Plant Structure & Transport
Apical Bud
A bud at the tip of the plant stem
Collenchyma cells
A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restricting growth
Annual
A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single growing year or season
Perennial
A flowering plant that lives for three or more years
Biennial
A flowering plant that requires two years to complete its life cyxle
Sieve tube elements
A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms
Tracheid
A long tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of pretty much all vascular plants
Taproot
A main vertical root that develops from the embryonic root and gives rise to lateral/branch roots.
Xerophyte
A plant adapted to an arid climate
Node
A point along the stem of the plant at which leaves are attached
Sclerenchyma cells
A rigid supportive plant cell type possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity
Lateral Roots
A root that arises from the pericycle of an established root
Internode
A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached
Vessel elements
A short wide water conducting cell found in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few non flowering vascular plants
Axillary Bud
A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch
Root Hairs
A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals.
Vascular tissue system
A transport system formed by xylem and phloem throughout a vascular plant
Veins
A vascular bundle in a leaf
Stem
A vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of bodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structure
Cuticle
A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevents dedication in terrestrial plants
Root System
All of a plants roots, which anchor it into the soul. Absorbs & transports minerals & water also stores food.
Root
An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.
Cortex
Ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and the dermal tissue in a root or eudicot stem
Pith
Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a system
Tissue system
One or more tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the organs of a plant
Ground tissue system
Plant tissues that are neither vascular or dermal fulfilling a variety of functions such as storage photosynthesis and support
Shoot system
The Aerial portion of a plants body consisting of stems, leaves, and flowers.
Epidermis
The dermal tissue of non-woody plants, usually consisting of a single layer of tightly packed cells
Xylem sap
The dilute solution of water and dissolved minerals carried through vessels and tracheids
Transpiration
The evaporative loss of water from a plant
Guttation
The exudate on of water droplets caused by root pressure in certain plants
Blade
The flattened portion of a typical leaf
Leaf
The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants
Dermal tissue system
The outer protective covering of plants
Periderm
The protective coat that replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed from the cork and cork cambium
Petiole
The stalk of a leaf which joins the lead to a node of the stem
Root Pressure
The upward push of xylem sap in the vascular tissue of roots
Stele
The vascular tissue of a stem or root
Parenchyma cells
Unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products and develops into a more differentiated cell type
Phloem
Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells rearranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant
Xylem
Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant
