POLI SCI
Democracy
"Government but the people for the people"
Racism
"Institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences"
Which quote from the Constitution provides for a federal system of government
"The powers not delegated in the United States...are reserved to the states"
Politics
"Who gets what, when, and how" Who gets the power and resources in society, and how they get them
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
The founders hoped that the Senate would be
*NOT* more responsive to the public man
Great Compromise
1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems.
Rules
= the "How" in the politics definition
Shay's Rebellion
A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes
Republic
A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives. And these representative are elected by the people
Electoral College
A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
Legislature
A group of people who have the power to make laws
Social Democracy
A hybrid system that combines a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality
Naturalization
A legal process to obtain citizenship
Bill of Rights
A listing of the protections against government infringement of individual rights guaranteed to the citizens by the government
Constitutional Convention
A meeting held in 1787 to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation; resulted in the drafting of the Constitution.
Conservative
A person who favors more limited and local govt, less govt regulation of the markets and more social conformity to traditional norms and values.
Liberal
A person whose views favor more govt involvemnt in business, social welfare, minority rights, &increased govt spending
The free exercise clause is controversial because
A persons right to engage in religious activities may conflict with a persons right not to engage in religious activities
What is the definition of affirmative action?
A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination
Federalism
A political system in which authority is divided between different levels of government i.e. (National and state)
Which of the following statements best describes the constitutional right to privacy?
A right to privacy is not spelled out clearly in the constitution, but many people argue the right is implied
The Federalist Papers
A series of newspaper editorials written to encourage people to support and vote for the new constitution
Confederation
A system in which each state would retain almost all of its own power to to what it wanted
Participatory Democracy
A system of democracy in which all members of a group or community participate collectively in making major decisions.
Cooperative Federalism
A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. AKA Marble cake.
Federalist
A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.
Anti-Federalist
A term used to describe those against the Constitution
Communist Democracy
A utopian system in which property is communally owned and all decisions are made democratically.
The federal government's ability to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the:
Ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly
Although still faced with discrimination, which group of Americans has made the most progress when it comes to having increased representation in political positions?
African Americans
Non-Suspect Classifications
Age, Wealth, Sexual Orientation, disability, political preferences, political affiliation
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)
Checks and Balances
Allows each of the branches to police the others so that one doesn't become to powerful
The Declaration of Independence
An act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved."
Laws that treat men and women differently are subject to:
An intermediate standard of review
The founders adopted a federal political system:
As a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments
According to the text, congressional policy toward Native Americans has historically varied between:
Assimilating Native Americans into a European-based culture and encouraging independence and self-government
A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is
Authoritarian Government
A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is an
Authoritarian Government
When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising
Authority
When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising:
Authority
The impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was to:
Authorize the segregation of whites and blacks
The debate over the new immigration laws in Arizona mentioned in "whats at stake.. in State" efforts to stop illegal immigration" pertain to
B and C
The major point of the contention between the federalist and anti-federalists concerned with the:
Balance of power between the federal and state government
Ideologies
Basic beliefs about government
Why do many Americans find it difficult to identify themselves as conservatives or liberals?
Because they consider themselves liberal on some issues and conservative on other issues
Values
Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).
Most americans acquire U.S citizenship by:
Birth
Federal Funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called:
Block Grants
Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called
Block Grants
The new deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to:
Business and the Economy
Regulated Capitalism
Capitalist economy, and individual freedom from the gov. Allows the gov. to step in a regulate the economy
What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?
Categorical grants provide very detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance requirements for the sates, while block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend the grant money
According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy?
Citizen consent
According to the social contract, what is the source of governments legitimacy?
Citizen consent
What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?
Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations
Totalitarian
Combines an authoritarian gov., with a socialist economy
gibbons v. ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the:
Commerce clause of the constitution very broadly
What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?
Compared with categorical grants, block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend grants-in-aid money.
The necessary and proper clause of the U.S constitution states that:
Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers
The necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution states that
Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers.
Which of the following is true about categorical grants?
