physical science final review
A glass that contains a mix of ice and water stays at 0oC as long as there is ice left, even when the temperature of the room is much higher than 0o. Why? Select one: A. a. The energy transferred from the room is increasing the potential energy of the water molecules. B. b. The energy from the room is increasing the kinetic energy of the water molecules. C. c. The room stops transferring energy once water reaches its melting point no matter how hot the room is. D. d. Water is unique because of its hydrogen bonds. Few if any other substances will exhibit this behavior. E. e. At the freezing point, water radiates away as much energy as it absorbs, so it stays at equilibrium.
A
A medium sized star is rotating about its axis (similar to how the earth rotates about its axis once each day). At the end of its life, it collapses into something called a neutron star which has a much smaller radius than the original star. In the process, there are not forces which would, of themselves, speed up or slow down the rotation of the star. Considering conservation of angular momentum, we would expect the rotation speed of the star to Select one: A. a. increase. B. b. decrease. C. c. stay the same. D. d. increase or decrease depending on other conditions.
A
A refrigerator is normally run with its door closed. What would happen if the refrigerator were placed in the middle of a closed room with its door open and turned on? A. The room would heat up because all of the energy absorbed by the refrigerator, both thermal and electrical potential, is released back into the room as thermal energy. B. The room would heat up because the electrical potential energy loses entropy while the room gains entropy. C. The temperature of the room would stay the same because internal energy is conserved. D. The room would cool down because as the entropy of the electrical potential energy increases, the entropy of the room must decrease to compensate. E. The room would cool down because the electrical potential energy from the outlet decreases the ambient thermal energy in the room.
A
A stick of dynamite explodes. How does the momentum of the dynamite before the explosion compare to the total momentum of all of the pieces immediately after the explosion? Select one: A. a. The momentum is the same just before and just after the dynamite explodes. B. b. The momentum is larger after the explosion. C. c. The momentum is larger before the explosion.
A
How do semiconductors change with increasing temperatures? A. When you heat them up, semiconductors act more like metals. B. When you heat them up, semiconductors become better insulators. C. When you heat them up, semiconductors become more transparent.
A
How would the silicate units be connected for the mineral in the picture below? (green rocks) A. A network of connected silicate molecules extending out in all directions B. Sheets of connected silicates sandwiched between layers metal ions C. Strands of connected silicates connected with metal ions. D. You can't tell how the molecules are connected by looking at a picture of the mineral. You'd need an electron microscope image.
A
Part of the upper mantle, called the asthenosphere, is unique because A. (A) most of its material is near the melting point. B. (B) it is a rigid, solid layer broken up into plates. C. (C) it is made mostly of iron with some nickel. D. (D) this zone constitutes the great bulk of the earth. E. (E) this zone does not transmit seismic waves.
A
Sugar is a covalent molecule that is solid at room temperature and disolves easily in water. What does this information tell us about the molecule? A. Sugar molecules are polar B. Sugar molecules are long straight molecules with no kinks C. Sugar molecules are ionic D. Sugar molecules contain double bonds. E. Sugar contains hydrogen and oxygen just like water
A
The Himalayan Mountains are found at the northern edge of the Indian plate. What direction is the plate moving? A. (A) North B. (B) South C. (C) East D. (D) West
A
The cosmological red shift seems to indicate that other galaxies are A. (A) moving away from the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the fastest. B. (B) moving away from the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the slowest. C. (C) moving toward the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the fastest. D. (D) moving toward the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the slowest. E. (E) not moving with respect to the Milky Way galaxy.
A
The experiments on beams of particles derived from gases conducting electrical currents (Thomson's gas discharge tube experiments) provide direct experimental evidences for A. (A) the idea that all atoms are made of charged particles. B. (B) the Nuclear Model of atoms. C. (C) the Uncertainty Principle. D. (D) the Exclusion Principle. E. (E) the idea that electrons in atoms behave as waves.
