Physiological Psychology: Master Quiz questions chapters 8-14
REM sleep is characterized by which of the following?
A high level of brain activity
Which behavior is most suggestive of schizophrenia?
Alternation between one personality and another
What does cataplexy mean?
An attack of muscle weakness while awake
Acneer has been diagnosed with depression. It is likely that he has lowered than average levels of
BDNF
What does the eating cycle of bulimia have in common with addictive drugs?
Both activate the brain's reinforcement areas
What is a typical characteristic of insomnia?
Consistently feeling sleepy during the day
Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?
Dopamine
After removing all sensory input to the brain, an animal would continue to have periods of sleep and wakefulness
FALSE
Angeiotensin II acts on the kidney to retain more sodium
FALSE
Bettie tells her classmate that dreaming only occurs during REM sleep.
FALSE
Orexin inhibits appetite
FALSE
Paige wants to lose weight. The most effective long-term plan is for her to limit her intake of sweet foods.
FALSE
Alternation between wakefulness and sleep depends completely on stimulus in the enviroment
FALSe
What does "endogenous" mean?
Generated from within
Which event would lead to eating a larger than normal meal?
Increasing NPY levels
What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the circadian rhythms?
It's neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves
Most young mammals stop nursing, at least partly, due to the loss of what ability?
Metabolizing the sugar in milk
Which drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism to block opiate receptors and thus reduce the pleasure from alcohol?
Naloxone
Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____________
Narcolepsy
Gala is studying for a quiz on circadian rhythms. She writes in her notes that the two proteins that influence circadian rhythms by building up during the day and declining during sleep are ____________.
PER and TIM
An increase in the size of meals most likely to occur following damage to which area of the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular
Hunger and satiety-sensitive neurons in the arcuate nucleus affect neurons in the _____________, thereby affecting meal size
Paraventricular nucleus
Sometime people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?
Part of the brain is still asleep.
Lena is taking antidepressants that increase her levels of serotonin. What is likely true about her sleep?
She experiences LESS REM sleep
Carlee's EEG recording shows a predominant amount of alpha waves. What is going on?
She is very relaxed but still awake.
Which of the following is most clearly under the control of a circadian rhythm in most animals?
Sleep
Slow wave sleep is comprised of
Stages 3 and 4
CCK limits meal size
TRUE
The activation-synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity
TRUE
The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus
TRUE
Vasporessin increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
TRUE
An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45- minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minute periods of darkness. What is likely to happen?
They sleep poorly during rest periods
Mia wants to take a trip, but she is worried about jet lag. What advice would you give her?
Traveling the west is easier
Which hormone, release by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidney's to reabsorb water?
Vasopressin
What is the best way to determine if the individual who claims to never dream does, in fact, dream?
Wake them up during REM sleep and ask them if they have been dreaming
The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?
When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them
An electroencephalograph displays ______________
a net average of all the neuron's potentials.
A set point refers to ________
a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level
Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing _____________
acetylcholine
Electrical stimulation of a rat's lateral hypothalamus would most liely result in _________
an increase in food seeking behaviors
Professor Bogdan tells his class that it is hypothesized that people use additive drugs to __________
avoid withdrawal symptoms cope with stress feel pleasurable effects
The brain can anticipate an osmotic need before the rest of the body actually experiences it _____
because the stomach can detect high levels of sodium
Emmanuel has periodic limb movement disorder. When does he have the most trouble?
during NREM sleep
After a cut through the midbrain seperates the forebrain and part of the midbrain from all of the lower structures, an animal
enters a prolonged state of sleep
Obesity in Prader-Willi syndrome is linked to a problem with ______
grehlin
Your posterior pituitary is most likely to release antidueretic hormone (ADH) ___
if you are very thirsty
Rob's body temp. fluctuates throughout the day and is usually the lowest __________
in the middle of the night
Vasopressin and Angiotensin II are similar in that they both promote _____________
increased blood pressure
A fever _______
is part of the body's defense against an illness
A disruption of circadian rhythms due to crossing time zones is known as _____________
jetlag
The temperature required by reproductive cells of birds and most mammals is ___________
lower than the rest of the body
Research suggests that REM is
most important for strengthening memories of motor skills
When Arlette is sleeping, her locus coeruleous is _________
mostly inactive
Processes that reduce any discrepancies from the set point are known as
negative feedback
Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to eating ____________
normal sized meals, but eating them more frequently
Kurtis's dog has had damage to the POA/AH. If he gets hot, he will _______
not pant properly and potentially overheat
The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is ________
only one of several systems involved in arousal
The brain gets part of the information regarding low osmotic pressure from _________
receptors around the 3rd ventricle
Larisa has REM behavior disorder. What happens to her during REM sleep?
she moves around as if she is acting out her dreams
Orexin, produced by neurons in the hypothalamus, appears to be necessary for ___________
staying awake
After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body __________
still has rhythms, but they are less consistent
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors operate similarly to ___________
tricylics
One interpretation of how hormone CCK promotes satiety is that it __________
causes the stomach to fill more quickly
Hemostasis is to _________ as allostasis is to __________
constant; variable
Fructose, used in corn syrup as a sweetener, may lead to increased obesity by ________
failing to tripper sastiety
Mammals have circadian rhythms __________
for a variety of activities, including sleep
He tells the class that the pancreas makes ___________ and ___________ that regulat teh flow of glucose into the cells
glucagon; insulin
The concordance rate of schizophrenia among twins in _________
higher in monozygotic than dizygotic twins
The tendency of water to flow across semipermeable membrane from the area of low solute concentration to the area of higher concentration is termed _______
osmotic pressure
After damage in and around the ventromedial hypothalamus, animals are more likely to
overeat and gain weight
For most obese individuals, giving them leptin would _______
produce little effect
When neuropeptide Y inhibits the paraventricular neucleus, it _________
produces extreme overeating
Professor Shculter tells his class that the SCN produces circadian rhythms in a person's body by changing the person's ___________
production of proteins
The circadian rhythms is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual so that they _____________
respond directly to light, but respond slowly
A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during ____________
seasons other than migration