Physical Science Chapter 8

For an opening of a given size, is diffraction more pronounced for a longer wavelength or a shorter wavelength?

Diffraction is more pronounced for longer waves.

If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period

halves.

At a concert, a wind blows directly from the orchestra toward you. Consequently, the wavelength of the sound you hear will be

increased.

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum most absorbed by water is

infrared.

Diffuse reflection occurs when the size of surface irregularities is

large compared to the wavelength of the light used.

The incident light ray, the reflected light ray, and the normal between them

lie in the same plane.

Compressions and rarefactions are characteristic of

longitudinal waves.

Glass is opaque to light with wave frequencies that

match its natural frequencies.

What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency of 1 Hz?

more than 1 m

We are best at hearing ultrasonic sound. infrasonic sound. both A and B neither A nor B

neither A nor B

Enrico Caruso, a famous opera singer, is said to have made a crystal chandelier shatter with his voice. This is a demonstration of

resonance.

Diffraction is more pronounced through relatively

small openings.

The distance between successive crests, troughs, or identical parts of a wave is the

wavelength.

If the frequency of a certain wave is 10 Hz, its period is

0.1 s. OR 1/10 s

A pendulum swings to and fro every 3.6 s . Find its frequency of swing.

0.28 Hz

A mass on the end of a spring bobs up and down 1 complete cycle every 2 s. Its frequency is

0.5 Hz. OR 1/2 Hz

If the frequency of a particular wave is 20 Hz, its period is

1/20 second.

The frequency of the second hand on a clock is

1/60 Hz.

A certain radar installation that is used to track airplanes transmits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 3.0 cm. Find the frequency of this radiation.

10.0 GHz

A wave having a frequency of 1000 Hz vibrates at

1000 cycles per second.

A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second as a water wave passes by. What is the wave's frequency?

2 Hz

As a train of water waves goes by, a piece of cork floating on the water bobs up and down one complete cycle each second. The waves are 2 m long. What is the speed of the wave?

2 m/s.

A weight on the end of a spring bobs up and down one complete cycle every 2 s. Its period is

2 s

A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 m in 1 s, its wavelength is

3 ms.

A wave travels an average distance of 6 m in 1 s. What is the wave's velocity?

6 m/s

What is the result of destructive interference?

A wave of decreased amplitude.

What is the result of constructive interference?

A wave of increased amplitude.

Why are the photons of violet light more successful at dislodging electrons?

Because the higher frequency of violet has more energy per photon.

Is light a wave or particle?

Both a wave and a particle.

What causes the bending of light in refraction?

Change in wave speed.

What evidence can you cite for the wave nature of light?

Interference

Distinguish between the white part of a page and the black ink, in terms of what happens to the white light that falls on both.

Light falling on the white part of a page is reflected. Light falling on the black ink is absorbed.

Which are more successful in dislodging electrons from a metal surface − photons of violet light or photons of red light?

Photons of violet light are more successful at dislodging electrons.

What is the principal difference between a radio wave and light?

Radio waves have significantly lower frequencies than light waves.

Can sound travel through a vacuum? Why or why not?

Sound cannot travel in a vacuum because sound is the propagation of mechanical vibrations through a material medium. If there is no medium to vibrate, then no sound is possible.

What is the law of reflection?

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

How does the average speed of light in glass compare with its speed in a vacuum?

The average speed of light in glass is less than in a vacuum.

What evidence can you cite for the particle nature of light?

The photoelectric effect

Sound waves can interfere with one another so that no sound results.

True.

What is the approximate range for human hearing?

Twenty to twenty-thousand Hertz

In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a longitudinal wave?

Vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel.

In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a transverse wave?

Vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

What is the principal difference between light and X-rays?

X-ray waves have significantly higher frequencies than light waves.

Does the law of reflection hold for diffuse reflection?

Yes, the reflection of each single ray obeys the law of reflection, but the many different surface angles that the light rays encounter in striking a rough surface produce reflection in many directions.

The siren of a fire engine is heard in three situations: when the fire engine is traveling (a) toward the listener at 60 km/h , (b) toward the listener at 40 km/h , and (c) away from the listener at 30 km/h .

a c b

If an electric charge is shaken up and down,

a magnetic field is created.

When the frequency of light matches the natural frequency of molecules in a material, light is

absorbed.

The Doppler effect is characteristic of sound waves. light waves. water waves. all of the above

all of the above

The vibrations along a longitudinal wave move in a direction

along and parallel to the wave.

The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction

along the direction of wave travel.

Some of a wave's energy dissipates as heat. In time, this will reduce the wave's

amplitude.

The maximum displacement from the midpoint of a wave to the crest (or trough) is the

amplitude.

For light, a red shift indicates the light source moves

away from you.

What color light is transmitted by a piece of blue glass?

blue

A sheet of red paper will look black when illuminated with

cyan light.

In one word, what is it that moves from source to receiver in wave motion?

energy.

High-pitched sound has a high

frequency.

The number of vibrations per unit time is the

frequency.

Unlike a transverse wave, a longitudinal wave has no

frequency. speed. amplitude. wavelength.

If at a concert, a wind blows directly from the orchestra toward you, the frequency of the sound you hear will be

neither decreased nor increased.

During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is

one wavelength.

The time for a complete cycle to occur is the

period.

A sound source of high frequency emits a high

pitch.

Complementary colors are two colors that

produce white light when added together.

Magenta light is really a mixture of

red and blue light.

When you tune a radio to a certain station, you match the frequency of the internal electrical circuit to the frequency of that radio station. In so doing, you are employing the principle of

resonance.

Interference is a property of

sound, light, and water waves.

Which of the following is not a transverse wave?

sound.

A bass fiddle is louder than a harp because of its

sounding board.

Sound travels faster in

steel.

Find the time required for a pulse of radar waves to reach an airplane 4.8 km away and return.

t = 3.2×10^−5 s OR 0.000032 s

Consider light energy that is momentarily absorbed in glass and then reemitted. Relative to the absorbed light, the frequency of the reemitted light is

the same.

Relative to radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves in a vacuum is

the same.

Light refracts when traveling from air into glass because light

travels slower in glass than in air.

The main difference between a radio wave and a light wave is its wavelength. frequency. speed. all of the above two of these

two of these.

A tuning fork produces a sound with a frequency of 256 Hz and a wavelength in air of 1.33 m. Find the speed of sound in the vicinity of the fork.

v = 340 m/s

A 3.4-m-long wave oscillates 1.8 times each second. Find the speed of the wave.

v = 6.1 m/s

The source of all electromagnetic waves is

vibrating charges.

Electromagnetic waves consist of

vibrating electric and magnetic fields.

When red, green, and blue light are combined, the result is

white light.