physio unit one

The thickest protein fibers from the following group are Select one: a.microtubules. b.neurofilaments. c.microfilaments. d.myosin molecules. e.keratin filaments.

A

Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The response of the target cells to each of these two hormones is opposite. This information implies that a. the two hormones bind to different cell receptors b. one hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and the other to an intracellular receptor c. each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger d. both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus e. the two hormones bind to different receptors and use a different second messenger

A

Every substance that enters or leaves the internal environment of the body must cross an epithelium. Select one: a.True b.False

A

Following post-translational modification, any misfolded protein will be destroyed by Select one: a.ubiquitin. b.chaperones. c.methylation. d.ribonucleases

A

In the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the a. cytoplasm b. nucleus c. cell membrane

A

Peroxisomes Select one: a.use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell. b.are a type of lysosome. c.are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles. d.are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. e.All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes.

A

Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? Select one: a.rough endoplasmic reticulum b.smooth endoplasmic reticulum c.mitochondria d.nucleoli e.Golgi apparatus

A

Which of the following is an example of a membranous organelle? Select one: a.lysosome b.cilia c.centriole d.ribosome e.cytoskeleton

A

Which proteins assist in the movement of vesicles along microtubules? Select one: a.kinesins b.mitochondria c.rough endoplasmic reticulum d.ribosomes e.Golgi complex

A

the cell membrane acts as a good a. electrical insulator b. electrical conductor c. electrical gradient d. source of ions

A

Cyclic AMP activates a. a G protein. b. adenylyl cyclase. c. protein hormones. d. protein kinase A. e. hormone receptors.

D

A molecule positioned on the high-concentration side of a concentration gradient stores ________ energy. Select one: a.chemical b.potential c.kinetic

B

A reversible reaction is one where a. there is no change in the net free energy from substrate to product. b. there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product c. a reaction between products is unlikely due to the high activation energy. d. there are large changes in the net free energy from substrate to product.

B

Centrioles Select one: a.function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell. b.direct the movement of DNA during cell division. c.hold the cell's ribosomes in place. d.are white blood cells out of vessels. e.provide shape and stability to a cell.

B

Diacylglycerol (DAG) causes which of the following inside the cell a. activation of PKA b. activation of PKC c. release of intracellular Ca2+ stores d. formation of cAMP e. inhibition of cAMP production

B

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger? Select one: a.negative feedback b.positive feedback c.local control d.nociceptive feedback

B

The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to the Select one: a.smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage. b.Golgi complex for packaging. c.lysosome for modification. d.cell membrane for secretion. e.nucleus for cellular use.

B

The term meaning "programmed cell death" is Select one: a.necrosis. b.apoptosis. c.oncogenesis. d.diuresis. e.cytocide.

B

When adenylyl cyclase is activated, A) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) protein kinases are metabolized. E) steroids are produced.

B

______ are organized into 9 pairs of microtubules surrounding a central pair a. motor proteins b. cilia c. lysosomes d. peroxisomes e. occulins

B

________ is a protective layer made up of mostly membrane carbohydrates. Select one: a.Epidermis b.Glycocalyx c.Connective tissue d.Focal Adhesion e.Cadherin

B

________ proteins extend all the way across the cell membrane. Select one: a.Nuclear b.Transmembrane c.Cytoskeletal d.Peripheral e.Glycolipid

B

normal ECF range for potassium concentration would most likely be within or closest to a. 135-145 meq/L b. 3.5-5.0 meq/L c. 95-105 meq/L d. 280-300 mOsm

B

resting membrane potential in a typical nerve cell is approximately a. +70 mV b. -70 mV c. +35 mV d. -35 mV e. 0 mV

B

the most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is a. the cell that releases it b. the cell that responds to it c. the method of transport d. route of transport e. no difference

B

what are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body? a. intracellular and plasma b. plasma and interstitial c. interstitial and intracellular d. plasma and fluid portion of the blood e. none

B

Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence.1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.2. A secretory vesicle is formed.3. A transport vesicle is formed.4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex. Select one: a.1, 2, 3, 4 b.1, 3, 2, 4 c.1, 3, 4, 2 d.4, 3, 1, 2 e.3, 1, 4, 2

C

Cell membranes are said to be Select one: a.impermeable barrier. b.freely permeable barrier. c.selectively permeable barrier. d.only permeable to water soluble molecules. e.None of the answers are correct.

C

For each NADH molecule that moves through the electron transport system, what is the potential yield of ATP molecules? Select one: a.1 b.2 c.2.5 d.3.5 e.4

C

Homeostasis is the ability of the body to Select one: a.prevent the external environment from changing. b.prevent the internal environment from changing. c.quickly restore changed conditions to normal. d.ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest. e.prevent excessive blood loss.

C

If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to Select one: a.synthesize lipids. b.produce enzymes. c.digest cellular wastes and bacteria. d.destroy H2O2. e.transport water-soluble molecules.

C

Information stored in the nucleus is translated into Select one: a.carbohydrates. b.lipids. c.proteins. d.phospholipids. e.None of the answers are correct.

