POLI SCI

Democracy

"Government but the people for the people"

Racism

"Institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences"

Which quote from the Constitution provides for a federal system of government

"The powers not delegated in the United States...are reserved to the states"

Politics

"Who gets what, when, and how" Who gets the power and resources in society, and how they get them

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

The founders hoped that the Senate would be

*NOT* more responsive to the public man

Great Compromise

1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems.

Rules

= the "How" in the politics definition

Shay's Rebellion

A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes

Republic

A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives. And these representative are elected by the people

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Legislature

A group of people who have the power to make laws

Social Democracy

A hybrid system that combines a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality

Naturalization

A legal process to obtain citizenship

Bill of Rights

A listing of the protections against government infringement of individual rights guaranteed to the citizens by the government

Constitutional Convention

A meeting held in 1787 to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation; resulted in the drafting of the Constitution.

Conservative

A person who favors more limited and local govt, less govt regulation of the markets and more social conformity to traditional norms and values.

Liberal

A person whose views favor more govt involvemnt in business, social welfare, minority rights, &increased govt spending

The free exercise clause is controversial because

A persons right to engage in religious activities may conflict with a persons right not to engage in religious activities

What is the definition of affirmative action?

A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

Federalism

A political system in which authority is divided between different levels of government i.e. (National and state)

Which of the following statements best describes the constitutional right to privacy?

A right to privacy is not spelled out clearly in the constitution, but many people argue the right is implied

The Federalist Papers

A series of newspaper editorials written to encourage people to support and vote for the new constitution

Confederation

A system in which each state would retain almost all of its own power to to what it wanted

Participatory Democracy

A system of democracy in which all members of a group or community participate collectively in making major decisions.

Cooperative Federalism

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. AKA Marble cake.

Federalist

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

Anti-Federalist

A term used to describe those against the Constitution

Communist Democracy

A utopian system in which property is communally owned and all decisions are made democratically.

The federal government's ability to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the:

Ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly

Although still faced with discrimination, which group of Americans has made the most progress when it comes to having increased representation in political positions?

African Americans

Non-Suspect Classifications

Age, Wealth, Sexual Orientation, disability, political preferences, political affiliation

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

Checks and Balances

Allows each of the branches to police the others so that one doesn't become to powerful

The Declaration of Independence

An act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were "Free and Independent States" and that "all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved."

Laws that treat men and women differently are subject to:

An intermediate standard of review

The founders adopted a federal political system:

As a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments

According to the text, congressional policy toward Native Americans has historically varied between:

Assimilating Native Americans into a European-based culture and encouraging independence and self-government

A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is

Authoritarian Government

A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is an

Authoritarian Government

When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising

Authority

When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising:

Authority

The impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was to:

Authorize the segregation of whites and blacks

The debate over the new immigration laws in Arizona mentioned in "whats at stake.. in State" efforts to stop illegal immigration" pertain to

B and C

The major point of the contention between the federalist and anti-federalists concerned with the:

Balance of power between the federal and state government

Ideologies

Basic beliefs about government

Why do many Americans find it difficult to identify themselves as conservatives or liberals?

Because they consider themselves liberal on some issues and conservative on other issues

Values

Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something).

Most americans acquire U.S citizenship by:

Birth

Federal Funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called:

Block Grants

Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called

Block Grants

The new deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to:

Business and the Economy

Regulated Capitalism

Capitalist economy, and individual freedom from the gov. Allows the gov. to step in a regulate the economy

What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?

Categorical grants provide very detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance requirements for the sates, while block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend the grant money

According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy?

Citizen consent

According to the social contract, what is the source of governments legitimacy?

Citizen consent

What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?

Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations

Totalitarian

Combines an authoritarian gov., with a socialist economy

gibbons v. ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the:

Commerce clause of the constitution very broadly

What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?

Compared with categorical grants, block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend grants-in-aid money.

The necessary and proper clause of the U.S constitution states that:

Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers

The necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers.

Which of the following is true about categorical grants?

