Plant Biology Chapter 3

Which of the following statements concerning endoreduplication is FALSE? a. It may result in gigantic nuclei. b. It involves multiple rounds of DNA synthesis. c. It provides a mechanism for increasing the level of gene expression. d. It may result in thousands of copies of each gene. e. It usually occurs following the differentiation of cells.

a. It may result in gigantic nuclei.

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that eukaryotic cells have: a. a nucleus. b. a cytoplasm. c. a plasma membrane. d. genetic material. e. ribosomes.

a. a nucleus

The ______ in the cell sap are responsible for the red and blue colors of many fruits and vegetables. a. anthocyanins b. carotenoids c. chlorophylls d. calcium oxalate crystals e. oil bodies

a. anthocyanins

The alignment of cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall is controlled by: a. cortical microtubules. b. nuclear microtubules. c. cortical actin filaments. d. nuclear actin filaments. e. cell wall actin filaments.

a. cortical microtubules

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of cell wall layers, beginning with the outermost layer and progressing inward? a. middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wall b. secondary wall, primary wall, middle lamella c. secondary wall, middle lamella, primary wall d. primary wall, middle lamella, secondary wall e. middle lamella, secondary wall, primary wall

a. middle lamella, primary wall, secondary wall

Which of the following is unique to cell division in plants? a. migration of the nucleus to the center of the cell b. migration of the mitochondria to the periphery of the cell c. duplication of the centrosome d. duplication of the mitochondria e. duplication of the endoplasmic reticulum

a. migration of the nucleus to the center of the cell

Stretching of the cell wall can be prevented by the cross-linking of _____ with _____. a. pectins; calcium b. the cytoskeleton; potassium c. microtubules; oligosaccharins d. hemicelluloses; phosphates e. microfilaments; disulfide bridges

a. pectins; calcium

Cyclosis refers to: a. the constant streaming of the cytoplasm. b. the process of cell division. c. that portion of the cytoplasm outside the plasma membrane. d. that portion of the cytoplasm inside the plasma membrane. e. the liquid inside the vacuole.

a. the constant streaming of the cytoplasm

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? a. tonoplast b. mitochondrial membrane c. plasma membrane d. Golgi complex e. nuclear envelope

b. mitochondrial membrane

The ______ is the earliest manifestation of the mitotic spindle. a. preprophase band b. prophase spindle c. phragmosome d. centrosome e. phragmoplast

b. prophase spindle

Which of the following statements concerning actin filaments is FALSE? a. They are composed of protein subunits. b. They lack distinct plus and minus ends. c. They are involved with cell wall deposition. d. They are involved with cytoplasmic streaming. e. They are also called micofilaments.

b. they lack distinct plus and minus ends

Grana are stacks of ______ within chloroplasts. a. prolamellar bodies b. thylakoids c. stroma d. carotenoids e. etioplasts

b. thylakoids

Which of the following lists the correct sequence in which glycoproteins travel through the Golgi complex? a. Trans-Golgi network, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, forming face b. Shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming face, maturing face c. Forming face, shuttle vesicles, maturing face, trans-Golgi network d. Maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network, forming face e. Forming face, maturing face, shuttle vesicles, trans-Golgi network

c. Forming face, shuttle vesicles, nurturing face, trans-Golgi network

Which of the following statements about microtubules is FALSE? a. They are components of the cytoskeleton. b. Their subunits are assembled at microtubule organizing centers. c. Their subunits are arranged in a solid cylinder. d. They are polar structures, with plus and minus ends. e. They exhibit dynamic instability.

c. Their subunits are arranged in a solid cylinder

Sister chromatids become daughter chromosomes at the beginning of: a. prophase. b. metaphase. c. anaphase. d. telophase. e. interphase.

c. anaphase

A ______ has an internal arrangement of nine triplets of microtubules. a. flagellum b. cilium c. basal body d. microfilament e. basal root

c. basal body

In the developing cell plate, the initial polysaccharide is: a. cellulose. b. pectin. c. callose. d. chitin. e. hemicellulose.

c. callose

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in ______ synthesis. a. protein b. glycoprotein c. lipid d. ribosome e. carbohydrate

c. lipid

An interruption in the secondary wall is called a: a. primary pit-field. b. pit membrane. c. pit. d. pit cavity. e. pit-pair.

c. pit

The longest phase of mitosis is always: a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. prophase. d. interphase. e. telophase.

c. prophase

The nucleolus is the structure in which ______ are formed. a. nuclear pores b. chromosomes c. ribosomes d. units of endoplasmic reticulum e. portions of the nuclear envelope

c. ribosomes

Peroxisomes are organelles that: a. evolved from the endoplasmic reticulum. b. possess their own DNA. c. self-replicate d. are bounded by a double membrane. e. possess their own ribosomes.

c. self-replicate

Chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments are embedded in the: a. stroma. b. outer chloroplast membrane. c. thylakoid membranes. d. plasmalemma. e. nucleoids.

c. thylakoid membranes

Which of the following best designates a somatic cell containing 6 chromosomes? a. n = 6 b. n = 12 c. 2n = 3 d. 2n = 6 e. 3n = 6

d. 2n=6

T/F A compound middle lamella may consist of the middle lamella, the two adjacent primary walls, and the first layer of the secondary wall of each cell.

