Physics Ch.33
8. In a smoke detector americium (A = 95) transmutes to neptunium (A = 93) by
Alpha emission
2. Radioactivity in the world is something
As old as the world itself
50. The helium in a child's balloon is composed of a. both of these b. neither of these c. former alpha-particle. d. former beta particles.
Both of these
53. In which of these processes is an element transformed into a completely different element? a. alpha decay b. beta decay c. both of these d. none of the above
Both of these
33. The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for
Both of these (half of an original quantity of the material to decay & its decay rate to reduce to half.)
12. Pure elements can be transformed into entirely different elements by
Both of these (transmutation & radioactive decay)
1. Cosmic rays originate in the
Cosmos
35. When a nucleus emits a positron, its atomic number
Decreases by 1
30. When an element undergoes nuclear transmutation, the result is a completely different
Element
25. Which radiation has no association with electric charge?
Gamma
14. Which experiences the least electrical force in an electric field?
Gamma ray
24. Which of these will penetrate into lead?
Gamma ray
40. Which wavelengths are shortest?
Gamma ray
51. Which will NOT bend when moving in a magnetic field?
Gamma ray
38. Rays with the shortest wavelengths have the
Highest frequencies and energies
48. The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become
Lead
29. The natural background radiation we personally encounter is
More than half
11. There is a greater proportion of carbon-14 in
New bones
28. A magnetic field is applied to a cloud chamber for the purpose of a. all of the above b. attracting protons. c. repelling electrons. d. none of the above e. attracting electrons.
None of the above
55. Which is the strongest fundamental force?
Nuclear strong force
27. Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain
Organic material
10. A nucleon is either a
Proton or a neutron
46.Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to
Push it apart
4. The high temperature of Earth's interior is mainly due to
Radioactive processes
54. Radiation dosage is commonly measured in
Rads
26. Which device is used primarily to detect nuclear radiation?
Scintillation counter
56. Most of the radioactivity we personally encounter originates from
The natural environment
43. The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly
Two thousand times that of an electron
42. Which nucleus has the greatest neutron/proton ratio?
Uranium
49. A sample of highly-radioactive material is somewhat
Warmer than the environment
37. An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits
a beta particle
52. Which experiences the greatest electrical force in an electric field?
alpha particle
16. Human damage is usually highest for radiation by
alpha particles
41. Nuclear stability is related to the balance between
attracting and repelling forces in the nucleus.
17. A device that shows the bending of particle trails in liquid hydrogen is a
bubble chamber
13. The operation of a cloud chamber relies on
condensation
47. Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere principally by
cosmic-ray bombardment
5. The most harmful radiations are those that
damage living cells
20. When the nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle, the atom's atomic number
decreases
3. The sources of X-rays are
electron cloud
34. Once an alpha particle is outside the nucleus it is
electrostatically repelled.
7. Some charged particles in a bubble chamber are seen to move in spirals due to
energy dissipation
39. X-rays are similar to
gamma rays
21. X-rays may be correctly regarded as
high frequency radio waves
9. A hydrogen atom that emits an alpha particle is a routine occurrence in
impossible
31. Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its
instability
44. All deposits of natural uranium contain appreciable amounts of
lead
6. The half-life of a radioactive substance is affected by a. none of the above b. pressure. c. all of the above d. temperature. e. age.
none of the above
19. Alpha particles and beta particles are deflected by a magnetic field in
opposite directions
23. The radiation source closest to us originates in
our own bodies
15. The main source of Earth's natural heat is
radioactivity in Earth's interior
32. Radiation dosages based on potential damage is in
rems
22. Artificially induced radioactive elements generally have
short half-lives
18. Free protons and neutrons are spewed throughout the atmosphere by
the bombardment of cosmic rays upon atoms.
45. X-rays are emitted by way of
transitions within an atom's innermost electrons.
36. Gamma rays are emitted by way of
transitions within the atomic nucleus.