Congress members can often take credit for being leaders on certain policy issues because of them

Which Interpretation of the Bill of Rights does this Statement illustrate "The most stringent....Causing panic"

Constitutional Protections of liberty are not absolute

Article III of the Constitution

Creates the Supreme Court but allows congress to establish lower courts

Cooperative federalism is a theory that:

Defines state and national powers as interdependent, requiring the cooperation of each other to get things done

De Jure

Discrimination based on Law Ex: Segregated Restrooms

De Facto

Discrimination based on Tradition or habit

Which of the following statements is NOT true concering discrimination on the basis of race or ethnic idenity in the United States?

Discrimination has driven all groups to be mostly members of the democratic party

The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is:

Dual Federalism

The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the

ELITE Theory of Democracy

Under the three-fifths compromise:

Each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation in the House of Representatives

Socialist economy

Economic Decisions are not made by individuals through the market, but rather by the polititians

In an___________ form of democracy, the role of citizens is limited to choosing among predetermined competing leaders

Elite

The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the __________ theory of democracy.

Elite

The Great Compromise

Established a legislature with equal state representation in the Senate and representation in the senate and representation by state population in the House

The exclusionary rule is the supreme court rule that states that:

Evidence seized in violation of a defendants constitutional rights cannot be used to obtain a conviction

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of

Factions

The controversy over the No child left behind act is related to:

Federalism

In an attempt to make the black codes unconstitutional, the _________ Amendment was passed, which stated, in part, that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law, or deny any person equal protection of the law.

Fourteenth

Quasi-Suspect Classifications

Gender, Legitimacy

Authoritarian Government

Gives Ultimate power the the state rather than the people

Devolution

Gives more power and responsibility back to the state governments

Social Contract

Giving up some rights in exchange for protection of the rest of their rights by a govenment

A system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people

Government

What did James Madison mean when he stated that the founders needed to discover "a republican remedy for those diseases most incident to republican government" ?

Government had to contain the will of the people even though it was based on the will of the people

The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is

Groups

The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as

Habeas Corpus

The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is know as:

Habeas corpus

Compared to other minorities, Asian Americans:

Have lower levels of voter turnout and registration

Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as

Immigrants

Civil Liberties

In general civil liberties protect our right to think and act without government influence

In the Gideon v. Wainwright ruling, the supreme court:

Incorporated the Sixth Amendment's guarantee of the right to counsel and made it apply to all states

The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to:

Increase the power of the national government

Which of the following is NOT a main actor in the resolution of conflicts about rights?

Industry

The organizations where government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place

Institutions

The supreme court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life-support:

Is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves

Authority

Is a power that citizens view as legitimate

Govenment

Is a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton argued that the Judiciary would be the least threatening branch of government because

It had the power to nullify legislation to what hamilton called the "least dangerous" branch is not in the Constitution

Which of the following statements reflects the major significance of the writ of habeas corpus?

It indicates the founders commitment to protecting some rights

The significance of suspect classification is that:

It is crucial in a group's struggle for civil rights

Which of the following is NOT offered by the textbook as a reason that free speech is valuable?

It is good for economic development

Which of the following statements is true concerning age discrimination?

It is unlawful to discriminate against people up to seventy years of age in employment unless age can be shown to be relevant to the job in question.

The delegate to the Constitutional convention who had the greatest impact on the document was

James Madison

The delegate to the Constitutional Convention who had the greatest impact on the document was

James Madison.

The delegate to the constitutional convention who had the greatest impact on the document was

James Madison? Not Thomas Jefferson

The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of "the pursuit of happiness" because

Jefferson was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect.

Introduced the notion of social contract

John Locke

The Declaration of Independence reflects the political philosophy of

John Locke.

Positive Liberty

Liberty is expanded whenever a persons control over his/her own life is expanded

The enumerated powers are:

Listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution

In declaring all men to be equal, the authors of the Declaration of Independence followed Locke in all of the following EXCEPT

Locke condemned slavery.

During the Reconstruction period, southerners sought to:

Maintain power and the status quo

The Americans with Disabilities Act was controversial because:

Many of the required changes in physical accommodations are extremely expensive to install

The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is:

Membership in groups

The Classic conception of equality is based on

Merit

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding public opinion on gay and lesbian rights?

