Physics EOC review

A jet engine develops 100,000 N of thrust to move an airplane forward at a speed of 250 m/s. What is the power output of the engine?

25 MW

SI unit for Temperature

K

Convection currents occur in fluid media (gases and liquids). Why do hot fluids rise and cold fluids sink?

The density of a hot fluid is less than the density of an identical cold fluid.

What did the Photoelectric Effect prove about light?

light had particle properties

In a magnetized substance, the domains

line up mainly in one direction

SI unit for Distance

m

SI unit for Speed

m/s

SI unit for Acceleration

m/s2

One light bulb in the kitchen burns out and suddenly several lights go out in the house. This would provide evidence that the bulbs were wired in

series

Light is

both a particle and a wave.

The electron-volt (eV) is commonly used when working with particles. What does an electron-volt measure?

energy

Compared to he range of a bullet shot horizontally, a bullet shot at an angle of 30 degrees will go -

farther

At the top of a projectile's path above the earth, the acceleration of an object -

remains unchanged

SI unit for Time

s

In order to make a stronger electromagnet what is effective?

-use more turns (coils) of wire -Use an iron core instead of a wooden core -use more current through the wire

The graph above represents a car driving down a straight highway. Which of the following is the acceleration of the car at t = 4 seconds?

0 m/s^2

Which of the following has the least momentum?

0.01 kg of mass moving at 200 m/s

A hammer strikes a nail with a 10 N force for 0.01 s. What is the impulse of the hammer?

0.10 kgm/s

If the battery is 5.0 Volts, what is the power dissipated by the circuit in the diagram?

0.83 Watts

What is acceleration in m/s2 of a car that begins at rest at a stop sign and accelerates to 25 m/s over a time of 8.6 s.

2.91 m/s2

A car travels in a straight line for 1.7 sec and covers a distance of 42.1 m. What is the average speed of the car?

24.76 m/s

What is the approximate amount of heat energy needed to change 5.0 kg of ice at 0 degrees Celsius to water at 0 degrees Celsius?

1,700 kJ

A particular light sources gives off light waves measured to have a wavelength of 2.0 X 10-7 m. What is the frequency of the light source?

1.5 x 1015 Hz

A proton yields 1.50 x 10^-10 J of energy according to mass-energy equivalence. What is the mass of a proton?

1.67 x 10^-27 kg

Analyze the collision of a baseball with a bat. During which portion of the collision does the baseball's velocity reach zero?

1/100th of a second after the collision

A ball is released from rest at the top of a ramp at t = 0. What is the speed of the ball at t = 4?

10 m/s

a 1000 kg car comes to a stop without skidding. the cars brakes do 50,000 J of work to stop the car. Which was the velocity when the brakes were initially applied?

10 m/s

An object is 30 cm away from the surface of a convex lens. If the focal length of the lens is 10 cm, how far away is the image?

15 cm

How far from the base of the cliff will the object strike the ground? (neglect friction)

15 m

A comet is moving in its orbit toward the Sun. As it approaches the Sun, part of the comet evaporates due to the Sun's heat. The comet and Sun exert a gravitational force, F, on each other. After six weeks, the comet and Sun are 1/8th of their original distance apart, and the comet is 1/4th of it's original mass. Which of the following is the force on the comet at the final distance?

16 F

Find the total resistance of the circuit shown. R1 = 4 ohms R2 = 6 ohms R3 = 6 ohms R4 = 8 ohms

16.4

Determine the gravitational force of attraction between two 3.5 kg bowling balls whose centers are exactly 2.0 m from each other.

2.04 E -10 N

Questions 38 through 40 refer to the following: An object is thrown horizontally off a cliff with an initial velocity of 5.0 meters per second. The object strikes the ground 3.0 seconds later. What is the vertical speed of the object as it reaches the ground? (neglect friction)

29 m/s

An electron, q = -1.6 x 10-19 C, is moving in a TV tube. The magnetic field is 0.25 T and the velocity of the electron is 7.5 x 106 m/s. The directions of the magnetic field and the velocity of the electron are given by the diagram below. What is the force of the electron?

3 x 10^-13 into the page

If a photon has a wavelength of 625 nm, how much energy does it have?

3.16 x 10-19 J

Two charged spheres are 20 cm apart and exert an attractive force of 8 x 109 N on each other. Which will be the force of attraction when the spheres are moved to 10 cm apart?

3.2 x 10^-8 N

The current supplied by the battery for the diagram is 0.17 amps. What is the potential difference across the 20.0 ohm resistor?

