Plant Structure & Transport

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Apical Bud

A bud at the tip of the plant stem

Collenchyma cells

A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restricting growth

Annual

A flowering plant that completes its entire life cycle in a single growing year or season

Perennial

A flowering plant that lives for three or more years

Biennial

A flowering plant that requires two years to complete its life cyxle

Sieve tube elements

A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms

Tracheid

A long tapered water conducting cell found in the xylem of pretty much all vascular plants

Taproot

A main vertical root that develops from the embryonic root and gives rise to lateral/branch roots.

Xerophyte

A plant adapted to an arid climate

Node

A point along the stem of the plant at which leaves are attached

Sclerenchyma cells

A rigid supportive plant cell type possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity

Lateral Roots

A root that arises from the pericycle of an established root

Internode

A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached

Vessel elements

A short wide water conducting cell found in the xylem of most angiosperms and a few non flowering vascular plants

Axillary Bud

A structure that has the potential to form a lateral shoot or branch

Root Hairs

A tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Vascular tissue system

A transport system formed by xylem and phloem throughout a vascular plant

Veins

A vascular bundle in a leaf

Stem

A vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of bodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structure

Cuticle

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevents dedication in terrestrial plants

Root System

All of a plants roots, which anchor it into the soul. Absorbs & transports minerals & water also stores food.

Root

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Cortex

Ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and the dermal tissue in a root or eudicot stem

Pith

Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue in a system

Tissue system

One or more tissues organized into a functional unit connecting the organs of a plant

Ground tissue system

Plant tissues that are neither vascular or dermal fulfilling a variety of functions such as storage photosynthesis and support

Shoot system

The Aerial portion of a plants body consisting of stems, leaves, and flowers.

Epidermis

The dermal tissue of non-woody plants, usually consisting of a single layer of tightly packed cells

Xylem sap

The dilute solution of water and dissolved minerals carried through vessels and tracheids

Transpiration

The evaporative loss of water from a plant

Guttation

The exudate on of water droplets caused by root pressure in certain plants

Blade

The flattened portion of a typical leaf

Leaf

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

Dermal tissue system

The outer protective covering of plants

Periderm

The protective coat that replaces the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed from the cork and cork cambium

Petiole

The stalk of a leaf which joins the lead to a node of the stem

Root Pressure

The upward push of xylem sap in the vascular tissue of roots

Stele

The vascular tissue of a stem or root

Parenchyma cells

Unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products and develops into a more differentiated cell type

Phloem

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells rearranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant

Xylem

Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant


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