Plant analysis

Concentration in plant tissues decrease with what?

Maturity

What does a biological greenhouse test involve?

Planting the crop in the soil being evaluated

Plant tissue analysis is based on the assumption of what?

Concentrations in the tissue represent the fertility status of the soil

What are some examples of abnormal coloration?

Red, purple, brown or adnormally light or dark green coloration

What is an N-rich strip?

A strip in the field where N is applied at a rate 40 to 50 lbs N above the rest of the field

In biological field tests, treatments are replicated for what?

Accuracy

Field test strips can be used to verify what?

Accuracy of nutrient recommendations

Biological field tests are commonly done by who?

Agricultural scientists developing recommendations

When do you use N-rich strips in winter crops?

Before or after sowing

When do you use N-rich strips in summer crops?

Before or immediately after planting

How is cell sap tests analyzed?

By color treatment colorimetric methods

What are the types of nutrient deficiency symptoms?

Chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, abnormal coloration, and lack of new growth or terminal growth

What nutrient level is the goal?

Critical range

What is lack of new growth or terminal growth?

Death of new growth or flowers

What is necrosis?

Death of plant tissue

What are the five terms used to descrive nutrient levels in plants?

Deficient, critical range, sufficient, and excessive or toxic

What are disadvantages of plant tissue analysis?

Detection of some deficiency may be too late to improve yield, and may be difficult to distinguish deficiency from other stresses

How should samples be kept?

Dry, refrigerated, and uncontaminated

Specific plant parts are collected, dried and ground to be analyzed for what?

Essential elements of interest

Planned treatment "skips" or double application can be a good ________________ soil test.

In the field

Nutrient uptake is reduced when temperatures are cooler because of what?

Mass flow, diffusion, and mineralization are all slow

When plants have no visual deficiencies, that means they are ___________________ deficient but yeild potential can be substantially reduced.

Monderately

What may indicate deficiencies of other nutrients in field test strips?

N-rish strips

In cell sap tests, color development is compared against a standard chart to indicate what?

Nutrient content

Why is growth stage important in plant tissue analysis?

Nutrient needs and demand vary

What are advantages of biological tests?

Provides definite indication of whether the soil can support the plant/crop, and allows evaluation of appropriateness of other factors

How are treatments assigned in biological field tests?

Randomly

What are advantages of evaluation of deficiency symptoms?

Rapid and does not require expensive or elaborate equipment

What plant part is preferred when doing total tissue analysis?

Recently matured leaf

What is stunting?

Reduced plant height

What is plant tissue analysis?

Sampling and analysis of fresh plant parts for certain essential elements

When plants have visual deficiency symptoms, that means they are __________________ nutrient deficient.

Severely

What are the advantages of plant tissue analysis?

Standardized equipment or methods of analysis are used, and an option to moitor the fertility of the soil while the plant is growing

Plant deficiency symptoms may appear when nutrients are not ____________ for plant needs.

Sufficient

What is a biological field test?

Testing crop response at various nutrient application rates/treatments

What are disadvantages of biological tests?

Time consuming, expensive, and fertility status may have changed by the time wide-scale growing in conducted

Moderate deficiences can be identified through what?

Tissue analysis

What is chlorosis?

Uniform or interveinal yellowing

What are disadvantages of evaluation of deficiency symptoms?

Visual symptoms may be caused by deficiency of multiple nutrients or other stresses and symptoms may appear too late to correct the deficiency without yield loss

Are plant analyses performed to help determine relative nutrient-supplying capacity of the soil?

Yes

Are plant analyses performed to identify plant nutrient shortages before they appear as symptoms?

Yes

Are plant analyses performed to quantify the effect of nutrient addition on nutrient concentration in the plant?

Yes

Are plant analyses performed to study the relationship between plant nutrient status and crop performance?

Yes

Are plant analyses performed to verify the accuracy of an assessment of visual deficiency symptoms?

Yes

Are the plant parts selected for total tissue analysis important?

Yes

Can a biological greenhouse test be done in a small area of the field before planting it completely?

Yes

Can a biological greenhouse test be either a pot experiment or a field fertilizer experiment?

Yes

Can early season symptoms disappear over the growing season?

Yes

Is misinterpretation common if sampling time is not identified?

Yes

Is the location of the yellow leaves critical?

Yes