POLS 5

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

C) Domestic

"Democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other." This statement constitutes an example of a(n) ______ level of analysis of war. A) Rational B) Interstate C) Domestic D) Individual

preserving the oceans is a difficult collective goods problem, but has been solved in part by

"enclosing" more of the ocean interritoral waters through the 200-mile limit

According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a (1) _______ picture of international relations, the state level generates a (2) ________ image a. (1)comprehensive (2) less coherent b. (1)detailed (2)overarching c. (1)atomized (2)coherent d. (1)robust (2) differentiated

(1) comprehensive and less coherent

states can exclude others from entering which of the following

12 mile limit from the coast line and airspace (A and C)

the metaphor known as "the tradgedy of the commons" is widely used to explain the impact of human behavior on ecological systems. it is derived from what occured int

19th century British villages

a state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coast line

200 miles

B) difference, postmodern, liberal

A ___________ feminist focuses on valorizing the feminine and valuing the unique contributions of women as women, a _____________ feminist tends to reject the assumptions about gender made by other feminist, and a ________________ feminist seek to include women more often as a subject of study. A) postmodern, revolutionary, militarist B) difference, postmodern, liberal C) revolutionary, pacifist, militarist D) liberal, constructivist, postmodern

A) True

A central player among Syrian rebels in the Syrian civil war is an Islamist faction. A) True B) False

B) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage

A current example of a collective-goods problem is that_________________. A) states have a hard time communicating B) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage C) stated find it hard to cooperate on monetary policy D) poverty is common around the globe

A) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank

A current example of a lingering dispute is ________. A) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank B) the Hungarian-Romanian dispute, heightened by Saami migration C) the Argentine-Chilean dispute, worsened by the expansion of Chilean oil exploration D) the Soviet-American conflict, fueled by the proliferation of nuclear weapons

A) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports

A current example of a naval blockade is the ________. A) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports B) Spanish blockade of Gibraltarian ports C) Turkish blockade of Qatari ports D) Mexican blockade of U.S. ports in Texas

C) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports

A current example of a naval blockade is the ________. A) Mexican blockade of U.S. ports in Texas B) Spanish blockade of Gibraltarian ports C) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports D) Turkish blockade of Qatari ports

D) Association of South East Asian Nations

A current example of a regional IGO is the _________. A) Central Asian Union B) Norther Hemisphere Common Market C) United Nations D) Association of South East Asian Nations

A) True

A current example of an international regime is the International Monetary Fund. A) True B) False

B) False

A current example of religious conflict is the use of force by the Sri Lanken government against Tibetans. A) True B) False

A) India

A example of a state that either acknowledges having nuclear weapons or that has exploded a nuclear weapon? A) India B) Austria C) Japan D) Turkmenistan

C) India

A example of a state that either acknowledges having nuclear weapons or that has exploded a nuclear weapon? A) Japan B) Turkmenistan C) India D) Austria

A) human

A general weakness in U.S. intelligence gathering activities exists in the area of _______ intelligence. A) human B) electronic C) signal D) satellite

A) human

A general weakness in U.S. intelligence gathering activities exists in the area of _______ intelligence. A) human B) signal C) satellite D) electronic

D) Mercantilism

A historical practice in which foreign economic policies and trade were manipulated to build up a monetary surplus that could be used to finance war, _______ influences many states' foreign policies. A) Nationalism B) Lateral pressure C) Economic growth D) Mercantilism

A) a group of elected politicians who

A nation is NOT a __________ share characteristics such as language and culture. A) a group of elected politicians who B) collection of territories which C) set of relationships which D) group of people who

B) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states

A security dilemma occurs when _______________. A) budget constrains don't allow for proper domestic security means B) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states C) governments are unable to decide on a comprehensive security strategy D) supply lines are threatened

A) True

A sibling who achieves the position of power through a struggle between his/her siblings is an example of dominance. A) True B) False

A) 200 miles

A state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coastline? A) 200 miles B) 12 miles C) 100 miles D) 5 miles

A) True

A war over control of the rules of the international system as whole is a hegemonic war. A) True B) False

Liberal states try to reach accommodations with other liberal states because liberal states are presumed to represent their citizens.