rue

T/F A primary wall contains pit-fields, but a secondary wall contains pits.

true

T/F An expansin is a protein found in the cell wall.

true

T/F Anthocyanins are found in the vacuole.

true

T/F At full metaphase, all chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles.

true

T/F During winter dormancy, root initials are most likely to be in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.

true

T/F Flagella and cilia grow out of basal bodies.

true

T/F If a plant has 50 chromosomes in each of its somatic cells, then each of its gametes will have 25 chromosomes.

true

T/F Micelles are composed of cellulose.

true

T/F Most of the increase in size of a plant cell results from enlargement of the vacuole.

true

T/F Most prokaryotic cells have only one chromosome.

true

T/F Proplastids that contain prolamellar bodies are called etioplasts.

true

T/F Substances contained in Golgi vesicles leave the cell by the process of exocytosis.

true

T/F The cytoskeleton of plant cells consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and, in some cases, intermediate filaments.

true

T/F The largest supramolecular complex assembled in the eukaryotic cell is the nuclear pore.

true

T/F The membrane of a vacuole is called the tonoplast.

true

T/F The most rapid phase of mitosis is anaphase.

true

T/F The phragmosome is a sheet of cytoplasm that anchors the nucleus in the center of the cell prior to nuclear division.

true

If a plant has a diploid chromosome number of 60, how many chromosomes are present in its gametes? a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 60 e. 80

b. 30

Plastids that contain carotenoids but lack chlorophyll are known as: a. etioplasts. b. chromoplasts. c. amyloplasts. d. proplastids. e. chloroplasts.

b. chromoplasts

Which of the following statements about the phragmoplast is FALSE? a. It forms between the two daughter nuclei. b. It is composed of microtubules. c. Its formation precedes the growth of the cell plate. d. It begins to form at the walls of the dividing cell and grows inward. e. In cells with large vacuoles, it is formed within the phragmosome.

d. It begins to form at the walls of the dividing cell and grows inward.

_______first concluded that all cells arise from preexisting cells. a. Theodor Schwann b. Robert Hooke c. Charles Darwin d. Rudolf Virchow e. Matthias Schleiden

d. Rudolf Virchow

DNA replication occurs during the ______ phase. a. G0 b. G1 c. G2 d. S e. M

d. S

In late prophase, sister chromatids are joined by a constriction at the: a. phragmosome. b. preprophase band. c. centriole. d. centromere. e. centrosome.

d. centromere

______ are colorless plastids that are the precursors of other, more highly differentiated plastids. a. Leucoplasts b. Chromoplasts c. Amyloplasts d. Proplastids e. Chloroplasts

d. proplastids

Which of the following statements concerning checkpoints is FALSE? a. Checkpoints control the progression between certain phases of the cell cycle. b. Checkpoints control the rate at which cells are produced. c. Checkpoints enable a cell to sense whether certain conditions have been met. d. Checkpoints involve the control of DNA and protein synthesis. e. Checkpoints differ significantly among eukaryotic cells.

e. Checkpoints differ significantly among eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following statements about the primary wall is FALSE? a. It is deposited before and during cell growth. b. It may contain lignin, suberin, or cutin. c. Actively dividing cells have only primary walls. d. Some mature plant cells have only a primary wall. e. It is usually of uniform thickness.

e. It is usually of uniform thickness.

Which of the following statements concerning callose is FALSE? a. It is deposited in response to mechanical wounding. b. It is associated with aspects of cell division. c. It consists of spirally wound chains. d. It is composed of glucose residues. e. It opens plasmodesmata between contiguous cells.

e. It opens plasmodesmata between contiguous cells.

A pivotal step in programmed cell death is the release of ______ from ______. a. DNA; proplastids b. ATP; mitochondria c. starch; chloroplasts d. secondary metabolites; chloroplasts e. cytochrome c; mitochondria

e. cytochrome c; mitochondria

In plants, flagella are found only in: a. leaves. b. phloem. c. xylem. d. mosses. e. motile sperm.

e. motile sperm

Cellulose synthase is an enzyme situated in the: a. vacuole. b. chloroplasts. c. cell wall. d. mitochondria. e. plasma membrane.

e. plasma membrane

Chromosomes lengthen and become indistinct during: a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. prophase. d. interphase. e. telophase.

e. telophase

During ______, the nuclear envelopes and nucleoli re-form. a. anaphase b. metaphase c. prophase d. interphase e. telophase

e. telophase

In the cell cycle, interphase consists of: a. mitosis and cytokinesis. b. mitosis and the S phase. c. the G1 and G2 phases. d. the G2 and S phases. e. the G1, G2, and S phases.

e. the G1, G2, and S phases.

T/F A protein destined for secretion at the cell surface is packaged at the trans-Golgi network into coated vesicles rather than smooth-surfaced vesicles.

false

T/F In cells that enlarge in all directions more or less uniformly, microfibrils have been deposited perpendicular to the axis of elongation.

false

T/F Once tubulin molecules are joined together they cannot un-join.

false

T/F Polar microtubules are attached to kinetochores.

false

T/F Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having organelles.

false

T/F The outer mitochondrial membrane is called the crista.

false

T/F The product of the cellulose synthase enzyme complex is released into the cytoplasm.

false