A
The force(s) causing a protostar to collapse is (are) A. (A) gravitational force B. (B) electrical force C. (C) strong nuclear force D. (D) gravitational and weak force E. (E) gravitational and strong force
A
The image in the problem above could be the molecular structure of which of the minerals pictured below. A spiky white rock B gem stones C. silver diamond spike thing
A
There are four major types of studies used to determine the structure and composition of the earth's interior. Which of the following is NOT one of these? A. (A) Relative dating based on erosion and deposition patterns. B. (B) Comparing the density of the surface rocks to the density of the earth determined from calculations (Cavendish Experiment). C. (C) The study of S and P wave behavior as the travel through the Earth. D. (D) The nature of the earth's magnetic field. E. (E) The composition of meteorites.
A
What is an orbital? A. (A) The specific route the electron follows as it travels around the nucleus. B. (B) A standing wave describing the probability of detecting electrons around an atom. C. (C) An orbit where the electron oscillates up and down an integer number of times as it circles the nucleus. D. (D) A single point in the space around an atom where an electron is located. E. (E) More than one of the above.
B
When Rutherford shot alpha particles at gold foil, what happened to the alpha particles? A. (A) All of them went straight through the foil. B. (B) A few of them were strongly deflected as if they bounced off of the foil. C. (C) Most of them were absorbed by the foil. D. (D) They formed an interference pattern. E. (E) They separated into positive and negative fragments.
B
When water chemically combines with surrounding rock in subduction zones, what happens to the melting temperature of that rock? A. It gets higher B. It gets lower C. It stays the same
B
Which of the following is a method to find the absolute age of geologic events. A. Cross cutting relations B. Radiometric dating C. Examining fossils D. Chemical analysis
B
Which of the following is the most ordered? A. Nuclear potential energy B. Kinetic energy C. Chemical potential energy D. Thermal energy E. Electrical potential energy
B
Which one of the following is classified as an electrical force? Select one: . a. The force holding stars together in a galaxy. B.. The force attracting the electrons to the nucleus in an atom. C.The force holding the sun and planets together in a solar system. D. The force holding protons and neutrons together in a nucleus.
B
Which principle of relative dating allows you to determine the relative age of formations C and D in the cross-section above? A. (A) superposition B. (B) cross cutting C. (C) faunal succession D. (D) inclusion E. (E) radiometric dating
B
Your roommate asks you to taste the milk in the refrigerator to see if it is sour. What source of knowledge is he asking you to rely on? Select one: A. Intuition B. Sensory data C. Existence D.Principal of Noncontradiction E. Reason
B
Which of the following statements are true for objects moving close to the speed of light relative to an observer? check all that apply a) Moving objects are longer than when they are at rest. b) Moving clocks run slow. c) An object's mass is greater when it is moving than when it is at rest. d) Two events that are simultaneous on one reference frame are always simultaneous in another reference frame.
B and C
When you shoot electrons at very close slits, like those formed by the atoms in a crystal, and then detect the electrons later on a screen, what do you see? A. (A) You see the "shadow" of each atom. B. (B) Each electron forms an interference pattern. C. (C) Each electron creates a dot, but the dots all together form an interference pattern. D. (D) You see a wave with a wavelength that depends on the momentum of the electrons. E. (E) What you see will change each time because detecting the electrons position makes everything uncertain.
C
When you try to measure extremely dim light, what do you observe? A. Light is detected as a charge B. Light is detected as a wave. C. Light is detected as a particle.
C
Where is the kinetic energy of the pendulum from the previous problem the largest? Select one: A. At the highest point in the swing. B. Half way down the swing. C. At the lowest point in the swing. D. The pendulum has no kinetic energy. E. The pendulum has constant kinetic energy throughout its motion.