According to Doyle, what condition sufficiently explains why liberal states do not go ti war against each other?

anything that can create future income

According to Gilpin, wealth is

A) peace

According to IR research, a unipolar power distribution appears to be best at maintaining _________________. A) peace B) diplomacy

When nations focus their energies on their own defenses.

According to Jervis, what condition most favors stability and cooperation?

A) Pacific federation

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific federation B) Pacific society C) World Peace D) Peaceful zone

Pacific federation

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific federation B) Pacific society C) World Peace D) Peaceful zone

A) Pacific federation

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific federation B) World Peace C) Peaceful zone D) Pacific society

D) All of the above

According to Keohane and Martin, what is wrong with Mearsheimer's assertion that NATO and the EU are likely to decline following the end of the Cold War? A) It disregards the significant material resources that major governments have invested in institutions like NATO, the EU, and GATT B) Mearsheimer's only explanation for the willingness of states to invest in these institutions is the delusion and hostility toward realism of American policymakers C) NATO and the EU are now expanding their membership, and are therefore hardly in decline D) All of the above

B) All of the above

According to Keohane and Martin, what is wrong with Mearsheimer's assertion that NATO and the EU are likely to decline following the end of the Cold War? A) NATO and the EU are now expanding their membership, and are therefore hardly in decline B) All of the above C) Mearsheimer's only explanation for the willingness of states to invest in these institutions is the delusion and hostility toward realism of American policymakers D) It disregards the significant material resources that major governments have invested in institutions like NATO, the EU, and GATT

D) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

According to Keohane and Martin, when do states construct international institutions? A) Only when powerful states want to increase their trade position with less powerful states B) Only when great powers want to use these institutions to unilaterally enact their own foreign policy more efficiently C) Only when great powers are in need of a military alliance D) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

A) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

According to Keohane and Martin, when do states construct international institutions? A) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation B) Only when great powers are in need of a military alliance C) Only when great powers want to use these institutions to unilaterally enact their own foreign policy more efficiently D) Only when powerful states want to increase their trade position with less powerful states

An understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power.

According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without

C) an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power

According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without A) an understanding of the difference between international and domestic politics B) a recognition that matters such as economics and ethics are intricately tied to politics C) an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power D) an appreciation of how ideologies affect political actions E) an emphasis on the role that contingency and irrationality play in human affairs

C) The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept

According to Morgenthau, what differentiates the study of politics from other branches of learning? A) Politics can be understood without reference to other fields of thought B) Politics incorporates the economic, the religious, and the moral as essential elements of its nature C) The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept D) The lessons of political theory have no applicability to the lives of average persons E) The study of politics is the study of human beings because human nature is essentially political

The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept.

According to Morgenthau, what differentiates the study of politics from the other branches of learning?

Prudence

According to Morgenthau, what is the "supreme virtue in politics"?

B) prudence

According to Morgenthau, what is the "supreme virtue in politics"? A) self-interest B) prudence C) power D) balance E) stability

B) a balance of power

According to Morgenthau, which of the following conditions is most likely to generate stability and peace in a realist world? A) moving beyond a system in which nation states are the key actors B) a balance of power C) changing human nature through education to make it less warlike D) a spread of democracy throughout the world E) the emergence of a world government to eliminate anarchy from the system

D) the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

According to Oye, what is the effect of introducing more players into a game? A) it would enhance the feasibility of strategies of reciprocity B) the likelihood of defection decrease substantially C) it would negate the possibility of mutual benefit D) the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

D) the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

A) True

According to Schumpeter, export monopolists push for imperialist expansion as a way to expand their closed markets A) True B) False

true

According to Schumpeter, export monopolists push for imperialist expansion as a way to expand their closed markets A) True B) False

C) (1)comprehensive (2) less coherent

According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a (1)______________________picture of international relations, the state level generates a (2)__________________image. A) (1) robust (2) differentiatied B) (1) detailed (2) overarching C) (1)comprehensive (2) less coherent D) (1) atomized (2) coherent

Women are underrepresented relative to men in positions of relevance to international politics.

According to Tickner, what is true of the prevailing approach to international politics?

A) states system

According to Waltz, Rousseau found the major causes of war in A) states system B) men C) states

A) Milton

According to Waltz, an example of a philosopher that "explains the ills of the world in the evils of man" is A) Milton B) Rousseau C) Hegel D) Plato

A systems theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires

D) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires A) a system theory that addresses the idealogical commitments of states B) a systems theory that incorporates economic factors into its concept of international politics C) a systems theory that incorporates questions regarding the military interactions of states D) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system E) a system theory that incorporates social factors in its concept of international politics

Because the school fails to recognize that world politics do not exist outside the interactions of states, it does not provide a means by which states can escape the world politics their interactions have created.

According to Waltz, what is the fundamental failure of the realist-rationalist school of thought?

It must acquire some of the hierarchical attributes and capabilities of a domestic state.

According to Waltz, what must an international organization do to function effectively

It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems.

According to Waltz, what quality characterizes a sovereign state?

B) It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems

According to Waltz, what quality characterizes a sovereign state? A) It commands sole authority not only over its own people but also in the international systems to which it belongs B) It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems C) it is free to act as it wants and to get what it wants without any constraint D) It is equal to all other states in its system in its ability to impose its will on the other states E) It is insulated from the effects if other states

They will try to perpetuate their existence.

According to Wendt, what can be safely assumed about states in an anarchic state of nature?

A) the hegemon

According to one of the theories within the broad theoretical approach of realism, conflicts between middle powers and smaller states can be resolved or contained by _____________. A) the hegemon B) diplomats C) economists D) state leaders

A) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

According to the "clash of civilizations" thesis, ______. A) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings B) There is nothing inherent in cultural differences that would cause conflict C) Liberal democracies will prevail over other types of governance in the post-Cold War world D) Global financial crises will be the most important source of international conflict in the post-Cold War world

A) have full sovereignty over their own affairs

According to the UN Charter, states __________. A) have full sovereignty over their own affairs B) may have full independence and territorial integrity C) are not inherently equal under international law D) should take disputes to the International Court of Justice

A) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers ________________. A) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria B) make choices within the boundaries established by groups within the government C) will choose the best response to a situation D) use historical analogies in responding to a situation

Capital may be difficult to shift from one industry to another, and so owners invested in certain industries will lose from openness, while those invested in other industries will gain from it.

According to the specific factors model, why should one not expect the owners of capital to always present a united front on the question of openness versus protectionism?

C) their own actions

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of __________. A) existing policy B) the actions of others C) their own actions D) low-level staff

D) their own actions

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of _____________. A) existing policy B) low-level staff C) the actions of others D) their own actions

Islamic movements have gained strength in recent years in which of the following states

Afghanistan and Algeria

the vast majority of people infected with HIV worlwide lie in

Africa

examples of conflict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as minority in a neighboring state are

Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerjaijan

C) General Assembly

All UN members are represented in which institution? A) Security Council B) Secretary's Assembly C) General Assembly D) Economic and Social Council

NGOs include organizations such as

Amnesty International and the International Olympic Committee

B) Warsaw Pact

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________. A) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance B) Warsaw Pact C) Eastern Alliance

B) Warsaw Pact

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________. A) Eastern Alliance B) Warsaw Pact C) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

B) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia

An example of an action without UN approval was _______. A) Syria invading Iraq B) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia C) Canada conducting trade with Venezuela D) North Korea shipping nuclear weapons technology to Vietnam

B) False

An identity solution to the collective goods problem in international relations can be explained by objective, material self-interest of some nation-states. A) True B) False

C) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________. A) the absence of structure and rules B) complete chaos C) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules D) the presence of distributive states

B) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________. A) the absence of structure and rules B) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules C) complete chaos D) the presence of distributive states

A) Danish

Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a _______ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammed constitute an example of nationalist Islamist movement. A) Danish B) Finnish C) Canadian D) Swiss

despite the perception that international debt crisis is "over" which country in effect defaulted on debts in 2001

Argentina

the largest default in IMF history was made by

Argentina

D) the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001

Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was invoked for the first time when __________________. A) the Soviet Union and East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall B) Serbs attacked Bosnia in 1994 C) Ethiopia attacked Somalia D) the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001

C) Sudan

As of 2009, which of the following states was a nation that the United States accused of supporting international terrorism? A) Liberia B) North Korea C) Sudan D) Iceland

B) Sudan

As of 2009, which of the following states was a nation that the United States accused of supporting international terrorism? A) Liberia B) Sudan C) North Korea D) Iceland

C) Africa

As of 2011, which region of the world has hosted the most UN Peacekeeping Missions? A) South Asia B) Latin America C) Africa D) Middle East

C) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

Autonomous agencies affiliated with the UN, but not under its control, include the _________. A) World Intellectual Property Organization and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refuggees B) International Civil Aviation Organization and the UN Environment Program C) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization D) World Meteorological Association and the UN Children's Fund

With respect to international regimes, which of the following is true?

