Policy 201 Final

Prevalence of mental illness

1 in 5 adults, or 18.6%

Purpose and target population: Medicaid

A primary pathway through which many Americans will gain access to healthcare is through the expansion of Medicaid eligibility to all individuals. Medical care and services for low-income individuals, mandated by the Social Security Act in 1965, While Medicaid covers poor families and children, almost 70% of costs are for elderly people and people with disabilities.

Community Mental Health Center Act- direction and impact

Act passed by Congress (President Kennedy) in 1963. This transferred mental health care from state hospitals to communities (Provided federal funding for community centers to care for discharged patients from deinstitutionalization.

What is meant by an entitlement program and disentitlement

An entitlement: government program that provides personal financial benefits to potential beneficiaries having a legal right when they meet eligibility conditions that are specified by the standing law that authorizes the program. Bureaucratic disentitlement: consequently deny benefits to people who are eligible for them

Definition of abuse and neglect

Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation or An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm

What populations are the largest beneficiaries of Medicaid

Beginning in 2014, states must cover everyone under age 65 with income up to 138% poverty line.

Purpose and target population: CHIP

Children's Health Insurance Program, enacted in 1997, provides funds for uninsured children in families whose incomes are too high to qualify for Medicaid, but below 200% of poverty level

Old Age and Survivors and Disabled Worker Insurance (OASDI)

Disabled worker, spouse, and child-beneficiary who worked in covered employment long enough to be insured and who had been working recently in covered employment prior to disability onset

The Eugenics movement in relation to mental health

Eugenics Science or movement that advocates the use of practices aimed at improving the genetic composition of a population. Promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable characteristics from the population, many state laws required mentally ill to be sterilized.

When and under what administration was the Social Security Act passed.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Social Security Act passed in 1935 (provided assistance to the elderly poor, dependent children, blind, and some disabled children)

What is the War on Drugs and what has been its most significant outcomes

Government interdiction of supplies, aimed at eliminating the substance, treatment programs deployed to diminish the demand for illegal drugs Observers of urban poverty described a deterioration in inner-city communities .

Trends in mental health funding post 1980s

Have decreased significantly.

What programs were included in the original Social Security Act

It included two parts: social insurance (long-term program) and public assistance (short-term program)

How does the United states rank in health care spending and outcomes

Little is spent on prevention, US system is the most expensive in the world because we have the most advanced medical capability.

What strategies have been used to contain escalating health care costs

Managed Care: Health Maintenance Organizations; Preferred Provider Organizations, Point of Service Exclusive Provider Organization, Independent Practice Association, The Network Model, Physician-Hospital Organization

US incarceration rates

Mass incarceration is the outcome on several police, such as war on drugs, mandatory sentencing, immigrant detention.

Identify the major Public Assistance programs along with the population targeted, benefits offered, and eligibility.

Medicaid (federal health insurance for the poor) Medicare (Health insurance for the aged) TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) SNAP (food stamps)

The Social Security Act has grown, been amended and expanded to include both social insurance and public assistance programs

Medicaide, TANF, and SSI

Identify programs with highest federal expenditures

More folks receive social insurance and higher benefit level means more cost. US spends 14x more on social insurance programs than public assistance programs.

Who pays for most health care costs in the US

Most health care costs in the United States are paid for by: Private insurers, public plans, and the public provision of health care.

What are the most common forms of health insurance coverage for Americans

Most health insurance coverage is through employment, government programs available to people who are poor and the elderly and non-group market.

What is meant by mental health parity

New legislation to support mental health care Employers with more than 50 employees must offer mental health insurance to the same extent they offer physical health insurance.

