceans
thickest, thinnest
a basin may form if:
two continental plates rift or diverge
the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time
uniformitarianism
tectonic forces _____
warp, fold, and uplift rock
sedimentary rocks develop over a long period of time after ________ occur
weathering and deposition
isostatic rebound can result from ____
weathering and erosion of rock on top of a mountain