Congress members can often take credit for being leaders on certain policy issues because of them
Which Interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this Statement illustrate "The most stringent....Causing panic"
Constitutional Protections of liberty are not absolute
Article III of the Constitution
Creates the Supreme Court but allows congress to establish lower courts
Cooperative federalism is a theory that:
Defines state and national powers as interdependent, requiring the cooperation of each other to get things done
De Jure
Discrimination based on Law Ex: Segregated Restrooms
De Facto
Discrimination based on Tradition or habit
Which of the following statements is NOT true concering discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic idenity in the United States?
Discrimination has driven all groups to be mostly members of the democratic party
The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is:
Dual Federalism
The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the
ELITE Theory of Democracy
Under the three-fifths compromise:
Each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives
Socialist economy
Economic Decisions are not made by individuals through the market, but rather by the polititians
In an___________ form of democracy, the role of citizens is limited to choosing among predetermined competing leaders
Elite
The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the __________ theory of democracy.
Elite
The Great Compromise
Established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation in the senate and representation by state population in the House
The exclusionary rule is the supreme court rule that states that:
Evidence seized in violation of a defendants constitutional rights cannot be used to obtain a conviction
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of
Factions
The controversy over the No child left behind act is related to:
Federalism
In an attempt to make the black codes unconstitutional, the _________ Amendment was passed, which stated, in part, that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or deny any person equal protection of the law.
Fourteenth
Quasi-Suspect Classifications
Gender, Legitimacy
Authoritarian Government
Gives Ultimate power the the state rather than the people
Devolution
Gives more power and responsibility back to the state governments
Social Contract
Giving up some rights in exchange for protection of the rest of their rights by a govenment
A system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people
Government
What did James Madison mean when he stated that the founders needed to discover "a republican remedy for those diseases most incident to republican government" ?
Government had to contain the will of the people even though it was based on the will of the people
The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is
Groups
The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as
Habeas Corpus
The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is know as:
Habeas corpus
Compared to other minorities, Asian Americans:
Have lower levels of voter turnout and registration
Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as
Immigrants
Civil Liberties
In general civil liberties protect our right to think and act without government influence
In the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling, the supreme court:
Incorporated the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel and made it apply to all states
The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to:
Increase the power of the national government
Which of the following is NOT a main actor in the resolution of conflicts about rights?
Industry
The organizations where government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place
Institutions
The supreme court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life-support:
Is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves
Authority
Is a power that citizens view as legitimate
Govenment
Is a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton argued that the Judiciary would be the least threatening branch of government because
It had the power to nullify legislation to what hamilton called the "least dangerous" branch is not in the Constitution
Which of the following statements reflects the major significance of the writ of habeas corpus?
It indicates the founders commitment to protecting some rights
The significance of suspect classification is that:
It is crucial in a group's struggle for civil rights
Which of the following is NOT offered by the textbook as a reason that free speech is valuable?
It is good for economic development
Which of the following statements is true concerning age discrimination?
It is unlawful to discriminate against people up to seventy years of age in employment unless age can be shown to be relevant to the job in question.
The delegate to the Constitutional convention who had the greatest impact on the document was
James Madison
The delegate to the Constitutional Convention who had the greatest impact on the document was
James Madison.
The delegate to the constitutional convention who had the greatest impact on the document was
James Madison? Not Thomas Jefferson
The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of "the pursuit of happiness" because
Jefferson was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect.
Introduced the notion of social contract
John Locke
The Declaration of Independence reflects the political philosophy of
John Locke.
Positive Liberty
Liberty is expanded whenever a persons control over his/her own life is expanded
The enumerated powers are:
Listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution
In declaring all men to be equal, the authors of the Declaration of Independence followed Locke in all of the following EXCEPT
Locke condemned slavery.
During the Reconstruction period, southerners sought to:
Maintain power and the status quo
The Americans with Disabilities Act was controversial because:
Many of the required changes in physical accommodations are extremely expensive to install
The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is:
Membership in groups
The Classic conception of equality is based on
Merit
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding public opinion on gay and lesbian rights?
More people oppose same-sex adoption than same-sex marriage
The founders hoped that the Senate would be____ the house of represenatives
More stable than
Citizens
More than "Subjects". members of a political community with rights as well as obligations
Confederal governments are usually found today in:
Multinational relationships
Australia is an example of a
NOT a mixed System
Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is:
Narrower because of our shared political culture
One effect of casino gambling on reservations is that:
Native Americans have achieved new financial prosperity by parlaying their status as semi-sovereign nations
The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S citizen is known as :
Naturalization
The _____ plan proposed equal representation for all states in the legislature
New Jersey
According to the "Consider the Source" feature in Chapter 3, what is the relationship between newspaper articles, editorials, and columns?
