PMBOK Ch. 8 - Project QUALITY Management (PQM)
a) Checksheet b) Control Quality
Situation: Collecting data about defects discovered during inspection a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
b
A project manager is using a histogram to analyze defects found by the team during inspection activities. What process is being performed? a) Plan Quality Management b) Control Quality c) Perform Quality Assurance d) Verify Scope
Conformance
An important definition of quality is _____ to requirements.
3
How many PQM processes are encompassed in PQM?
8. Cost-benefit analysis Cost of quality Seven basic quality tools Benchmarking Design of experiments Statistical sampling Additional quality planning tools Meetings
How many tools and techniques are commonly used in the Plan Quality Management process?
PDCA (plan-do-check-act)
In respect to continuous improvement, the _____ cycle is the basis for quality improvement as defined by Shewhart and modified by Deming.
Project, product
PQM works to ensure that the ___________ requirements, including the ___________ requirements, are met and validated
a) Cause and effect diagram b) Perform Quality Assurance note: The key word here is "analyzing," indicating an effort to control a process.
Situation: Analyzing a graphic with an organized series of lines displaying issues that might have led to a defect to examine if the proper process was followed a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Pareto diagram b) Perform Quality Assurance
Situation: Analyzing a chart of problems to find the most frequent one in order to determine if processes need to be improved a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
Quality
Quality or Grade. ...even though they do a great job of protecting the wheels from dirt, which is why you bought them in the first place.
Quality
Quality or Grade. But it's in the shop every two weeks.
Grade
Quality or Grade. The pizza arrived, but it had canned mushrooms.
Quality
Quality or Grade. The pizza was cold.
Quality
Quality or Grade. You called the pizza parlor to complain and the guy yelled at you.
Grade
Quality or Grade. You got a brand new luxury car that cost a whole lot of money.
Quality
Quality or Grade. You ordered mushrooms on your pizza, but got onions.
Grade
Quality or Grade. Your neighbors make fun of you because your chrome hubcaps aren't very classy...
Joseph Juran
Quality theorist who came up with the idea of fitness for use.
a) Scatter diagram b) Control Quality
Situation: Collecting many data points to look at the pattern of relationships or correlation between two variables a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Cost-benefit analysis b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Comparing the expense of quality efforts to the return on that investment a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Checklists b) Control Quality
Situation: Comparing what was done to what was documented as needing to be done a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Checklists b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Creating a list of items to be checked during inspections a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Control chart b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Determining what will be an acceptable range to define a stable performance a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Inspection b) Control Quality
Situation: Examining a work product to make sure it meets standards a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Flowcharting b) Control Quality
Situation: Graphically representing a process to determine where a process that is achieving low-quality results might be failing a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Design of experiments b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Identifying the factors that influence particular variables of a product or process a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Benchmarking b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Looking at the project practices of comparable projects a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Statistical sampling b) Control Quality
Situation: Measuring 4 of the doors produced rather than all 400 a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Cause and effect b) Control Quality note: The key word here is "reviewing" to indicate that this tool is currently in use as a data collection mechanism.
Situation: Reviewing a graphic with an organized series of lines displaying issues or potential issues that might have led to a defect or problem a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Statistical sampling b) Plan Quality Management
Situation: Selecting 3 of 12 activity duration estimates for a work group that will be used to compare planned versus actual a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Histogram b) Control Quality
Situation: Showing data in the form of bars to measure and plot how frequently a problem occurred a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Control chart b) Control Quality
Situation: Taking measurements and comparing them to the upper and lower thresholds of variance a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
a) Pareto diagram b) Control Quality
Situation: Using a bar chart to show how many problems occurred for each cause and arranging them according to the frequency at which the problems occurred a) Name the tool/technique. b) Name the quality management process.
False
T or F. Every project does not have to have a quality management plan.
True
T or F. Lessons learned from previous phases or projects is an example of an organizational process asset that is used as an input to the Plan Quality Management process.
True
T or F. PQM uses policies and procedures to implement the organization's quality management system and it supports continuous process improvement activities as undertaken on behalf of the performing organization.
True
T or F. Quality is defined as conformance to requirements.