B) International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective goods problems.

B) False

Backwardness is a useful explanation of genocide because genocide occurs primarily in developing nations. A) True B) False

A) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

Ballistic missiles __________. A) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend B) were replaced by airplanes as the main strategic delivery vehicles C) are small winged missiles D) vary in range and throw weight, but have similar accuracy E) must be fired from fixed sites

B) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

Ballistic missiles __________. A) vary in range and throw weight, but have similar accuracy B) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend C) were replaced by airplanes as the main strategic delivery vehicles D) are small winged missiles E) must be fired from fixed sites

A) less likely to betray each other because they payoff for defection would decrease

Based on Oye's discussion of payoff structures, two states in an open alliance will be A) less likely to betray each other because they payoff for defection would decrease B) more likely to betray each other because they payoff of cooperation would decrease C) less likely to betray each other because they payoff of cooperation would increase D) not likely to act any differently from two states in a secret alliance E) more likely to betray each other because bilateral strategies offer no substantial payoff in a multilateral world

In Marxism, the economy determines the character of the state, whereas in mercantilism, the economy serves the state.

Based on how Gilpin uses the terms, the chief difference between Marxism and mercantilism is tat

C) uniformity

Based on the assigned reading, complete the following: According to Singer, the international system as a level of analysis postulates a high degree of ______________________in the foreign policy operational codes of our national actors. A) divergence B) convergence C) uniformity D) diversity

A) True

Because positive gains from economic activities are more effective inducements than negative threats of violence, economic conflicts lead to violence much less often than do territorial disputes. A) True B) False

D) Biological weapons

Because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war? A) Conventional weapons B) Neutron weapons C) Chemical weapons D) Biological weapons

B) Biological weapons

Because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war? A) Neutron weapons B) Biological weapons C) Chemical weapons D) Conventional weapons

with respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council, which of the following is false

Brazil developed a plan that would give permanent seats with veto power to at least six additional countries

the system established after WWII to manage international monetary relations was the

Bretton Woods system

the industrial revolution began in

Britain, in the 18th century

the UN peacekeeping mission in _______ took over actual control of the government after a long civil war until elections could be held to choose a new government

Cambodia

in the late 1990s, which region emerged as a new source of oil, although hindered by the lack of a stable route for oil pipleines

Caspian Sea

at one extreme of government population policies is _____, with a limit of one child per couple

China

which of the following is a consequence for China of the global economic recession in 2008

China's exports stopped growing, China's investments in the United States lost a substancial fraction of their value, China's leaders announced policies aimed at promoting domestic consumption, China's export oriented economy had to be reoriented to domestic markets (all of the above)

B) power strategies

Choices about how capabilities are used in situations and whether or not a state is willing to use its capabilities are known as _____________. A) bargaining decisions B) power strategies C) negotiating decisions D) foreign policy

C) human brain

Cognitive bias refers to the limitations of the ________ in making choices. A) government leaders B) diplomats C) human brain D) military

C) human brain

Cognitive bias refers to the limitations of the __________ in making choices. A) government leaders B) diplomats C) human brain D) military

how does the European Commission compare to the Council of European Union

Commission membership is based on one member per member state, whereas Council of the European Union membership varies from one meeting to the next depnding upon the topic being discussed

2. _____ was the national security advisor and then the secretary of state for President George W. Bush.