C
Which of the following is a legitimate radioactive decay because both charge and mass number are conserved? A. a. 19879Au = 19880Hg + 0+1 positron + 00 neutrino B. b. 6027 Co = 6026 Fe + 0-1 electron + 00 neutrino C. c. 212/84 Po = 208/82 Pb + 4/2 He D. d. 19880 Hg + 0-1 electron = 19880 Hg + 00 gamma ray E. e. 116 C = 115 B + 1+1 proton + 00 neutrino
C
Which of the following tends to have the highest melting and boiling points? Select one: A. a. Atomic matter B. b. molecular matter C. c. network matter
C
When you compare the ionization energies of K, Ca, and Ar which of the following is the least likely to give away an electron? Select one: A. a. K. B. b. Ca. C. c. Ar D. d. Information about ionization energies cannot be determined from the periodic table.
C. AR
As the can is cooled, what happens to the pressure inside the can? A. (A) It increases because the molecules travel faster and therefore collide more often and harder with the can. B. (B) It decreases because the individual molecules get smaller as they are cooled and will have more contact with the can . C. (C) It remains the same because the number of molecules is the same. D. (D) It decreases because the molecules' force is transferred into kinetic energy. E. (E) It decreases because the molecules move slower and therefore collide with the can less often and with less force.
E
Light forms diffraction and interference patterns. What does this prove about the nature of light? A. (A) Light has colors. B. (B) Light has electrical charge. C. (C) Light carries energy. D. (D) Light has particle properties. E. (E) Light has wave properties.
E
The primary obstacle to controlled fusion reactions as a source of energy is A. (A) the scarcity of fuel (deuterium). B. (B) the danger of long lived radioactive wastes. C. (C) the danger of a runaway reaction. D. (D) overcoming the electromagnetic repulsion of particles with like charges. E. (E) the scarcity of suitable material for control rods.
D
The three dimensional wave function for an electron in a 2p orbital looks like a dumbell like the image to the left. What does this wave function mean? A. a) The electron follows a path that is shaped like a figure dumbell. B. b) The electron itself is shaped like a dumbell. C. c) The electron has a high probability of being detected. D. d) If you try to measure the electron's position you are most likely to find it somewhere in the dumbell.
D
Two sound waves are traveling through the air. What happens at a point where two low pressure regions overlap? Select one: A. a. The two waves will bounce off of each other. B. b. The two waves will bend around each other. C. c. The two waves will create a new wave that spreads out from that point. D. d. The two waves will combine to make a louder sound at that point. E. e. The two waves will cancel out so that there is no sound at that point.
D
Which of the following best describes the Strong interaction Select one: A. The force between action reaction pair. B. A force between objects with mass. C. The force between two accelerating objects. D.The force that holds the nucleus of an atom together. E.The force between two charged particles.
D
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a metal or alloy? A. Electrically Conductive B. Thermally Conductive C. Malleable D. Brittle
D
At which of the points listed below (2, 3, 4) would the net force on the sprinter be backwards? . At none of the points below, the force can't be backwards while he is moving forwards. B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. at all of the points 2-4.
D - 4
12. Which of the following features would you expect to find at a converging plate boundary between two continental plates? A. (A) earthquakes B. (B) a rift valley C. (C) active volcanoes D. (D) fold mountain belts E. (E) more than one of the above
E
A heavy rocket ship and a light rocket ship are both initially moving at 1000 kilometers per hour in outer space. They are very far from any planets so there are no gravitational forces acting on the rockets. They have just turned their engines off so they are now experiencing no forces. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of the situation? The light rocket will stop first because it has a smaller mass. B. The heavy rocket will stop first because it has a larger mass. C. Both will stop at the same time because their speed is the same. D. Both will stop at the same time because acceleration is the same regardless of mass. E. Both will continue traveling at the same speed because there is no friction.
E
A metal can best be described as which of the following? A. A network solid consisting of individual negatively charged atoms B. A network solid consisting of positively-charged and negatively-charged ions C. A molecular solid consisting of charged atoms D. An ionic solid consisting of covalently-bonded atoms E. A network solid consisting of positively charged atoms in a sea of electrons
E
A photon may be described as A. (A) a small particle carrying mass and a unit of positive charge. B. (B) a small particle carrying mass and a unit of negative charge. C. (C) a small particle carrying no mass and one unit of charge. D. (D) a small particle with energy and with a unit of positive charge. E. (E) a small particle with energy and no charge.