3.4 volts

The magnetic field in the detection chamber of a mass spectrometer is 3.5 T. A molecule in the detection chamber has a charge of 1.60 x 10-19 C and is moving perpendicular to the magnetic field at a speed of 7.0 x 106 m/s. Which is the force of the magnetic field on the molecule?

3.9 x 10^-12 N

Find the total resistance of the circuit shown above.

30 ohms

A ball is thrown horizontally at 10 m/s from the top of a hill 50.0 m high. How far from the base of the cliff would the ball hit the ground?

31.9 m

How many antinodes are visible?

4

What is the magnitude of the velocity of a 25 kg mass that is moving with a momentum of 100 kgm/s?

4.0 kgm/s

If you converted 0.5 kg of matter into energy, how much energy would you get (assuming 100% efficiency)?

4.5 x 10^16 J

if a powerlifter raises a 1000 N weight a distance of 2.0 m in 0.5s, what is his power output?

4000 W

A dart with a mass of 50 g is thrown at 15 m/s and sticks into a 100 g apple hanging on a string. What is the velocity of the dart and apple after the dart is embedded?

5 m/s

What is the horizontal speed of the object 1.0 second after it is released? (neglect friction)

5.0 m/s

Calculate the speed of a periodic wave that has a wavelength of 2.0 m and a frequency of 3.0 Hz.

6.0 m/s

A light ray strikes the mirror such that the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What is the angle between the incident ray and reflected ray?

60°

A 0.25 g paint chip comes off a satellite orbiting Earth. The velocity of the paint chip is 7000 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the paint chip?

6125 J

The force exerted on the mass by the string while the mass moves at 4.0 meters per second is

64 N

A 7.0 kg bowling ball travelling at 2.0 m/s collides with a stationary 0.5 kg beach ball in an elastic collision. The bowling ball leaves the collision with a velocity of 1.5 m/s travelling in the same direction as the beach ball. Determine the speed of the ball.

7.0 m/s

A 0.56 kg model rocked produces a 53 N upward thrust as it shoots upward off the launch pad. With what acceleration in m/s2 does the rocket launch?

84.8 m/s2

A 12.0 volt battery is connected in a series to 4 identical 5.00 ohm resistors connected in parallel to each other. What is the current through the battery?

9.6

SI unit for Electric Current

A

The centripetal force acting on the mass is directed toward point

A

What part of the EM spectrum travels fastest?

All travel at 'c'

At which of these positions on the track was the potential energy being transformed into kinetic energy for the roller coaster car?

B

In the position shown in the diagram, the momentum of the mass is directed toward point

B

SI unit for Electric Charge

C

The diagram below shows straight wave fronts passing through an opening in a barrier. What is this spreading or bending at the slit referred to?

Diffraction

What was the first subatomic particle discovered?

Electron

Who discovered that the nucleus of the atom was positively charged?

Ernest Rutherford

Who came up with the idea of a cat which, until observed, remains in a superposition of states?

Erwin Schrodinger

SI unit for Capacitance

F

Two football players sitting next to each other exert a gravitational force, F, on each other. They remove their pads, so that the mass of each player becomes 1/2 of his original value. Which of the following represents the present gravitational force between the players?

F/4

Two asteroids exert a gravitational force, F, on each other. Some time later, the asteroids are three time as far from each other as before. Which of the following represents the gravitational force at this distance?

F/9

SI unit for Frequency

Hz

A lizard on a rock in the sun in most likely warmed by which of the following? I. conductive heat transfer II. convective heat transfer III. radiated heat transfer

I & III

Which of the following are properties of an object in projectile motion? I. The object is in freefall II. The trajectory (path) is a parabola III. The only acceleration is gravity

I, II, & III

A ball is left in the cabin of an airplane. When the plane accelerates forward, the ball rolls to the back of the cabin. What happens when the plane stops?

It rolls to the front of the cabin.

SI unit for Energy/Work

J

Who discovered the first subatomic particle?

J.J. Thomson

Who discovered the existence of neutrons?

James Chadwick

Who discovered and verified the existence of atoms?

John Dalton

Who proposed that all matter has both particle and wavelike properties?

Louis de Brogile

Who developed the constant h, used commonly in Quantum Physics?

Max Planck

what is true about insulators and conductors?

Most good conductors of electricity are also good conductors of heat.

SI unit for Force

N

SI unit for Electric Field

N/C

SI unit for Electrical Resistance

Ohm

Who was known as the "Father of Modern Nuclear Chemistry" and also worked with Nuclear Fission?

Otto Hahn

A soldier throws a grenade horizontally from the top of a cliff. Which of the folowing best describes the path taken by the grenade?

Parabola

What principle is responsible for generating electricity in solar cells?