Newspaper articles are written to avoid bias, whereas editorials and columns make one-sided arguments.
According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because:
No faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way
What are the competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States:
One view holds that individual participation in government should be limited because human nature is over self-interested, while the other view places faith in the citizens ability to act virtuously
citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives
Participatory Theory of Democracy
The legal methods used to deny African Americans the right to vote, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, were overcome by:
Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution
Authoritarian Capitalism
People have economic freedom but stringent social regulations
Immigrants
People who are citizen or subjects of another country
Refugees
People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.
Libertarians
People who believe that only minimal government action in any sphere is acceptable
Economic Liberals
People who favor government regulation of business and government spending for social programs
Miranda v. Arizona held that:
Police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning
The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as:
Political correctness
Which of the following statements is true regarding political culture and political ideology?
Political culture unites us, whereas political ideology divides us
Factions
Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties.
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between politics and government described in the text?
Politics is the process or activity through which power is gained and lost, while government is a system for exercising authority over a body of people
Social Order
Politics is the process through which we try to arrange our collective lives in some kind of social order. Live without crashing into each other at every turn
Both Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans have:
Population diversity
Americans Tend to believe in
Procedural Guarantees by government
Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promises of particular outcomes, are
Procedural Gurantees
Economics
Production and Distribution of society's wealth
Libertarians would oppose all of the following uses of government power except:
Protection of private property
Categorial Grant
Provides very detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance requirements for the states
Suspect Classifications
Race, National Origin, Religion, Allegiance
The new deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by:
Redefining the purpose of American government
Political Culture
Refers to the general political orientation or disposition of a nation. Shared values and beliefs about the nature of the political world that gives us a common language in which to discuss and debate political ideas
Individuals coming to the united states seeking asylum are known as
Refugees
Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?
Regulated Capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights
Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?
Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights
The imminent Lawless action test is used for
Regulating political Speech
James Madison believed that individual citizens could not always be trusted to make decisions to control government and that the United States should set up a _______, a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people
Republic
Americans belief in freedom is defined as freedom from:
Restraint by the government
Jim Crow laws were significant because they:
Restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
According to the text, the major difference between the three major theories of democracy is over the:
Roles of the people
How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how" ?
Rules can be thought of as the how
How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"
Rules can be thought of as the how
How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"
Rules can be thought of as the how.
The "What's at Stake... in Marriage Equality?" in Chapter 5 focuses on:
Same-sex marriage
In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that:
Segregated schools were inherently unequal
The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called:
Separation of powers
In Federalist No. 51, what government structure did James Madison recommend to ensure "ambition...be made to counteract ambition"?
Separation of powers among the branches of federal government
The major impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that it:
Served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement
The significance of the Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 is that
Showed that the government was not truly committed to protecting speech that criticized government
Which of the following states were the first to ratify the constitution?
Small States
which of the following were generally first to ratify the constitution
Small States
The biggest winners under the Articles of Confederation were
Small farmers and artisans
Which of the following states were generally first to ratify the Constitution?
Small states
Many European countries follow the theory of _____, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality.
Social Democracy
Many european countries follow the theory of ____ , which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality
Social Democracy
Refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives
Social Order
John Locke's theory was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good
Social contract
______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives.
Social order
Jim Crow Laws
Southern States passed Poll Taxes, Literacy Test, and Grandfather Clauses
In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court ruled that:
State sodomy laws are a violation of the right to privacy
The supreme court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to:
Strike down racial segregation in the states
_____ require that the government have a compelling state interest for treating people differently.
Suspect classifications
The establishment clause guarantees:
That government will not create and support an official state church
Which of the following is an example of a procedural policy?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Power
The ability to get other people to do what you want them too
Negative Liberty
The absence of Restraint from the government
The colonists did treat Native Americans well for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
The colonists did not consider the Native Americans to be truly human
According to the Miller Test
The courts must base the definition of obscenity on local standards
It is difficult to know when to apply the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment because:
The definitions of "cruel" and "unusual" are difficult to establish
Civil Rights
The extension of government action to secure citizenship rights to all members of society
The most fundamental difference between the federalist and anti federalist was the belief of:
The federalists in the central role of self-interest in human behavior
The source of authority cited by the supreme court for applying this Bill of rights to the states is:
The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution
Which of the following statements is true concerning age discrimination ?