E
The Hawaiian islands are a linear island chain found in the middle of the pacific ocean. While all of the islands are volcanic in origin, the only active volcanos are found on the largest island. What is the most likely cause for this island chain? A. (A) a trench B. (B) a rift valley C. (C) an ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary D. (D) an ocean-ocean divergent plate boundary E. (E) a hot spot
E
Which of the equations below is balanced correctly? A. (A) Mg + N2 = MgN3 B. (B) 2P2 + O2 = P2O5 C. (C) N2 + 3H2 = NH3 D. (D) 2Zn + O2 = ZnO E. (E) C + O2 = CO2
E
Which one of the following statements is true? Select one: A. a. The electrical potential energy of two similar charges is increased when they are moved farther apart. B. b. The gravitational potential energy of a falling object is increasing. C. c. Work done by friction is often responsible for converting internal energy into kinetic energy. D. d. The internal energy of a given object is increased by lowering its temperature. E. e. None of the above are true.
E
The most important erosional agent of the hydrologic system is A. (A) wind. B. (B) running water. C. (C) ground water. D. (D) glaciers. E. (E) frost wedging.
B
Uranium-238 alpha decays, emitting a helium-4 nucleus. What is the mass number of the product? Select one: A. a. 230 B. b. 234 C. c. 238 D. d. 242 E. e. 246
B
What do we call a gas which transmits higher energy visible photons but absorbs a large fraction of infrared photons? A. (A) Benioff gas B. (B) Greenhouse gas C. (C) Milankovitch gas D. (D) Ozone E. (E) Doppler gas
B
How many hydrogen atoms are in three cis-platin molecules (3PtCl2N2H6)?
18
Two objects are attracted to each other by gravitational forces. Suppose I double the mass of one of the objects. This changes the gravitational forces between them. I can make this force the same as it was at first, however, by A. increasing the distance between the two objects. B. decreasing the distance between the two objects. C. increasing the mass of the other object. D. doing nothing the force is not changed unless I change the mass of both objects, since the gravitational force depends on both these masses. E. either decreasing the distance between the objects or increasing the mass of the other object.
A
Which ion would Ca most likely form? A. Ca2+ B. Ca2- C. Ca6- D. Ca+
A
Which of the following best describes the energy of the rockets from the questions above? . A The more massive rocket has more energy. B. The less massive rocket has more energy. C. Both rockets have the same amount of energy.
A
Which of the following will transmit shear waves the best? A. (A) a solid B. (B) a gas C. (C) a plasma D. (D) a liquid E. (E) all of the above transmit shear waves equally well
A
What two things are plotted on an H-R diagram? A. Color B. Red shift C. True brightness D. Apparent brightness E. Distance
A and C
Which of the following are the 2 postulates of relativity? (the others are consequences) a) The laws of nature are the same for all observers in uniform motion. b) The length of a moving object is not the same as when it is at rest. c) The speed of light is constant for all observers in uniform motion. d) Two events that happen at the same time in one frame, can happen at different times in another frame. e) E=mc2.
A and C
What happens to the pressure on the block as it is pushed deeper into the water? Select one: A. a. it increases. B. b. it decreases. C. c. it stays the same. D. d. it changes from upward to zero E. e. it changes from upward to downward
A. it increases
In the cross section below, A is an igneous rock formation radiometrically dated at 37 million years, and C is an igneous rock formation radiometrically dated at 24 million years. E is a fault. In the following questions you are asked to use the principles of relative dating to come to conclusions about the rock layers. A. (A) They were deposited at an angle originally. B. (B) The crust moved after they were deposited, tilting and folding them. C. (C) They were eroded at an angle. D. (D) This type of rock tilts and wrinkles as it hardens.