What is meant by the "new Penology"

New penology embraces increased reliance on imprisonment; merges concerns for surveillance and custody; shifts away from a concern with punishing individuals to managing aggregates of dangerous groups

What programs were added to the Social Security Act in subsequent years (be able to name and describe the basic benefit, beneficiary covered; and eligibility for each program)

Old Age and Survivors and Disabled Worker Insurance (OASDI) Unemployment Insurance (UI) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for the aged, disabled, and blind Public assistance to to families with dependent children (AFDC to now TANF) Health insurance for the aged (Medicare) Federal health insurance for the poor (Medicaid)

What are the major arguments against public assistance programs

One major criticism of TANF is that analysts feel most welfare recipients are unlikely to obtain or keep jobs paying wages that will lift them out of poverty even after education and training programs. Conservatives complain about the costs of public assistance, yet social insurance consume far more resources

Unemployment Insurance (UI)

Overseen federally, run by each state. Provide temporary/partial wage replacement for workers who are involuntarily unemployed, stimulates economy during recessions (unemployed cont to purchase goods).

Relationship between AFDC and TANF

Public assistance to to families with dependent children (AFDC to now TANF)

What is meant by the "best Interest of the child" principle

Refers to the deliberation that courts undertake when deciding what type of services, actions, and orders will best serve a child as well as who is best suited to take care of a child

Proportion of US population that are home owners, renters, and homeless

Renters spend a disproportionate amount of their monthly income on rent, roughly 50%

Arguments for the legalization of drugs

Rise in states making it legal or at least decriminalizing it.

What is a single-payer system

Single-payer national health insurance, also known as "Medicare for all," is a system in which a single public or quasi-public agency organizes health care financing, but the delivery of care remains largely in private hands.

What is the difference between a social insurance program and a public assistance program.

Social Insurance: Collectively funded program for workers and their dependents that provides economic resources at the conclusion of employment. Public assistance programs: subject to means tests & are based entirely on need

Common child welfare services

TANF Food and nutrition: WIC School Lunch SNAP Health Care: MEDICAID Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Maternal Health Care Affordable Care Act

What are the basic provisions of the Affordable Care Act

The ACA will fill existing gaps in coverage by providing for an expansion of Medicaid for adults with incomes at or below 138% of poverty in states that choose to expand, building on employer-based coverage, and providing premium tax credits to make private insurance more affordable for many with incomes between 100-400% of poverty

What is the Low income Housing Tax Credit Program

The LIHTC program effectively uses tax policy to help develop affordable rental housing for low and very low-income families. Originally part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the LIHTC program leverages private capital and investor equity to support the development of new and rehabilitated affordable rental housing.

What is the benchmark for affordable housing

The benchmark for housing affordability is that no household should spend more than 30% of their after-tax income on housing.

Purpose and target population for the major public health care programs: Medicare

The largest health care program, part of the social insurance system, designed for people eligible to receive Social Security benefits. Nearly all of the elderly are insured by Medicare.

What is gentrification

When young professional and white-collar workers begin to move to lower-income areas that are usually composed of minority groups in sections of cities.

Populations most at risk for child maltreatment

White 44.8%, African-American 21.9%, Hispanic (21.4%) However, victims of African-American, American Indian or Alaska Native, and multiple racial descent had the highest rates of victimization at 14.6, 11.0, and 12.7 victims, respectively, per 1,000 children in the population of the same race or ethnicity.

What are the elements of the National Low-income Housing Coalition platform

housing assistance, end homelessness by linking housing with services to support recovery and self-sufficiency Provide permanent and adequate supply of affordable housing Preserve and improve federally assisted affordable homes for people with low incomes Provide opportunity for resident control of housing Preserve neighborhoods and end displacement (ie: gentrification) End economic and racial segregation through affirmative housing programs and the enforcement of fair housing laws Reform federal tax laws to give priority to aiding people with the greatest housing needs Provide financing needed to preserve/build/rehabilitate housing

What are permanency goals

is the goal of either quickly returning the child to a safe home or placing the child for adoption in a safe home.

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for the aged, disabled, and blind

provide a minimum guaranteed income to elderly, blind and/or disabled (not subs abuse) who were low-income. Must also be below a certain income. Program is administered as state-fed partnership. Feds set limits but state agencies manage and determine eligibility.