The government can discriminate on the basis of age even if it is relevant for the job in question
It is difficult for the supreme court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because:
The meaning of obscenity is so subjective that wide disagreement exists
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were:
The most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country
The rulings of the supreme court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of
The power of the national government
Shay's Rebellion Demonstrated
The rebellion seemed to foreshadow the failure of their grand experiment in self-governance and led to the calling of the constitutional convention ***
Reproductive rights would be an example of:
The right to privacy
Procedural Guarantees
The the rules will work smoothly and fairly
All of the following statements concerning pay and price equity are true EXCEPT
The wage gap is growing wider
Popular sovereignty
There are no people higher than the people
Which of the following arguments made in the Federalist Papers was clearly rejected?
There was no need for a Bill of Rights in the Constitution
Which of the following is NOT a reason why members of congress want to make policies that influence or control the states?
They feel that state legislators are only out for their own interests, not the interests of the state or country
Congress has ben reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because:
This type of grant allows states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals
Communitarians
Those who favor a strong substantive government role in the economy and the social order in order to realize their vision of a community of equals.
What is are the most basic obligations of citizens in a democracy?
To obey the law
Absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life is a
Totalitarian Government
Bicameral Legislature
Two chambers the House and the Senate.
A _____system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power
Unitary
Central Government ultimately has all the power
Unitary
Great Britain is an example of a
Unitary System
In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, for the most part the Supreme Court has:
Usually made it harder for the government to suppress speech
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population
The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of the "pursuit of happiness" because Jefferson:
Was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect
During World War II, some Japanese Americans:
Were placed in internment camps for national security purposes
The concepts of strict scrutiny and suspect classification are used by the Supreme Court to answer what question?
When can the law treat people differently?
Individual v. Society
When my rights conflict with society Ex: My right NOT to wear a helmet but the governments right to make laws to protect me
Substantive Guarantees
When the gov. insures that certain outcomes, or results, will happen
Individual v. Individual
When your rights conflict with mine Ex: when your right to pray starts at my right not to pray
The significance of the Federalist papers is that:
Without them the states might not have ratified the constitution
Social conservatives would agree with all of the following EXCEPT
a significant use of government power to affect the economy.
Advanced Industrial Democracies
a system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerable amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market (though still usually regulated) economy
Elite Democracy
a theory of democracy that limits the citizens role to choosing among leaders. After a leader is chosen the average citizen's input doesn't matter
The fact that the federal government was able to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the
ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly.
Judicial Review
allows the supreme court to rule that an act of congress or the executive branch as unconstitutional
A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is
an authoritarian government.
A set of beliefs about politics, the economy, and society that helps people make sense of their world is called
an ideology
Pluralist Democracy
an interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups
Concurrent Power
are powers that can be exercised by both levels of government
Dual Federalism
argues that the relationship between the two levels of government was like a "Layer Cake". that is that the national and state level of government were to be understood as two self contained layers
The founders adopted a federal system
as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments
The founders adopted a federal system
as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments.
New Jersey Plan
asked for a reinforcement, not a replacement, of the Article of the Confederation
The impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was to
authorize the segregation of whites and blacks
A major debate between the Federalist and Anti-Federalists concerned the
balance of power between the federal and state government
A major debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists concerned the
balance of power between the federal and state governments.
Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called
block grants.
The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to
business and the economy.
Under the Fourth Amendment, police officers seeking to conduct a search
can search a car without warrant if they have probable cause to believe a crime was committed
According to the social contract, what is the source of governments legitimacy
citizens must consent to it
Block Grant
combines broad program requirements and regulations with funding from the federal treasury `
Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the
commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly.