B
Rock C is dated at 25 million years old? How could that date have been determined? A. (A) By measuring the amount of silicates and light oxides in the rock. B. (B) By counting the number of microscopic cracks formed by fission products. C. (C) By looking at the number of layers in the rock surrounding it. D. (D) By measuring the density of the rock. E. (E) By looking at the size of the crystals in the rock.
B
A sealed container full of air is placed on top of a block of dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide). In the following questions you will use your understanding of the behavior of molecules to describe what happens as you cool the air. Which of the following best describes the behavior of the air molecules? A. (A) Compressible particles like little tufts of wool that are nearly at rest and touching one another. B. (B) Particles in random motion that change direction when they strike one another or the walls of a container. C. (C) Objects that fill the otherwise empty space of atoms. D. (D) Compressible particles like little tufts of wool that are in rapid motion in a fine fluid called ether. E. (E) The continuous compressible material that fills up the space in the can.
B
A skier is skiing downhill, with friction. From this information, which of the following must be true? Select one:' A. a. his kinetic energy is decreasing. B. b. his gravitational potential energy is decreasing. C. c. his kinetic energy is increasing. D. d. internal energy is decreasing. E. e. electrical potential energy is increasing.
B
As the temperature of the gas sitting on the dry ice decreases which of the following is decreasing? A. (A) Transparency of the gas. B. (B) Average molecular kinetic energy of the gas molecules. C. (C) Electrical potential energy of the gas molecules, D. (D) Average molecular mass of the gas molecules. E. (E) Average molecular volume of the gas molecules.
B
As you move across a row in the periodic table left to right, the atoms get bigger in size. A. True B. False
B
Evaporation of water from the skin has a cooling effect. This is because: A. (A) the most massive water molecules escape into the surrounding atmosphere. B. (B) water molecules with the greatest speed escape into the surrounding atmosphere. C. (C) water molecules with least kinetic energy escape into the surrounding atmosphere. D. (D) the surrounding atmosphere transfers its entropy into the water. E. (E) the least massive water molecules escape into the surrounding atmosphere.
B
Fifty pounds of lead is placed in a rowboat which is floating in a lake. Which of the following is correct? A. The rowboat settles deeper into the water because lead has greater weight per unit volume than water; fifty pounds of water in the rowboat instead of lead would have a significantly different effect. B. The rowboat settles deeper into the water, and because it settles deeper, the bottom of the rowboat is pushed upward by a greater water pressure to balance the increased weight. C. The buoyant force pulls the boat down, since lead is less buoyant than the wood from which the rowboat is made. D. The bottom of the rowboat sinks down to where the water has significantly greater weight per unit volume, and thus can support the added weight. E. The main effect here is that the wood bottom of the boat on which the lead sits is compressed, acquires greater weight per unit volume, and thus sinks down farther into the water.
B
If a block of wood floats with half its volume submerged, Select one: A. a. the buoyant force is equal to half the weight of the block. B. b. the weight of the block is the same as that of the displaced water. C. c. the volume of the block is the same as that of the displaced water. D. d. the buoyant force is equal to twice the weight of the displaced water. E. e. the buoyant force is equal to twice the weight of the block.
B
If heavy molecules and light molecules are at the same temperature, how does the behavior of the two compare? Select one: A. a. The average speed and average kinetic energy of the molecules is the same. B. b. The average speed of the light molecules is higher, but the average kinetic energy is the same. C. c. The average speed of the heavy molecules is higher, but the average kinetic energy is the same. D. d. The average speed of the two is the same, but the average kinetic energy of the light molecules is higher. E. e. The average speed of the two is the same, but the average kinetic energy of the heavy molecules is higher.