More people oppose same-sex adoption than same-sex marriage

The founders hoped that the Senate would be____ the house of represenatives

More stable than

Citizens

More than "Subjects". members of a political community with rights as well as obligations

Confederal governments are usually found today in:

Multinational relationships

Australia is an example of a

NOT a mixed System

Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is:

Narrower because of our shared political culture

One effect of casino gambling on reservations is that:

Native Americans have achieved new financial prosperity by parlaying their status as semi-sovereign nations

The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S citizen is known as :

Naturalization

The _____ plan proposed equal representation for all states in the legislature

New Jersey

According to the "Consider the Source" feature in Chapter 3, what is the relationship between newspaper articles, editorials, and columns?

Newspaper articles are written to avoid bias, whereas editorials and columns make one-sided arguments.

According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because:

No faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way

What are the competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States:

One view holds that individual participation in government should be limited because human nature is over self-interested, while the other view places faith in the citizens ability to act virtuously

citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives

Participatory Theory of Democracy

The legal methods used to deny African Americans the right to vote, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, were overcome by:

Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution

Authoritarian Capitalism

People have economic freedom but stringent social regulations

Immigrants

People who are citizen or subjects of another country

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Libertarians

People who believe that only minimal government action in any sphere is acceptable

Economic Liberals

People who favor government regulation of business and government spending for social programs

Miranda v. Arizona held that:

Police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning

The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as:

Political correctness

Which of the following statements is true regarding political culture and political ideology?

Political culture unites us, whereas political ideology divides us

Factions

Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between politics and government described in the text?

Politics is the process or activity through which power is gained and lost, while government is a system for exercising authority over a body of people

Social Order

Politics is the process through which we try to arrange our collective lives in some kind of social order. Live without crashing into each other at every turn

Both Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans have:

Population diversity

Americans Tend to believe in

Procedural Guarantees by government

Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promises of particular outcomes, are

Procedural Gurantees

Economics

Production and Distribution of society's wealth

Libertarians would oppose all of the following uses of government power except:

Protection of private property

Categorial Grant

Provides very detailed instructions, regulations, and compliance requirements for the states

Suspect Classifications

Race, National Origin, Religion, Allegiance

The new deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by:

Redefining the purpose of American government

Political Culture

Refers to the general political orientation or disposition of a nation. Shared values and beliefs about the nature of the political world that gives us a common language in which to discuss and debate political ideas

Individuals coming to the united states seeking asylum are known as

Refugees

Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

Regulated Capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights

Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights

The imminent Lawless action test is used for

Regulating political Speech

James Madison believed that individual citizens could not always be trusted to make decisions to control government and that the United States should set up a _______, a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people

Republic

Americans belief in freedom is defined as freedom from:

Restraint by the government

Jim Crow laws were significant because they:

Restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments

According to the text, the major difference between the three major theories of democracy is over the:

Roles of the people

How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how" ?

Rules can be thought of as the how

How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"

Rules can be thought of as the how

How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"

Rules can be thought of as the how.

The "What's at Stake... in Marriage Equality?" in Chapter 5 focuses on:

Same-sex marriage

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that:

Segregated schools were inherently unequal

The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called:

Separation of powers

In Federalist No. 51, what government structure did James Madison recommend to ensure "ambition...be made to counteract ambition"?

Separation of powers among the branches of federal government

The major impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that it:

Served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement

The significance of the Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 is that

Showed that the government was not truly committed to protecting speech that criticized government

Which of the following states were the first to ratify the constitution?

Small States

which of the following were generally first to ratify the constitution

Small States

The biggest winners under the Articles of Confederation were

Small farmers and artisans

Which of the following states were generally first to ratify the Constitution?

Small states

Many European countries follow the theory of _____, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality.

Social Democracy

Many european countries follow the theory of ____ , which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality

Social Democracy

Refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives

Social Order

John Locke's theory was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good

Social contract

______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives.

Social order

Jim Crow Laws

Southern States passed Poll Taxes, Literacy Test, and Grandfather Clauses

In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court ruled that:

State sodomy laws are a violation of the right to privacy

The supreme court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to:

Strike down racial segregation in the states

_____ require that the government have a compelling state interest for treating people differently.

Suspect classifications

The establishment clause guarantees:

That government will not create and support an official state church

Which of the following is an example of a procedural policy?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Power

The ability to get other people to do what you want them too

Negative Liberty

The absence of Restraint from the government

The colonists did treat Native Americans well for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

The colonists did not consider the Native Americans to be truly human

According to the Miller Test

The courts must base the definition of obscenity on local standards

It is difficult to know when to apply the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment because:

The definitions of "cruel" and "unusual" are difficult to establish

Civil Rights

The extension of government action to secure citizenship rights to all members of society

The most fundamental difference between the federalist and anti federalist was the belief of:

The federalists in the central role of self-interest in human behavior

The source of authority cited by the supreme court for applying this Bill of rights to the states is:

The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution

Which of the following statements is true concerning age discrimination ?

