PM Final Exam Study

The scope of a project should be clear and specific from the start.

False

In the ____________________ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.

bottom-up

The quality planning process involves taking responsibility for quality throughout the projects life cycle.

false

When an information system does not function correctly, it is generally a slight inconvenience.

false

After discovering WBS items and structure using the ____ technique, you could then translate the information into chart or tabular form. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

mind mapping

Key inputs for preparing the project scope statement include the ____________________, requirements documentation, and organizational process assets such as policies and procedures related to scope statements as well as project files and lessons learned from previous, similar projects.

project charter

Factors such as user involvement, clear business objectives, a minimized or clearly defined scope, and firm basic requirements, are elements of ____________________.

project scope management

Of the following constraints, it is most difficult to describe, agree upon, and meet the ____ goal of many projects. a. scope c. cost b. time d. technical

scope

The approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary form the ____________________.

scope baseline

A(n) ____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. a. project charter c. project scope statement b. business case d. work breakdown structure

work breakdown structure

A(n) ____________________ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

work package

The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors will not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.

False

An up-to-date ____ is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope. a. scope management plan c. WBS b. project scope statement d. decomposition

project scope statement

It is easy to create a good WBS.

False

Most people simply accept poor quality from many information technology products.

true

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects.

true

Quality planning implies the ability to anticipate situations and prepare actions that bring about the desired outcome.

true

Testing needs to be done during almost every phase of the systems development life cycle.

true

Project scope statements should include, at a minimum, a product scope description and detailed information on all project deliverables.

False

____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.

CMMI

____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. a. Collecting requirements c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Collecting requirements

____ involves controlling changes to project scope throughout the life of the project, which is a challenge on many information technology projects. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Controlling scope

A WBS is often depicted as a task-oriented pie chart.

False

A project team always organizes the WBS around project products.

False

The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.

False

In the WBS, the name of the entire project is the top box, called Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3

1

In the WBS, the main groupings for the work are listed in Level ____. a. 0 c. 2 b. 1 d. 3

2

____________________ can be used for developing WBSs using the top-down or bottom-up approach.

Mind mapping

____________________ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.

Mind mapping

____ help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

Pareto charts

____________________ involves controlling changes to the project scope.

Scope control

____________________ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

Scope creep

____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. a. Scope verification c. Scope control b. Scope planning d. Scope definition

Scope verification

A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

True

A work package represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.

True

Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

True

The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

True

____________________ is the difference between planned and actual performance.

Variance

____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Verifying scope

In the ____, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. a. top-down approach c. mind-mapping approach b. bottom-up approach d. analogy approach

analogy approach

____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.

benchmarking

The term ____ describes a product produced as part of a project. a. end-product c. deliverable b. scope d. outcome

deliverable

The ____ tasks vary the most from project to project. a. closing c. planning b. monitoring and controlling d. executing

executing

____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer

external failure cost

In a Pareto chart, the variables described by the histogram are ordered chronologically.

false

Integration testing replaces the other forms of testing with a single comprehensive test.

false

If ____________________ for developing a WBS exist, it is very important to follow them.

guidelines

The main tool for performing scope verification is ____________________.

inspection

____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product

maintainability

____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements

process adjustments

The main outputs of scope definition are the ____________________ and project document updates.

project scope statement

____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

reliability

The goal of ____ is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur. a. scope verification c. scope planning b. scope control d. scope definition

scope control

The project scope statement should reference ____________________, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

supporting documents

PMI uses the term "___________________" to describe each level of work in the WBS.

task

Expectations can vary based on an organizations culture or geographic region.

true

If products are accepted, they are considered to be validated deliverables.

true

It is important to clarify what functions and features the system must perform, and what functions and features are optional.

true

Many quality experts believe the main cause of quality problems is the lack of leadership.

true

Minimizing defects does not matter if an organization is making a product that no one wants to buy.

true

____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. a. Planning scope c. Controlling scope b. Defining scope d. Verifying scope

Defining scope

Most information technology products can reach 100 percent reliability

false

Quality is a lower priority than project scope, time, and cost.

false

The ____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. a. project charter c. WBS b. scope statement d. Gantt chart

scope statement

A work package should always represent less than 80 hours of work.

False

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.

False

The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources, and changes.

False

____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling

JAD COMPLETION

If you want some time-based flow for the work, you can create a WBS using the project management process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing as Level 2 in the WBS.

True

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.

True

Lack of user input leads to problems with managing scope creep and controlling change.

True

Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.

True

Many organizations provide guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.

True

Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.

True

Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.

True

The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.

True

The tasks in a WBS do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.

True

You can only enter duration estimates for work packages.

True

____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. a. Prototyping c. RAD b. JAD d. Use case modeling

Use case modeling

Creating the ____________________ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.

WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)

Some project management experts believe that work should not be done on a project if it is not included in the ____________________.

WBS - work breakdown structure - work breakdown structure (WBS)

A(n) ____________________ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.

WBS dictionary

Project managers often use the ____ approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The ____ approach involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

The ____ approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a big-picture perspective. a. analogy c. top-down b. bottom-up d. mind mapping

bottom-up

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

control chart

Good ____ is very important to project success because it helps improve the accuracy of time, cost, and resource estimates, it defines a baseline for performance measurement and project control, and it aides in communicating clear work responsibilities. a. scope planning c. scope definition b. scope management d. scope verification

scope definition

The main outputs of ____________________ are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.

scope definition

Many people confuse tasks on a WBS with ____. a. goals c. responsibilities b. objectives d. specifications

specifications

Modern quality management requires customer satisfaction, prefers prevention to inspection, and recognizes management responsibility for quality.

true

The majority of people in the United States use the internet.

true

Understanding which variables affect outcome is a very important part of quality planning.

true

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment.

true

A(n) ____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

unit test

A(n) ____________________ project scope statement is an important document for developing and confirming a common understanding of the project scope.

up-to-date - up to date -

The main outputs of ____ are accepted deliverables and change requests. a. planning scope c. defining scope b. controlling scope d. verifying scope

verifying scope

The format of the WBS dictionary should be the same from project to project.

False

continuous quality improvement is not a goal of quality assurance

false

There are ____ main processes involved in project scope management. a. three c. five b. four d. six

five

____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.

functionality