B
If samples of gases like hydrogen, neon or nitrogen are excited by sparking with electricity and if the light emitted by the gaseous sample is viewed through a diffraction grating (a piece of glass or plastic onto which many fine parallel lines are ruled), a few lines of colored light are seen. The light observed in such a spectrum is emitted when an electron in an atom A. (A) "jumps" from one energy level up to another higher energy level. B. (B) "jumps" from one energy level down to another lower energy level. C. (C) is completely removed from the atom. D. (D) is converted to the pure energy of a photon. E. (E) is absorbed by the nucleus.
B
If the activity of a radioactive substance drops to 1/16 its initial value in 12 hours, its half life is A. (A) 2 hours. B. (B) 3 hours. C. (C) 6 hours. D. (D) 16 hours. E. (E) none of these.
B
In a photoelectric effect experiment, first visible light is shown on a negatively charged electroscope. Next light from a special ultraviolet light source is shown on the charged electroscope. Both light sources can be made brighter or dimmer. What is observed? A. (A) The light from the flashlight discharges the electroscope, while the light from the UV source does nothing. B. (B) The light from the UV source discharges the electroscope, while the light from the flashlight does nothing. C. (C) Both light sources discharge the electroscope, they just discharge it faster the brighter the light is. D. (D) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the brighter light charging it faster. E. (E) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the UV light charging it faster.
B
The picture below shows a sprinter at 5 positions. He is initially sitting still on a flat track. He starts running when the starting gun goes off. He travels at constant speed for a few seconds, and then he crosses the finish line and comes to a stop again. The following questions will ask you to describe forces and energies at various points along his path. When would the net force on the sprinter be forward? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. Points 2, 3, and 4...the net force is forward as long as the he is moving forward.
B. 2
The modern definition of an element is a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of A. Nucleons B. Neutrons C. Muons D. Protons
D
Two objects with different masses are dropped in a vacuum at the same time. Which of the following statements is true? A. The heavier object will hit the ground first. The lighter object will hit the ground first. Both objects will hit the ground at the same time. Neither will fall because there is no gravity in a vaccuum. It is impossible to tell which object will hit the ground first.
Both objects will hit the ground at the same time
A bullet is fired horizontally from a high-powered rifle. At the same time, a second bullet is simply dropped from the same height as the bullet which was fired from the rifle. Neglecting air resistance, which statement is true about the acceleration of the first bullet after it leaves the gun compared to that of the second bullet as it falls? Select one: A. The acceleration of the first bullet is much less than the acceleration of the bullet that was dropped. B. The acceleration of the first bullet is a little less than the acceleration of the bullet that was dropped. C. The acceleration of the first bullet is the same as the acceleration of the bullet that was dropped. D. The acceleration of the first bullet is a little more than the acceleration of the bullet that was dropped. E. The acceleration of the first bullet is much more than the acceleration of the bullet that was dropped.
C
A raindrop, as it falls to the ground, reaches a speed known as terminal velocity where the speed of the raindrop is neither increasing nor decreasing. This motion of the raindrop at terminal velocity can be understood in terms of: Select one: A. one vertical force B. . one horizontal force C. two vertical forces which balance D. two vertical forces which do not balance E. two horizontal forces which balance F. two horizontal forces which do not balance
C
For the pictures of molecules below, the gray balls represent carbon atoms and the white balls are hydrogen atoms. The molecules belong to a family called the hydrocarbons. These questions test if you can recognize patterns in molecular families and bonding around carbon atoms and then reason from them to make predictions. mjl_organicmolecules What is the formula for Ethene? A. CH3 B. 2C3H C. C2H4 D. C2H6
C
Gas pressure is caused by: A. a. kinetic energy being transferred from molecules with high energy to those with lower energy B. b. an increase in the motion of the walls of the container. C. c. the collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container. D. d. the large amount of space taken up by the gas molecules.
C
If light were only a wave, what should you observe in the photoelectric effect? A. (A) The light from the flashlight discharges the electroscope, while the light from the UV source does nothing. B. (B) The light from the UV source discharges the electroscope, while the light from the flashlight does nothing. C. (C) Both light sources discharge the electroscope if they're bright enough. They just discharge it faster the brighter the light is. D. (D) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the brighter light charging it faster. E. (E) Both light sources charge the electroscope, with the UV light charging it faster.
