PNEUMOCOSIS

1. What is Sarcoidosis? 2. What parts does it involve? 3. How do most patients with sarcoidosis improve ? 4. what is the treatment for sarcoidosis

1. A disease characterized by the presence of granulomatous tissue. 2. This is a systemic disease which involves eyes, brain, heart, lungs, bones and kidneys, skin, liver and spleen. 3. 85% of these patients improve spontaneously, but 15% may develop progressive fibrosis and respiratory failure 4. Via observation, Prednisolone which is later tapered and continued for 6 months to 1 year.

1. What is Silicosis? 2 . What occupational exposures may result in silicosis?

1. pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust composed of free silicon dioxide (SiO2). 2. mining, enameling, grinding, sandblasting, quarries

Treatment for BErylliosis

Steroids may help in controlling the progression of the disease

Name two types of pneumoconiosis caused by inorganic dust

bisinosis, corn pneumoconiosis

Treatment for Silicatosis?

limit of exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos to 2 fibres/cc or even less

What is CArbocoinoisis?

pneumoconiosis, caused by inhalation of dust, composed of carbonaceous dust: anthracite coal, graphite, soot (anthracosis, graphitosis).

What is Metaloconoisis?

pneumoconiosis, caused by inhalation of metal dust: iron, aluminum, barium, manganese (siderosis, aluminosis, baritosis).

What is Silicatosis?

pneumoconiosis, caused by inhalation of mineral dust, which includes dioxide of silicon and other elements: magnesium, aluminum, iron, calcium (asbestosis, talcosis, kaolinosis, cementosis).

Treatment for Bagassosis(2)?

1. Early disposal of sugar cane flax 2. Bagasse control: by keeping the moisture content above 20% and spraying the bagasse with 2% propionic acid,a widely used fungicide.

1. What is Dust? 2. what is aFibre?

1. Material which is reduced to fine particulate size by various natural or artificial means such as grinding or crushing. 2. a particle the length of which exceeds the diameter by 10 times or more

1. What is Byssinosis? 2. When does the main hazard come from in byssinosis? 3. State 4 occupational exposure of byssinosis

1. Pneumoconoisis due to inhalation of cotton fibre dust over a long period of time. 2. Handling the machines used for cleaning those plant products of their impurities. 3. textile workers with cotton, hemp , flax, jute or kapok

1. Name 4 neuromuscular disorders; diseases affecting muscles of respiration or their nerve supply and their common symptom 2. What is the treatment for these?

1. Poliomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophies. All these lead to dyspnea and respiratory failure. 2. Either treating the underlying cause or assisted ventilation.

State the measures for management Pneumoconoisis treated

1. Prevention because there is no specific treatment 2. Rigorous dust control measure. E.g. PPE, Mask or respiratory with mechanical filters or with oxygen substituition, hydroblasting 3. Regular physical examination of workers

1. What are restrictive lung diseases? 2. What are the 2 groups of restrictive diseases?

1. These are diseases defined by reduced total lung capacity, vital capacity and functional residual capacity, but with preserved air flow. 2. Intrinsic lung diseases (diseases of the lung parenchyma) Extrinsic disorders (extra-parenchymaldiseases) The chest wall, pleura and respiratory muscles

1. What is (Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis? 2. State 4 symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis 3. What is the treatment for pulmonary fibrosis?

1. Thickening of interstitium. Uncommon disease, affects adults in late middle age. 2. i. Progressive exertional dyspnea, later at rest. ii. Non-productive cough. iii. fine inspiratory crackles throughout both lungs. i.v Patient may develop respiratory failure terminally. v. The disease progresses insidiously, median survival 4-6 years. 3. Corticosteroids (Prednisone 1 mg/kg) is standard Therapy, Prednisone dose is lowered over 6-8 weeks and continued at 15 mg for 1-2 years. Addition of Azathioprine( immunosuppresant) may benefit survival. Cyclophosphamide occasionally used. Ancillary therapies such as oxygen and rehabilitation are helpful

1. What is pneumocosis? 2. where does the term pneumocosis come from and where is it derived from? 3. What can the term pneumoconiosis also mean?

1. an occupational lung disease and a restrictive lung disease caused by the inhalation of dust 2. greek-pnuemon meaning lung and konis- dust 3.fibrosis of the lungs due to accumulation of dust of organic or inorganic origin

1. What is Bagassosis? 2. state 2 occupational exposures for bagassosis

1. it is a pneumocosis caused by inhalation of bagasse or sugar-cane dust after the sugar water has been pressed out. It was first reported in Indian in 1955. 2. sugar cane work places and exposure to bagasse.

What is the treatment for Diseases of the chest wall such as kyphosis , ankylosing spondylitis and scoliosis?

Non-invasive or invasive chronic ventilation

What is Berylliosis ?

This is due to exposure to beryllium which is used in nuclear industries and manufacturing of x-ray tubes and aircrafts.