A _____ system is one in which the local units hold all of the power , and the central government is dependent on them for its existence
confederal
According to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence ,rights are:
conferred on individuals by nature
The necessary and proper clause of the U.S Constitution states that
congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers
Enumerated powers of Congress
congressional powers specifically named in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8)
Article III of the Constitution
creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.
The civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s was most successful in eliminating _______, but was far less successful in eliminating _____.
de jure discrimination; de facto dicrimination
The civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s was most successful in eliminating ______, but was far less successful in eliminating ______.
de jure discrimination; de facto discrimination
Gibbons v. Ogden
deciding that new york did not have the right to create a steamboat monopoly on the hudson river
Americans believe that the relationship between fairness and democracy is :
decisions are fair because they are made democratically
Cooperative federalism is a theory that
defines state and national powers as interdependent, requiring the cooperation of each other to get things done
McCulloch v. Maryland
dispute whether congress had the power to charter a bank and whether the state of Maryland had the power to tax that bank. Congress voted in favor of McCulloch
According to the federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former:
divided power between the federal and state governments
According to the Federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former
divided power between the federal and state governments.
The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is
dual federalism.
Under the three-fifths compromise,
each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation.
In 2008 and 2010 the supreme court ruled that the second amendment:
establishes an individual right to bear arms
According to the exclusionary rule
evidence that was obtained unlawfully by the police cannot be used against the defendant in court
Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as
factions
Groups of people motivated by common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as
factions
Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as
factions.
One of the great advantages of American Federalism over the years has been the
flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy
One of the great advantages of American federalism over the years has been the
flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy.
The supreme courts rulings in favor of devolution ended:
following the attacks of Sept 11, 2001
The supreme courts rulings in favor of devolution ended
following the attacks of Sept 11th
Americans belief in freedom is defined as
freedom from restraint by the government
Americans' belief in freedom is defined as
freedom from restraint by the government.
In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a fair trial, the supreme court has
generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings
In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a far trial, the supreme court has:
generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings
The supreme court has
generally protected freedom of expression on the internet
Necessary and Proper Clause
gives congress to make any laws that they see a necessary and proper
One reason for the growth of the national government's power and influence has been
heightened expectations and demands placed on the federal government.
Confederal governments are usually found today
in multinational relationships.
The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to
increase the power of the national government.
The significance of the Gibbons v. Ogden ruling is that it:
increased the power of the federal government
Subjects
individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights, in authoritarian systems
McCulloch v. Maryland increased the power of the federal government by
interpreting the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution very broadly.
John Locke
introduced the notion of a social contract
The textbook concludes that the current status of federalism
is characterized by a contradictory mix of rhetoric about moving power back to the states and new national initatives
Judicial Power
is the power to interpret laws and to judge whether they have been broken
Unfunded Mandates
it imposes specific policy requirements on the states but does not provide a way to pay for those activities
The lack of immigration from Asia during much of the first half of the twentieth century can be attributed most directly to
legislation passed by Congress that restricted immigration from China and Japan
In the United States
legislative, executive, and judicial power are handled by separate institutions
In the United States,
legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions.
Written defamation of character is known as
libel
The enumerated powers are
listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.
The Americans with Disabilities Act was controversial because
many of the required changes in physical accommodations are extremely expensive to install
The ultimate impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans was that
many slaves earned freedom during the war, but in the aftermath of the war they did not find their lot greatly improved.
Separation of Powers
means that the legislative, judicial, and executive powers are not exercised by the same person or group of people. So that one person of group cant abuse any power
The founders hoped that the Senate would be ______ the House of Representatives.
more stable than
Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is
narrower because of our shared political culture.
Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of ideological spectrum in the united states is
narrower because of our shared political cutlure
The Supreme Court has interpreted the ______ clause of the Constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what Congress can do.
necessary and proper
The Supreme court has interpreted the ______ clause of the constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what congress can do
necessary and proper
According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because
no faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way.
The supreme court's ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it:
opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy
During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by the:
people
The tax levied as a requirement for voting was the _____ tax.
poll
According to the test, the importance of society's political culture is that:
provides a framework in which citizens can disagree politically without violence
The supreme court has ruled that
public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public
When suing for libel, the supreme court has ruled that:
public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public
The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by
redefining the purpose of American Government
The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by
redefining the purpose of American government.