C

The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is a. that it is arranged in sheets of tissue that lie on body surfaces b. that it is always dividing, constantly being replaced throughout the body c. the presence of extensive extracellular matrix containing widely scattered cells. d. the collagen fibers that offer support e. all of these

C

The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________. Select one: a.cytoplasm, cytoplasm b.mitochondria, mitochondria c.cytoplasm, mitochondria d.mitochondria, cytoplasm

C

These junctions can be cell-matrix junctions. a. gap junctions b. tight junctions c. anchoring junctions d. connexin e. neuromuscular junction

C

When calcium becomes available inside a cell, it comes from a. ecf only b. intracellular stores only c. ECF and intracellular storage d. it is always available as a major cytosol cation

C

Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? Select one: a.fatty acids b.steroids c.proteins d.lipids e.All are synthesized in the SER.

C

Which of the following is NOT involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron? a. diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell b. diffusion of sodium ions into the cell c. resting membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions d. resting membrane permeability for potassium ions greater than sodium ions

C

Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes? Select one: a.air b.water c.acid d.enzymes e.base

C

which type of connective tissue does not fit with the typical characteristics of a dense group substance? a. cartilage b. bone c. blood d. adipose e. tendons

C

Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true except one: a.The mitochondrial cristae form the inner membrane forming separate compartments. b.The matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production. c.The intermembrane space plays an important role in mitochondrial ATP production. d.The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA. e.The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.

D

Gated channels for sodium ions may include a. mechanical gates, which respond to pressure .b. chemical gates, which respond to ligands. c. voltage gates, which respond to electrical signals. d. All of the answers are correct. e. None of the answers are correct.

D

The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called ________. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a ________. Select one: a.proteolysis, phosphatase b.phosphorylation, phosphatase c.proteolysis, kinase d.phosphorylation, kinase

D

The vasodilation of blood vessels surrounding muscles due to the production of carbon dioxide during exercise is an example of which of the following? a. neural control b. long distance control c. reflex control d. local control e. hormonal control

D

This type of epithelia is found in the epidermis, esophagus, mouth and these stacked layers of cells prevent exchange, while they resist chemicals, bacteria, and other destructive forces a. exchange b. transport c. ciliated d. protective e. secretory

D

________ proteins attach loosely to other membrane proteins or polar regions of phospholipids. Select one: a.Nuclear b.Transmembrane c.Cytoskeletal d.Peripheral e.Glycolipid

D

_________ molecules insert themselves into the lipid layer to help regulate fluidity a. glycolipids b. glycocalyx c. phospholipids d. cholesterol e. carbs

D

end product inhibition describes the process whereby a. decreasing amounts of substrate reduce activity of the enzyme b. decreasing amounts of product reduce activity of the enzyme c. increasing amounts of the substrate reduce activity of the enzyme d. increasing amounts of product reduce activity of the enzyme e. increasing amounts of product reduce activity of all enzyme in the vicinity

D

he type of protein found in gap junctions is the Select one: a.claudin. b.occludin. c.cadherin. d.connexin. e.integrin.

D

inositol triphosphate a. is a water-insoluble molecule b. binds to the calcium channels of the golgi c. is involved in the activation of DAG in the cytosol d. is a second messenger that is involved in the release of calcium into the cytosol e. uses all these mechanisms

D

Activation energy is a. the energy required for an endergonic reaction. b. required to convert an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction. c. the energy lost or gained in a reaction d. the energy required to bring molecules into a position where they can interact. e. the energy required to bring molecules into a position where they can interact.

E

Intermediate filaments Select one: a.provide the cell with strength. b.stabilize the position of organelles. c.transport materials within the cytoplasm. d.form the neurofilaments in nerve cells. e.All of the answers are correct.

E

Microtubules Select one: a.are composed of tubulin. b.are hollow, filamentous structures. c.form cilia that aid in cell movement. d.are the largest cytoplasmic fibers. e.All of the answers are correct.

E

Receptor molecules are located a. only in the outer cell membrane b. only in the cytosol c. only in the nucleus d. only on the cell surface e. in all these places

E

Which of the following molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion? a. lipids b. steroids c. water d. lipids and water e. All of the answers are correct.

E

Caveolae and clathrin-coated pits are both used in a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. phagocytosis d. all of the above e. none of the above

a

increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase ones use of energy. why? a. fat is a connective tissue and not an excitable one b. muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells c. adipocytes contain more cytoplasmic inclusions d. fat cells have no blood supply

a and b

ATP synthase transfers the ________ energy of the H+ ions to the high-energy phosphate bond of ________. a. potential, NADH b. potential, ATP c. kinetic, NADH d. kinetic, ATP e. none of the above

c

which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions, and proteins a. plasma only b. interstitial fluid c. intracellular fluid d. both A and C e. both A and B

c

the function of phospholipase C is to a. release calcium from intracellular stores b. synthesize arachidonic acid c. activate adenylyl cyclase d. activate protein kinase enzymes e. form diacylglyerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3)

e