Physiological Psychology: Master Quiz questions chapters 8-14

REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?

A high level of brain activity

Which behavior is most suggestive of schizophrenia?

Alternation between one personality and another

What does cataplexy mean?

An attack of muscle weakness while awake

Acneer has been diagnosed with depression. It is likely that he has lowered than average levels of

BDNF

What does the eating cycle of bulimia have in common with addictive drugs?

Both activate the brain's reinforcement areas

What is a typical characteristic of insomnia?

Consistently feeling sleepy during the day

Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?

Dopamine

After removing all sensory input to the brain, an animal would continue to have periods of sleep and wakefulness

FALSE

Angeiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium

FALSE

Bettie tells her classmate that dreaming only occurs during REM sleep.

FALSE

Orexin inhibits appetite

FALSE

Paige wants to lose weight. The most effective long-term plan is for her to limit her intake of sweet foods.

FALSE

Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimulus in the enviroment

FALSe

What does "endogenous" mean?

Generated from within

Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?

Increasing NPY levels

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the circadian rhythms?

It's neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves

Most young mammals stop nursing, at least partly, due to the loss of what ability?

Metabolizing the sugar in milk

Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol?

Naloxone

Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____________

Narcolepsy

Gala is studying for a quiz on circadian rhythms. She writes in her notes that the two proteins that influence circadian rhythms by building up during the day and declining during sleep are ____________.

PER and TIM

An increase in the size of meals most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus?

Paraventricular

Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the _____________, thereby affecting meal size

Paraventricular nucleus

Sometime people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

Part of the brain is still asleep.

Lena is taking antidepressants that increase her levels of serotonin. What is likely true about her sleep?

She experiences LESS REM sleep

Carlee's EEG recording shows a predominant amount of alpha waves. What is going on?

She is very relaxed but still awake.

Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?

Sleep

Slow wave sleep is comprised of

Stages 3 and 4

CCK limits meal size

TRUE

The activation-synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity

TRUE

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus

TRUE

Vasporessin increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

TRUE

An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45- minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minute periods of darkness. What is likely to happen?

They sleep poorly during rest periods

Mia wants to take a trip, but she is worried about jet lag. What advice would you give her?

Traveling the west is easier

Which hormone, release by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidney's to reabsorb water?

Vasopressin

What is the best way to determine if the individual who claims to never dream does, in fact, dream?

Wake them up during REM sleep and ask them if they have been dreaming

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them

An electroencephalograph displays ______________

a net average of all the neuron's potentials.

A set point refers to ________

a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing _____________

acetylcholine

Electrical stimulation of a rat's lateral hypothalamus would most liely result in _________

an increase in food seeking behaviors

Professor Bogdan tells his class that it is hypothesized that people use additive drugs to __________

avoid withdrawal symptoms cope with stress feel pleasurable effects

The brain can anticipate an osmotic need before the rest of the body actually experiences it _____

because the stomach can detect high levels of sodium

Emmanuel has periodic limb movement disorder. When does he have the most trouble?

during NREM sleep

After a cut through the midbrain seperates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all of the lower structures, an animal

enters a prolonged state of sleep

Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ______

grehlin

Your posterior pituitary is most likely to release antidueretic hormone (ADH) ___

if you are very thirsty

Rob's body temp. fluctuates throughout the day and is usually the lowest __________

in the middle of the night

Vasopressin and Angiotensin II are similar in that they both promote _____________

increased blood pressure

A fever _______

is part of the body's defense against an illness

A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as _____________

jetlag

The temperature required by reproductive cells of birds and most mammals is ___________

lower than the rest of the body

Research suggests that REM is

most important for strengthening memories of motor skills

When Arlette is sleeping, her locus coeruleous is _________

mostly inactive

Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as

negative feedback

Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to eating ____________

normal sized meals, but eating them more frequently

Kurtis's dog has had damage to the POA/AH. If he gets hot, he will _______

not pant properly and potentially overheat

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is ________

only one of several systems involved in arousal

The brain gets part of the information regarding low osmotic pressure from _________

receptors around the 3rd ventricle

Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?

she moves around as if she is acting out her dreams

Orexin, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for ___________

staying awake

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body __________

still has rhythms, but they are less consistent

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors operate similarly to ___________

tricylics

One interpretation of how hormone CCK promotes satiety is that it __________

causes the stomach to fill more quickly

Hemostasis is to _________ as allostasis is to __________

constant; variable

Fructose, used in corn syrup as a sweetener, may lead to increased obesity by ________

failing to tripper sastiety

Mammals have circadian rhythms __________

for a variety of activities, including sleep

He tells the class that the pancreas makes ___________ and ___________ that regulat teh flow of glucose into the cells

glucagon; insulin

The concordance rate of schizophrenia among twins in _________

higher in monozygotic than dizygotic twins

The tendency of water to flow across semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed _______

osmotic pressure

After damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus, animals are more likely to

overeat and gain weight

For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would _______

produce little effect

When neuropeptide Y inhibits the paraventricular neucleus, it _________

produces extreme overeating

Professor Shculter tells his class that the SCN produces circadian rhythms in a person's body by changing the person's ___________

production of proteins

The circadian rhythms is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual so that they _____________

respond directly to light, but respond slowly

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____________

seasons other than migration