The importance of political culture is that it
reduces conflict in society
The importance of political culture is that it
reduces conflict in society.
According to the text, liberals are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for
reducing economic inequality
According to the text, "liberals" are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for
reducing economic inequality.
Individuals coming to the United States seeking asylum are known as
refugees
Economic Conservatives
reluctance to allow government interference in peoples private lives, but they combine this with a conviction that government should limit involvement in the economy
Jim Crow laws were significant because they
restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the fourtneeth and fifteenth amendments
Supremacy Clause
says that the Constitution and laws made in accordance with them are "the supreme law of the land"
The Constitution
says very little about state power
The constitution
says very little about state power
_____ describes the process of applying the bill of rights to the states on a case-by-case basis
selective incorporation
The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the united states see humans acting out of
self-interest versus public good
The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of
self-interest versus public good.
The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called
separation of powers.
The major impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that it
served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement
The enumerated powers are important because they
show the founders commitment to creating a strong national government
The enumerated powers are important because they
showed the founders' commitment to creating a strong national government.
The way the founders treated slavery in the Constitution indicated that
slavery was such a divisive issue they did not dare mention it directly at the convention
The way the founders treated slavery in the constitution indicated that
slavery was such a divisive issue they did not dare to mention it directly at the convention
The biggest winners under the articles of confederation were
small farmers and artisans
John Locke's theory of the ______ was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good
social contract
The federal government has been able to use categorical grants to coerce states into doing what it wants most of the time because
states have become financially dependent on this aid.
The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to
strike down racial segregation in the states.
Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are
substantive gurantees
The establishment clause guarantees
that government will not create and support an official state church
The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution states that
the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
The founders intended the people to have influence over public policy through
the House of Representatives.
Power is defined in your text as
the ability to get other people to do what you want
Power is defined in your text as
the ability to get other people to do what you want.
An interesting result of the obscenity debate has been
the alliance of conservatives and radical feminist in opposition to obscenity
Although the constitution provides or both national and state powers
the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787
Although the Constitution provides for both national and state powers,
the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787.
Unitary System
the central government essentially has all the power
The supremacy clause of the U.S constitution states that
the constitution is the supreme law of the land
The supremacy clause of the US constitution states that:
the constitution is the supreme law of the land
The central democratic institution of the elite theory of democracy is
the electoral process.
Amendability
the founders provision for a method of amendment, or change, that allows the constitution to grow and adapt to new circumstances
Confederal Systems
the local governments hold all the power and the central gov depend on them for existence
The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that:
the market controls economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas politicians make economic decisions in socialist economies
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention
the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were
the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country.
During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by
the people.
The rulings of the Supreme Court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of
the power of the national government.
Reproductive rights are considered an example of
the right to privacy
The major difference between the three major theories of democracy is over
the role of the people
Support of Capital punishment has been weakening in the UnitedStates mostly due to public concern that:
the system might be executing innocent people
Popular Tyranny
the unrestrained power of the people
Congress has been reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because
they allow states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals.
James Madison believed that factions were particularly dangerous to a republic because
they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other.
Social Conservatives
those who endorse limited government control of the economy but considerable government intervention to realize a traditional social order; based on religious values and hierarchy rather than equality
Social Liberals
those who favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of progress
In the early years of the new deal, the supreme court ruled that many new deal programs were:
unconstitutional
Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called
unfunded mandates.
A ______ system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power.
unitary
Great Britain is an example of a ____ system
unitary
The amendment process for the Constitution
was designed to allow growth and change but not to be too easy.
The amendment process for the constitution:
was designed to allow the growth and change but not to be too easy
Nullification
was the idea that the states could render national laws null if they disagreed with them
James Madison thought that average citizens
were not likely to put the communities interest above their own individual interests
James Madison thought that average citizens
were not likely to put the community's interests above their individual interests.
In the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court ruled that many New Deal programs
were unconstitutional.
Individualism means or implies all of the following EXCEPT
what is good for the individual follows from what is good for society.
Early Colonist came to America:
with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives
Early colonists came to America
with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives.
Incorporation is important because
without it states could pass laws that violate the bill of rights
The significance of the Federalist Papers is that
without them the states might not have ratified the Constitution.