C
In the figure below, the molecular structure of a silicate mineral is shown. Where are this mineral's bonds the weakest? A. a. along the lines of pink magnesium atoms B. b. along the blue silicate groups C. c. along the lines between green calcium atoms
C
Now this same block of wood that was floating with one half of its volume out of the water is pushed down so that it is completely underneath the water. Which of the following statements is correct? Select one: A. a. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the weight per unit volume of the wood has not changed. B. b. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the weight per unit volume of the water is the same in each case. C. c. The buoyant force on the block is greater when the block is completely submerged than it is when the block is floating. D. d. The buoyant force on the block is greater when it is floating than when it is totally submerged. E. e. The buoyant force on the block is the same in the two cases because the block loses weight as it is submerged.
C
Suppose the carbon and oxygen react according to the equation: O2 + 2C = 2CO. If you started with sixty oxygen molecules (60O2) and sixty carbon(60C), how many carbon monoxide molecules could you make? A. 6 B. 30 C. 60 D. 120 E. There could be no reaction because you don't have the right number of atoms.
C
The maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the "p" orbitals of one shell is A. (A) 2. B. (B) 3. C. (C) 6. D. (D) 8. E. (E) 1
C
Use the Periodic Table to decide if S is a metal or a nonmetal. Do the same for O. If these two form a compound, which of the following characteristics will it show at room temperature? A. (A) Brittle, transparent, electrically non conducting solid. B. (B) Electrically conducting, metallic alloy. C. (C) Transparent gas. D. (D) The elements listed are very unlikely to react with one another. E. (E) Electrically nonconducting, metallic alloy.
C
A man is dragging a box at a constant speed in a straight line across a rough floor. Which of the following is true? A. The man is pulling on the box harder than the box is pulling back on the man. B. The friction on the box is smaller than the force that the man is exerting on the box. C. Since the box is not accelerating, the force exerted on the box by the man must be zero. D. The horizontal force the man is exerting is exactly equal to the frictional force. E. The man is pulling with a force exactly equal to the weight of the box.
D
A pendulum swings back and forth with no friction in the system. Which of the following quantities is conserved? Select one: A. a. Linear momentum of the pendulum B. b. Angular momentum of the pendulum C. c. Potential energy of the pendulum D. d. Total energy of the pendulum E. e. All of the above
D
For Questions 5 - 6, light from a laser shines on a pair of closely spaced slits and then fall on a screen. No attempt is made to detect the light until it hits the screen. When it hits the screen it produces an interference pattern, a series of bright lines. If the light is made extremely dim what happens to the pattern produced? Select one: A. a. The pattern gets dimmer. B. b. The pattern gets fuzzier. C. c. The pattern gets narrower. D. d. The pattern gets speckled, like it is made up of dots. E. e. Changing the brightness of the light doesn't change the pattern at all.
D
For the Butylene molecule C above, what forces would be the largest forces holding one of the molecules to another molecule? (What are the largest intermolecular forces?) A. Covalent bonds B. Dipole bonds C. Hydrogen bonds D. Dispersion forces
D
If we place a detector at the slits which measures which slit each photon travels through, what will happen? Which of the following best represents the image seen on the screen? Select one: A. a single narrow band about as narrow as a single slit. B. a single fuzzy band that is wider than the combined width of the slits. C. a single dot. D. two narrow bands that are a little wider than the width of each slit. E. a series of bright and dark bands.
D
The difference between blue light and red light is that A. (A) red light has more energy per photon. B. (B) red light has a higher speed. C. (C) blue light has a higher speed. D. (D) red light has a longer wavelength. E. (E) blue light has a longer wavelength.