The government can discriminate on the basis of age even if it is relevant for the job in question

It is difficult for the supreme court to determine the exact meaning of obscenity because:

The meaning of obscenity is so subjective that wide disagreement exists

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were:

The most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country

The rulings of the supreme court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of

The power of the national government

Shay's Rebellion Demonstrated

The rebellion seemed to foreshadow the failure of their grand experiment in self-governance and led to the calling of the constitutional convention ***

Reproductive rights would be an example of:

The right to privacy

Procedural Guarantees

The the rules will work smoothly and fairly

All of the following statements concerning pay and price equity are true EXCEPT

The wage gap is growing wider

Popular sovereignty

There are no people higher than the people

Which of the following arguments made in the Federalist Papers was clearly rejected?

There was no need for a Bill of Rights in the Constitution

Which of the following is NOT a reason why members of congress want to make policies that influence or control the states?

They feel that state legislators are only out for their own interests, not the interests of the state or country

Congress has ben reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because:

This type of grant allows states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals

Communitarians

Those who favor a strong substantive government role in the economy and the social order in order to realize their vision of a community of equals.

What is are the most basic obligations of citizens in a democracy?

To obey the law

Absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life is a

Totalitarian Government

Bicameral Legislature

Two chambers the House and the Senate.

A _____system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power

Unitary

Central Government ultimately has all the power

Unitary

Great Britain is an example of a

Unitary System

In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, for the most part the Supreme Court has:

Usually made it harder for the government to suppress speech

Virginia Plan

Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population

The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of the "pursuit of happiness" because Jefferson:

Was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect

During World War II, some Japanese Americans:

Were placed in internment camps for national security purposes

The concepts of strict scrutiny and suspect classification are used by the Supreme Court to answer what question?

When can the law treat people differently?

Individual v. Society

When my rights conflict with society Ex: My right NOT to wear a helmet but the governments right to make laws to protect me

Substantive Guarantees

When the gov. insures that certain outcomes, or results, will happen

Individual v. Individual

When your rights conflict with mine Ex: when your right to pray starts at my right not to pray

The significance of the Federalist papers is that:

Without them the states might not have ratified the constitution

Social conservatives would agree with all of the following EXCEPT

a significant use of government power to affect the economy.

Advanced Industrial Democracies

a system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerable amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market (though still usually regulated) economy

Elite Democracy

a theory of democracy that limits the citizens role to choosing among leaders. After a leader is chosen the average citizen's input doesn't matter

The fact that the federal government was able to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the

ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly.

Judicial Review

allows the supreme court to rule that an act of congress or the executive branch as unconstitutional

A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is

an authoritarian government.

A set of beliefs about politics, the economy, and society that helps people make sense of their world is called

an ideology

Pluralist Democracy

an interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups

Concurrent Power

are powers that can be exercised by both levels of government

Dual Federalism

argues that the relationship between the two levels of government was like a "Layer Cake". that is that the national and state level of government were to be understood as two self contained layers

The founders adopted a federal system

as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments

The founders adopted a federal system

as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments.

New Jersey Plan

asked for a reinforcement, not a replacement, of the Article of the Confederation

The impact of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision was to

authorize the segregation of whites and blacks

A major debate between the Federalist and Anti-Federalists concerned the

balance of power between the federal and state government

A major debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists concerned the

balance of power between the federal and state governments.

Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called

block grants.

The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to

business and the economy.

Under the Fourth Amendment, police officers seeking to conduct a search

can search a car without warrant if they have probable cause to believe a crime was committed

According to the social contract, what is the source of governments legitimacy

citizens must consent to it

Block Grant

combines broad program requirements and regulations with funding from the federal treasury `

Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the

commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly.

A _____ system is one in which the local units hold all of the power , and the central government is dependent on them for its existence

confederal

According to John Locke and the Declaration of Independence ,rights are:

conferred on individuals by nature

The necessary and proper clause of the U.S Constitution states that

congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers

Enumerated powers of Congress

congressional powers specifically named in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8)

Article III of the Constitution

creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.

The civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s was most successful in eliminating _______, but was far less successful in eliminating _____.

de jure discrimination; de facto dicrimination

The civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s was most successful in eliminating ______, but was far less successful in eliminating ______.

de jure discrimination; de facto discrimination

Gibbons v. Ogden

deciding that new york did not have the right to create a steamboat monopoly on the hudson river

Americans believe that the relationship between fairness and democracy is :

decisions are fair because they are made democratically

Cooperative federalism is a theory that

defines state and national powers as interdependent, requiring the cooperation of each other to get things done

McCulloch v. Maryland

dispute whether congress had the power to charter a bank and whether the state of Maryland had the power to tax that bank. Congress voted in favor of McCulloch

According to the federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former:

divided power between the federal and state governments

According to the Federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former

divided power between the federal and state governments.

The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is

dual federalism.

Under the three-fifths compromise,

each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation.

In 2008 and 2010 the supreme court ruled that the second amendment:

establishes an individual right to bear arms

According to the exclusionary rule

evidence that was obtained unlawfully by the police cannot be used against the defendant in court

Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as

factions

Groups of people motivated by common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as

factions

Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as

factions.

One of the great advantages of American Federalism over the years has been the

flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy

One of the great advantages of American federalism over the years has been the

flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy.

The supreme courts rulings in favor of devolution ended:

following the attacks of Sept 11, 2001

The supreme courts rulings in favor of devolution ended

following the attacks of Sept 11th

Americans belief in freedom is defined as

freedom from restraint by the government

Americans' belief in freedom is defined as

freedom from restraint by the government.

In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a fair trial, the supreme court has

generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings

In the conflict between media access to a trial and a defendant's right to a far trial, the supreme court has:

generally permitted press access to most stages of the legal proceedings

The supreme court has

generally protected freedom of expression on the internet

Necessary and Proper Clause

gives congress to make any laws that they see a necessary and proper

One reason for the growth of the national government's power and influence has been

heightened expectations and demands placed on the federal government.

Confederal governments are usually found today

in multinational relationships.

The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to

increase the power of the national government.

The significance of the Gibbons v. Ogden ruling is that it:

increased the power of the federal government

Subjects

individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights, in authoritarian systems

McCulloch v. Maryland increased the power of the federal government by

interpreting the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution very broadly.

John Locke

introduced the notion of a social contract

The textbook concludes that the current status of federalism

is characterized by a contradictory mix of rhetoric about moving power back to the states and new national initatives

Judicial Power

is the power to interpret laws and to judge whether they have been broken

Unfunded Mandates

it imposes specific policy requirements on the states but does not provide a way to pay for those activities

The lack of immigration from Asia during much of the first half of the twentieth century can be attributed most directly to

legislation passed by Congress that restricted immigration from China and Japan

In the United States

legislative, executive, and judicial power are handled by separate institutions

In the United States,

legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions.

Written defamation of character is known as

libel

The enumerated powers are

listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.

The Americans with Disabilities Act was controversial because

many of the required changes in physical accommodations are extremely expensive to install

The ultimate impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans was that

many slaves earned freedom during the war, but in the aftermath of the war they did not find their lot greatly improved.

Separation of Powers

means that the legislative, judicial, and executive powers are not exercised by the same person or group of people. So that one person of group cant abuse any power

The founders hoped that the Senate would be ______ the House of Representatives.

more stable than

Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is

narrower because of our shared political culture.

Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of ideological spectrum in the united states is

narrower because of our shared political cutlure

The Supreme Court has interpreted the ______ clause of the Constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what Congress can do.

necessary and proper

The Supreme court has interpreted the ______ clause of the constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what congress can do

necessary and proper

According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because

no faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way.

The supreme court's ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it:

opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy

During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by the:

people

The tax levied as a requirement for voting was the _____ tax.

poll

According to the test, the importance of society's political culture is that:

provides a framework in which citizens can disagree politically without violence

The supreme court has ruled that

public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public

When suing for libel, the supreme court has ruled that:

public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public

The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by

redefining the purpose of American Government

The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by

redefining the purpose of American government.