True
T or F. While a quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a problem, a low grade of quality may not be a problem.
d
The following are all outputs of Control Quality except: a) Verified deliverables b) Quality control measures c) Validated changes d) Process improvement plan
c
The following are all processes for Project Quality Management except? a) Control Quality b) Plan Quality management c) Collect Requirements d) Perform Quality Assurance
b
The following is NOT a tool & technique for Perform Quality Assurance? a) Quality audits b) Statistical sampling c) Process analysis d) Quality measurement & control tools
c
The following is NOT an input to the Plan Quality Management process? a) Risk Register b) Project management Plan c) Quality metrics d) Requirements documentation
a
The organizational process asset element that may require updating may include? a) Lessons Learned documentation b) Staff meetings c) Contract updates d) Travel standards
Flow charts
These are tools that help you visualize processes and all the decision points.
Rule of Seven
This heuristic says hat seven data points on one side of the mean requires investigation.
Fish Bone Diagram
This tool is for finding the root cause of a defect.
Scatter chart
This tool is used for comparing 2 kinds of data to see if they are related.
Benchmarking
This tool is used in Plan Quality Management to set numeric goals for your project.
Audit
This tool is used to make sure your project is following the company's process.
1. Quality management plan 2. Process improvement plan 3. Quality metrics 4. Quality checklists 5. Project documents updates
What are the 5 outputs from the Plan Quality Management process?
Plan Quality Management (Planning) Perform Quality Assurance (Executing) Control Quality (Monitoring & Controlling)
What are the PQM processes and in which process groups (e.g. Planning) do they belong?
Baseline
What do you compare your work performance information to?
Mean (Average)
What does the middle line on a control chart indicate?
Kaizen
What is a synonym for continuous improvement?
It provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.
What is the key benefit of the Plan Quality Management process?
Quality Control
What is the process where you inspect deliverables to look for defects?
Pareto
What is the tool for finding the 20% of root causes responsible for 80% of defects?
d
What's the difference between Control Quality and Verify Scope? a) Control Quality is done at the end of the project, while Verify Scope is done throughout the project. b) Control Quality is performed by the project manager, while Verify Scope is done by the sponsor. c) Control Quality is performed by the sponsor, while Verify Scope is done by the project manager. d) Control Quality means looking for defects in deliverables, while Verify Scope means verifying that the product is acceptable to the stakeholders.
Control
When a process has data points above the upper limit or below the lower limit, those data points are out of _____.
b
When is inspection performed? a) At the beginning of the project b) Any time a project deliverable is produced c) Just before the final product is delivered d) At the end of the project
b
Which correctly defines Perform Quality Assurance? a) A process audit to planned and systematic quality activities to ensure that the project employs the best in class processes needed to meet standards b) A process audit to ensure quality requirement and the results from control measurements meet quality standards and operational definitions c) Applying all planned and quality standards to ensure quality of grade meets quantitative requirements and control measures d) To confirm applied quality measurements, product variability and quality activities meet contract obligations to deliverables.
c
Which is not an objective of a quality audit? a) Improve implementation of processes b) Share good practices c) Indecision d) Highlight contributions
c
Which is not applicable in satisfying the needs for which the project was undertaken? a) Objectives b) Responsibilities c) Murphy's Law d) Policies
c
Which is not part of the seven basic Quality tools? a) Flowcharts b) Control Charts c) Swim Lanes d) Histograms
c
Which is not true with respect to Process Improvement Plan requirements? a) Describes the purpose, start/end, inputs, outputs, process owner b) Provides a graphic depiction c) Facilitates product reengineering d) Allows analysis of process efficiencies
c
Which of the following BEST describes defect repair review? a) Reviewing the repaired defect with the stakeholder to make sure it's acceptable b) Reviewing the repaired defect with the team to make sure they document lessons learned c) Reviewing the repaired defect to make sure it was fixed properly d) Reviewing the repaired defect to make sure it's within the control limits
b
Which of the following is NOT an example of cost of quality? a) Having team members spend extra time reviewing requirements with the stakeholders b) Paying extra programmers to help meet a deadline c) Hiring extra inspectors to look for defects d) Sending a crew to repair a defective product that was delivered to the client.