D
The distance to galaxies very far from our own can best be estimated using A. (A) the microwave background radiation B. (B) geometrical triangulation C. (C) radar ranging D. (D) the cosmological redshift E. (E) the size of the galaxy
D
The fact that all the electrons in an atom do not fall into the orbital closest to the nucleus is evidence for A. (A) the idea that all atoms are made of charged particles. B. (B) the nuclear model of atoms. C. (C) the energy levels in atoms. D. (D) the exclusion principle. E. (E) the idea that electrons in atoms behave as waves.
D
The gasoline engine of an automobile is considerably less than 100% efficient. This means that not all of the energy in the gasoline is turned into kinetic energy of the car. Which of the following best explains why? A. Engineers and scientists have not yet managed to make it more efficient, but there is no scientific reason it cannot be 100% efficient. B. There is too much friction in the engine and the rest of the automobile. If it were not for this friction the efficiency would be 100%. C. All engines (that is electric motors, gasoline engines, steam power generators burning gas or oil, etc) have exactly the same efficiency, which is, of course, less than 100%. D. Some of the chemical potential energy in the gasoline must become ambient thermal energy if the rest is to supply the kinetic energy of the automobile. This means some energy must be wasted. E. Actually the automobile engine is nearly 100% efficient as long as the automobile is traveling on the level. When it climbs up a hill, however, the efficiency drops because of the changing gravitational potential energy
D
Order the following kinds of radiation from shortest to longest wavelength. Which has the shortest wavelength? A. Visible Light B. Microwave C. UV D. Radio Wave E. X-ray F. Gamma ray G. Infrared
F
At which of the points listed below is the kinetic energy of the sprinter the largest? A. The kinetic energy is constant. B. Point 2. C. Point 3. D. Point 5. E. The sprinter doesn't have kinetic energy.
Point 3
The melting and boiling points of a few elements are listed in the table below Table 39.1: element melting point boiling point H -259.1 -252.9 He -272.2 -268.9 Li 180.5 1342 Be 1278 2970 B 2079 2550 C 3367 4827 N -209.9 -195.8 O -218.4 -183 F -219.8 -188.1 Ne -248 -248.7 If you graph the relationship between melting and boiling point what do you find? a. graph going straight up b. graph going straight down c. graph upside down bell curve d. graph right side up bell curve e. there is no relatioship between the melting and boiling point
a. as melting point increases, so does boiling point
Which of the following are sources of knowledge as outlined in your text? all the five senses intuition extrapolation heredity authority interpretation reason
all the five senses intuition authority reason
The following questions, Questions 3-4, refer to the diagram of the energy levels of a Bohr level shown below. The arrows are different colors to make them easier to see. The colors have nothing to do with the color of photon emitted or absorbed. mjl_levels Which arrow in the diagram above corresponds to a jump from an excited state to the n=1 state Select one: a. arrow going from n=1 up to n=6 b. n=3 to n=1 c. n=3 to n=4 d. n=6 to n=5
b
At which of the points listed below (2, 3, 4) would the net force on the sprinter be zero? A. At none of the points below, the force can't be zero while he is moving. B.2 C.3 D.4 E.at all of the points 2-4.
c - 3
Archimedes Principle states that the buoyant force on a submerged object is equal to: A. The pressure at that depth. B. The volume of the object. C. The weight of the object. D. The weight of the displaced fluid. E. The density of the object
d
Which of the following best explains what happens after the sprinter crosses the finish line at point 4? A. The sprinter instantly comes to rest as soon as there are no more forces acting on him. B. The sprinter slowly comes to rest because there are no more forces acting on him, and therefore its momentum runs out and it stops gradually. C. The sprinter slowly comes to rest because of gravitational forces. D. The sprinter slowly comes to rest because of a net force acting backwards. E. The sprinter instantly comes to rest because all the forces acting on him are now balanced, so there is nothing to keep him moving.
d
When would the contact force the sprinter exerts on the ground be equal to the contact force the ground exerts on the sprinter? A. The two forces are always equal and opposite. B. only at 2 C. only at 3 D. only at 4 E. only at 5
the two forces are always equal and opposite