The importance of political culture is that it

reduces conflict in society

The importance of political culture is that it

reduces conflict in society.

According to the text, liberals are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for

reducing economic inequality

According to the text, "liberals" are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for

reducing economic inequality.

Individuals coming to the United States seeking asylum are known as

refugees

Economic Conservatives

reluctance to allow government interference in peoples private lives, but they combine this with a conviction that government should limit involvement in the economy

Jim Crow laws were significant because they

restricted rights of African Americans even after the passage of the fourtneeth and fifteenth amendments

Supremacy Clause

says that the Constitution and laws made in accordance with them are "the supreme law of the land"

The Constitution

says very little about state power

The constitution

says very little about state power

_____ describes the process of applying the bill of rights to the states on a case-by-case basis

selective incorporation

The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the united states see humans acting out of

self-interest versus public good

The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of

self-interest versus public good.

The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called

separation of powers.

The major impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision was that it

served as a catalyst for the civil rights movement

The enumerated powers are important because they

show the founders commitment to creating a strong national government

The enumerated powers are important because they

showed the founders' commitment to creating a strong national government.

The way the founders treated slavery in the Constitution indicated that

slavery was such a divisive issue they did not dare mention it directly at the convention

The way the founders treated slavery in the constitution indicated that

slavery was such a divisive issue they did not dare to mention it directly at the convention

The biggest winners under the articles of confederation were

small farmers and artisans

John Locke's theory of the ______ was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good

social contract

The federal government has been able to use categorical grants to coerce states into doing what it wants most of the time because

states have become financially dependent on this aid.

The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to

strike down racial segregation in the states.

Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are

substantive gurantees

The establishment clause guarantees

that government will not create and support an official state church

The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

The founders intended the people to have influence over public policy through

the House of Representatives.

Power is defined in your text as

the ability to get other people to do what you want

Power is defined in your text as

the ability to get other people to do what you want.

An interesting result of the obscenity debate has been

the alliance of conservatives and radical feminist in opposition to obscenity

Although the constitution provides or both national and state powers

the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787

Although the Constitution provides for both national and state powers,

the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787.

Unitary System

the central government essentially has all the power

The supremacy clause of the U.S constitution states that

the constitution is the supreme law of the land

The supremacy clause of the US constitution states that:

the constitution is the supreme law of the land

The central democratic institution of the elite theory of democracy is

the electoral process.

Amendability

the founders provision for a method of amendment, or change, that allows the constitution to grow and adapt to new circumstances

Confederal Systems

the local governments hold all the power and the central gov depend on them for existence

The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that:

the market controls economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas politicians make economic decisions in socialist economies

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention

the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were

the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country.

During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by

the people.

The rulings of the Supreme Court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of

the power of the national government.

Reproductive rights are considered an example of

the right to privacy

The major difference between the three major theories of democracy is over

the role of the people

Support of Capital punishment has been weakening in the UnitedStates mostly due to public concern that:

the system might be executing innocent people

Popular Tyranny

the unrestrained power of the people

Congress has been reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because

they allow states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals.

James Madison believed that factions were particularly dangerous to a republic because

they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other.

Social Conservatives

those who endorse limited government control of the economy but considerable government intervention to realize a traditional social order; based on religious values and hierarchy rather than equality

Social Liberals

those who favor greater control of the economy and the social order to bring about greater equality and to regulate the effects of progress

In the early years of the new deal, the supreme court ruled that many new deal programs were:

unconstitutional

Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called

unfunded mandates.

A ______ system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power.

unitary

Great Britain is an example of a ____ system

unitary

The amendment process for the Constitution

was designed to allow growth and change but not to be too easy.

The amendment process for the constitution:

was designed to allow the growth and change but not to be too easy

Nullification

was the idea that the states could render national laws null if they disagreed with them

James Madison thought that average citizens

were not likely to put the communities interest above their own individual interests

James Madison thought that average citizens

were not likely to put the community's interests above their individual interests.

In the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court ruled that many New Deal programs

were unconstitutional.

Individualism means or implies all of the following EXCEPT

what is good for the individual follows from what is good for society.

Early Colonist came to America:

with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives

Early colonists came to America

with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives.

Incorporation is important because

without it states could pass laws that violate the bill of rights

The significance of the Federalist Papers is that

without them the states might not have ratified the Constitution.