Physics Ch.33

8. In a smoke detector americium (A = 95) transmutes to neptunium (A = 93) by

Alpha emission

2. Radioactivity in the world is something

As old as the world itself

50. The helium in a child's balloon is composed of a. both of these b. neither of these c. former alpha-particle. d. former beta particles.

Both of these

53. In which of these processes is an element transformed into a completely different element? a. alpha decay b. beta decay c. both of these d. none of the above

Both of these

33. The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for

Both of these (half of an original quantity of the material to decay & its decay rate to reduce to half.)

12. Pure elements can be transformed into entirely different elements by

Both of these (transmutation & radioactive decay)

1. Cosmic rays originate in the

Cosmos

35. When a nucleus emits a positron, its atomic number

Decreases by 1

30. When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different

Element

25. Which radiation has no association with electric charge?

Gamma

14. Which experiences the least electrical force in an electric field?

Gamma ray

24. Which of these will penetrate into lead?

Gamma ray

40. Which wavelengths are shortest?

Gamma ray

51. Which will NOT bend when moving in a magnetic field?

Gamma ray

38. Rays with the shortest wavelengths have the

Highest frequencies and energies

48. The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become

Lead

29. The natural background radiation we personally encounter is

More than half

11. There is a greater proportion of carbon-14 in

New bones

28. A magnetic field is applied to a cloud chamber for the purpose of a. all of the above b. attracting protons. c. repelling electrons. d. none of the above e. attracting electrons.

None of the above

55. Which is the strongest fundamental force?

Nuclear strong force

27. Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

Organic material

10. A nucleon is either a

Proton or a neutron

46.Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

Push it apart

4. The high temperature of Earth's interior is mainly due to

Radioactive processes

54. Radiation dosage is commonly measured in

Rads

26. Which device is used primarily to detect nuclear radiation?

Scintillation counter

56. Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter originates from

The natural environment

43. The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly

Two thousand times that of an electron

42. Which nucleus has the greatest neutron/proton ratio?

Uranium

49. A sample of highly-radioactive material is somewhat

Warmer than the environment

37. An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits

a beta particle

52. Which experiences the greatest electrical force in an electric field?

alpha particle

16. Human damage is usually highest for radiation by

alpha particles

41. Nuclear stability is related to the balance between

attracting and repelling forces in the nucleus.

17. A device that shows the bending of particle trails in liquid hydrogen is a

bubble chamber

13. The operation of a cloud chamber relies on

condensation

47. Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by

cosmic-ray bombardment

5. The most harmful radiations are those that

damage living cells

20. When the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle, the atom's atomic number

decreases

3. The sources of X-rays are

electron cloud

34. Once an alpha particle is outside the nucleus it is

electrostatically repelled.

7. Some charged particles in a bubble chamber are seen to move in spirals due to

energy dissipation

39. X-rays are similar to

gamma rays

21. X-rays may be correctly regarded as

high frequency radio waves

9. A hydrogen atom that emits an alpha particle is a routine occurrence in

impossible

31. Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

instability

44. All deposits of natural uranium contain appreciable amounts of

lead

6. The half-life of a radioactive substance is affected by a. none of the above b. pressure. c. all of the above d. temperature. e. age.

none of the above

19. Alpha particles and beta particles are deflected by a magnetic field in

opposite directions

23. The radiation source closest to us originates in

our own bodies

15. The main source of Earth's natural heat is

radioactivity in Earth's interior

32. Radiation dosages based on potential damage is in

rems

22. Artificially induced radioactive elements generally have

short half-lives

18. Free protons and neutrons are spewed throughout the atmosphere by

the bombardment of cosmic rays upon atoms.

45. X-rays are emitted by way of

transitions within an atom's innermost electrons.

36. Gamma rays are emitted by way of

transitions within the atomic nucleus.