Photoelectric Effect

A pencil submerged in a clear glass of water may appear broken or bent when observed from the side of the glass. Which of the following characteristics describes this broken or bent appearance?

Refraction

a piece of metal and a piece of brick are both sitting in the sun. If both are the same mass, what property of matter will make the metal feel hotter to the touch?

Specific heat

SI unit for Magnetic Field

T

When considering the Photoelectric Effect, what is the work function?

The minimum amount of energy needed to free an electron

What is the equation E = mc2 used for?

To determine the amount of energy obtained by converting a certain amount of mass.

SI unit for Electric Potential

V

What is a quantity of a Vector?

Velocity, acceleration and displacement

SI unit for Power

W

Who proposed the famous uncertainty principle stating 'You cannot know a particle's momentum and position at the same time?'

Werner Heisenberg

Which of the following correctly represents the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet?

a

A 5.0 kg ball is moving in a 5.0 m horizontal circle every 3.0 s. The ball experiences -

a centripetal acceleration

Earth is slightly farther from the Sun in June than it is in December. The force of gravity of the Sun on Earth in June compared to December is smaller due to -

an increase in the distance between the masses

What is the path of an electron moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field?

circle

Sound engineers at an automobile factory plan to design a device that could be used as a type of muffler for road noise. In order to cancel all the exterior noise, they must create what type of interference with the sound waves outside the vehicle?

completely destructive interference

A student is cooking an egg in a pan on a stovetop. What is the main method of heat transfer between the pan and the egg? Correct Answer

conduction

A student quickly discovers that placing the marshmallow over the flame is more effective than heating the marshmallow on the side of the flame. What type of heat transfer is present when the marshmallow is above the fire that is not present when the marshmallow is on the side of the fire?

convection

A glass sphere, a copper sphere, a wood sphere and a rubber sphere are placed on individual insulating stands. Which sphere will distribute electrical charge over its surface most quickly?

copper

Which of the following is equal at each point along this circuit?

current

SI unit for Mass

kg

An ambulance is traveling away from you. The frequency of the sound waves of the siren seems to

decrease below the normal pitch

The free body diagram shows four forces (arbitrary units) acting on an object. Using only the information in the diagram, you can determine —

direction of the acceleration of the object

what is a poor conductor of electricity?

glass

Which type of energy is associated with a body's height above the ground?

gravitational potential energy

A student creates identical electrical charges on identical balloons by rubbing them with a wool cloth. The balloons repel each other. According to Coulomb's Law, which should the student do to increase the electrical force of repulsion between these balloons?

increase the charge on one of the ballons

The graph above represents the motion of a cyclist. The graph shows that between t = 0 seconds and t = 2 seconds, the cyclist -

increased in speed

Air bags help to minimize injuries by providing a large area for the force of impact to be exerted. In terms of the impulse-momentum theory, what is another advantage of an air bag?

increases the amount of time the force is applied

In order to avoid being shocked when working with live circuits, you should only touch

insulated switches

Which of the following is necessary for light to propagate? air ether matter

none of these are necessary

Base your answers to the next four questions on the diagram below which represents a 2.0 kilogram mass moving in a circular path on the end of a string 0.50 meters long. The mass moves in a horizontal plane at a constant speed of 4.0 meters per second. The speed of the mass is changed to 2.0 meters per second. Compared to the centripetal acceleration of the mass when moving at 4.0 meters per second, its centripetal acceleration when moving at 2.0 meters per second would be

one-fourth as great

A firefighter arrived at a burning building and felt the heat immediately. This is due to the thermal energy transferred by -

radiation

NASA developed a reflective foil barrier to help shield spacecraft from heat transfer in space. These reflective barriers are now used in homes to prevent heat transfer by the same method. What method of heat transfer is being prevented by the reflective barrier?

radiation

Which of the following lists correctly places the phases of matter in order from least to most energetic?

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

A superconductor is a material with a total resistance of zero. Superconductors are not in everyday devices because

superconductors require very low temperatures

When the drag force on an object falling through the air equals the force of gravity, the object has reached __.

terminal velocity

Tension refers to...

the force exerted by a string.

The normal force (FN) refers to...

the perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object.

Consider two long, straight, parallel wires, each carrying a current I. If the currents move in the same direction

the two wires will attract each other

The path of a projectile through space is called its:

trajectory

A boat was moving at 10 m/s and accelerated at 2 m/s^2 for 10 s. Which of the following was its final speed?

vf = vi + at = 10 + 2(10) = 30 m/s

If the direction of the momentum of an object is west, the direction of the velocity of the object is -

west

What is true about entropy and energy?

when ice freezes, it gives off energy and its entropy decreases.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as heat and -

work

When an object is in equilibrium, what is the net force?

zero