c
Which of the following is NOT part of quality? a) Fitness for use b) Conformance to requirements c) Value to the sponsor d) Customer satisfaction
d
Which of the following is NOT part of the Quality Management plan? a) Strategies for handling defects and other quality problems b) Guidance on how the project team will implement the company's quality policy c) Metrics for measuring your project's quality d) A description of which deliverables don't have to be inspected
b
Which of the following tools and techniques is used to show which categories of defects are most common? a) Control charts b) Pareto charts c) Checksheets d) Flowcharts
b
Which tool or technique is used to analyze trends? a) Scatter chart b) Run chart c) Checklist d) Flowchart
The project manager and the project management team
Who is responsible for managing the tradeoffs associated with delivering the required levels of both quality and grade?
Deming
Who is the quality theorist who popularized Plan-Do-Check-Act?
The risk register contains information on threats and opportunities that may impact quality requirements.
Why is the risk register used as an input to the Plan Quality Management process?
a
You are using a control chart to analyze defects when something on the chart causes you to realize that you have a serious quality problem. What is the MOST likely reason for this? a) The rule of seven b) Upper control limits c) Lower control limits d) Plan-Do-Check-Act
b
You look at defects in all of the inspection runs for the past year and notice that you seem to be finding more and more defects per inspection as time goes on. You create a quality task force to try to figure out what is causing the defects. Is this quality tool being used for: a) Control Quality b) Perform Quality Assurance
a
You use a Pareto chart to figure out which root causes are responsible for the most defects in the current batch of Black Boxes. It looks like most of them are coming from a machine calibration problem. So you run them back through the machine after recalibrating it. Is this quality tool being used for: a) Control Quality b) Perform Quality Assurance
b
You use a histogram to look at the root cause category for all defects that have been found over the past year. You find that machine errors are habitually responsible for the largest number of errors across all batches of Black Boxes. You schedule machine calibration checks at the start of every shift to be sure that the machine is always set properly. Is this quality tool being used for: a) Control Quality b) Perform Quality Assurance
b
You're a PM at a wedding planning company. You're working on a large wedding for a wealthy client, and your company has done several weddings in the past that were very similar to the one you're working on. You want to use the results of those weddings as a guideline to make sure that your current project's quality is up to your company's standards. Which tool or technique are you using? a) Checklists b) Benchmarking c) Design of experiments d) Cost-benefit analysis
c
You're managing a highway construction project. The foreman of your building team alerts you to a problem that the inspection team found with one of the pylons, so you use an Ishikawa diagram to try to figure out the root cause of the defect. What process is being performed? a) Quality Management b) Plan Quality Management c) Control Quality d) Flowchart
a
You're managing a project to deliver 10,000 units of custom parts to a manufacturer that uses Just-In-Time management. Which of the following constraints is most important to your client? a) The parts must be delivered on time. b) The parts must be delivered in s specific order. c) The parts must conform to ISO specifications. d) The parts must be packaged separately.
c
You're working with an audit team to check that your company's projects all meet the same quality standards. What process is being performed? a) Plan Quality Management b) Control Quality c) Perform Quality Assurance d) Performa Quality Management
Fitness for use; Joseph Juran
_____ _____ ____ is about making sure that the product you build has the best design possible to fit the customer's needs. This idea came from a quality theorist named _____ _____.
Conformance to requirements; Philip Crosby
_____ _____ _____ is the core of both customer satisfaction and fitness for use. _____ _____ made this idea really important to quality engineering ever since.
Perform Quality Assurance
_____ _____ _____ is the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used.
Plan Quality Management
_____ _____ _____ is the process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.
Customer satisfaction
_____ _____ is about making sure that the people who are paying for the end product are happy with what they get.
Control Quality
_____ _____ is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes.
Prevention
_____ is more important than inspection in Quality Management.
Precision
__________ is a measure of exactness.
Accuracy
__________ is an assessment of correctness.
COQ (cost of quality)
__________ refers to the total cost of the conformance work and the noncomformance work that should be done as a compensatory effort.