Condolezza Rice

B) False

Conflicts over the control of entire states are relatively unlikely to lead to the use of force. A) True B) False

A) True

Consensus around decisions is requisite among all members in institutions like the World Trade Organization and European Union. A) True B) False

C) domestic

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the ________ level of analysis. A) individual B) interstate C) domestic D) global

D) domestic

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the ________ level of analysis. A) individual B) interstate C) global D) domestic

A) Education

Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization. Based on the definition of the term, which of the following are likely agents of socialization? A) Education B) Elements of power C) Private discourse D) Philanthropic institutions

Education

B) Spratly

Control of the _________ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries. A) East Timor B) Spratly C) Macau D) Malvinas

the ____ decides major policies of the European Union, whereas the ____ impletements the policies

Council for the European Union and the European Commission

during the Cold War, the Soviet Union actually invaded ____ to change its government

Czechoslovakia

the breakup of multi-national states was peaceful in which instance

Czechoslovakia and Serbia and Montenagro (B and C)

B) the rational model

Decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from ____________ because of information screens. A) the affective model B) the rational model C) a no referential perspective D) a cognitive bias

who was the Chinese leader responsible for instituting the economic reforms that have taken place there since the mid 1970s

Deng Xiaoping

states from Western Europe, North America, and Japan/Pacific have joined together to form the ______, from which more than 90 percent of government assistance flows

Development Assistance Committee

B) anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics

Difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of ______________. A) unitary actors B) anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics C) pursuit of local interest D) permanent alliances

A) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________. A) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues B) trying to influence elite opinions, which will, in turn, influence mass opinion C) trying to confuse an adversary by sending mixed policy signals D) lobbying foreign governments to change their foreign policy

B) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________. A) trying to influence elite opinions, which will, in turn, influence mass opinion B) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues C) lobbying foreign governments to change their foreign policy D) trying to confuse an adversary by sending mixed policy signals

adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

the current round of multinational trade negoationas, which began in 2001 and is strugging to reach a conclusion, is the

Doha Round

D) United States

During the Cold War, the alliances of states coordinated under the leadership of the _____________ was called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization A) Ukraine B) Soviet Union C) European Union D) United States

B) Angola, Czechoslovakia

During the Cold War, the superpowers tried to affect the composition of the government in __________ by supporting different sides in a civil war, whereas the Soviet Union actually invaded ________ to change its government. A) Cambodia, Nicaragua B) Angola, Czechoslovakia C) Grenada, Iran D) Iraq, Afghanistan

which of the following is an implication of expanding the EU's membership

EU institutions will operate more efficiently and disparities in wealth between members will be accentuated (A and C)

D) Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

Ethnic groups _____. A) Resist ethnocentrism to keep tensions low B) All have a state of their own C) All want a state of their own D) Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

the most important regional free-trade area is in

Europe

the Schuman Plan led to the establishment of the

European Coal and Steel Community

which of the following European organizations was established first

European Coal and Steel Community

the EU institution that adjuncates disputes that arise under EU law is the

European Court of Justice

Which of the following was a treaty signed by not ratified by all signatories

European Defense Community

the treaty of Rome created which of the following institutions

European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community (A and C)

C) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan

Examples of conflict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state are ______. A) Kurdistan-Turkey and Rwanda-Zaire B) Poland-Czech Republic and Albania-Serbia C) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan D) Argentina-Brazil and North Korea-South Korea

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept True or False

False

5. The potential free trade area in the Western hemisphere, from Alaska to Argentina, is called the _____.

Free Trade Area of the Americas

the World Trade Organization replaced the ___ in 1995

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

all UN members are represented in which institution

General Assembly

3. Industrialized states give trade concessions to less-developed countries to help with their economic development through the _____.

Generalized System of Preferences

B) False

German utilization of speedy offensives via railroads in the Franco-Prussian War was an example of the cult of the defensive. A) True B) False

A) the central trend in international relations today

Globalization is ________ A) the central trend in international relations today B) not concerned with terrorism C) focused solely on economic development D) the management of territorial conflict

which of the following was NOT one of the six original members of the European Coal and Steel Community

Great Britain

A) assessing consequences

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support. A) assessing consequences B) controlling the agenda C) utilizing reverse psychology D) applying internal dissonance

among the most corrupt countries in the world in 2008, according to Transparency INternational, wer

Haiti, Somalia, and Burma

D) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

Hegemony _______________. A) causes instability in the international system B) enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states C) tend to allow conflicts among middle powers or small states D) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

C) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

Hegemony _______________. A) enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states B) tend to allow conflicts among middle powers or small states C) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system D) causes instability in the international system

the newly industrializing country that has competitve electronics and other light industries but which specializes in banking and trade is

Hong Kong

which of the following newly industrialized countries are more city-states than nation-states

Hong Kong and Singapore

the most successful NICs are

Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore

A) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism? A) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities. B) Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men, whereas liberal feminists believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations.

B) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism? A) Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men, whereas liberal feminists believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations. B) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.

B) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy

How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance ____________. A) forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity has limited applications B) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy C) is the basis of cooperation in IR, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict D) has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages

B) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose.

How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero sum game? A) In a zero-sum game, both players win, whereas in a non-zero sum game, both players lose. B) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose. C) In a zero-sum game, one players' gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, players' gains and losses cancel each other out. D) Zero-sum games are more typical in international political economy, whereas non-zero-sum games are more typical in international security.

It usually favors the defense over the offense

How does geography usually affect the balance between offense and defense?

Liberalism is relatively unconcerned with income distribution.

How does liberalism differ from both Marxism and mercantilism?

A) Once a year

How frequently has the veto by Security Council members been used since 1991? A) Once a year B) Once every two years C) Six times a year D) Once a month

B) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities

How is a middle power distinguished from a great power? A) Middle powers operate in a balance-of-power system, whereas great powers operate in a hegemonic system B) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities C) Middle powers don't have nuclear weapons, whereas great powers do D) Middle powers can be small geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers cannot be small geographically

D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest

How is the identity principle distinguishes from the dominance and reciprocity principles? A) The identity principles plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do play a role B) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on their own interests and benefits to others C) Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than the identity principle D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest

In Rwanda in 1994, members of the minority ___ ethnic gropu were massacred by members of the majority ______ ethnic group

Hutu, Tutsi

D) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

Ideology _______. A) tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replaced by national interests B) causes conflict more frequently than any other factor C) decreases conflicts between states more than it causes them D) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

Trade creates winners and losers within each country

If trade makes all states better off and maximizes world welfare, Why is it a particular source of controversy?

C) accredit national delegations as members of the UN

In 1971, in place of the nationalists in Taiwan, the delegation of the People's Republic of China was given China's seat in the UN. This is an example of the UN General Assembly's power to ______. A) accredit national delegations as members of UN tribunals B) administer Security Council policy and programs C) accredit national delegations as members of the UN D) provide council on economic and social issues

B) A proxy war

In 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of_______. A) The Munich Agreement B) A proxy war C) Globalization D) The missile crises

C) A proxy war

In 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of_______. A) The missile crises B) The Munich Agreement C) A proxy war D) Globalization

C) summit meeting

In 1995 superpower leaders gathered in Geneva, deciding to reconstitute Austria. This type of gathering can be considered an example of a_____________. A) military strike B) containment effort C) summit meeting D) crisis

A) summit meeting

In 1995 superpower leaders gathered in Geneva, deciding to reconstitute Austria. This type of gathering can be considered an example of a_____________. A) summit meeting B) crisis C) military strike D) containment effort

A) Power estimation

In 2011 Libyan revolutionaries fought dictator Muammar Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the U.S., leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what? A) Power estimation B) Asymmetric warfare C) Global influence D) State equality

B) Collective security

In 2011, a no-fly zone was authorized in Libya. This type of action can be considered an example of which principle? A) The reciprocity principle B) Collective security C) Executive Board power D) Peace enforcement

B) Syrian

In 2014-2015, in the ______ civil war, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS. A) Israeli B) Syrian C) Libyan D) Kurdish

The importance of cooperation in international relations.

In Tickner's view, what is neglected in the emphasis placed by Morgenthau and other realists on conflict?

is the most simple and useful assumption to make about the states' actions, even if it is not always true.

In Waltz's micro-theory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct

A) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct A) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true B) is the most common flaw in classic studies of international relations C) is incompatible with the varied and irrational ways in which states actually behave D) cannot be taken for granted except where supported by empirical evidence E) is the notion that states pursue exclusively those goals that ensure their survival

Anarchy alone is not sufficient to produce the world of competitive power politics depicted by realism.

In Wendt's opinion, why did classical realists need to make the assumption that human nature is driven by an innate lust for power?

if the cause of predatory behavior is prior systemic interaction, then predators can also be transformed into "good apples" by future systemic interaction.

In Wendt's view, one reason why the predator argument is less compelling than it first appears is that

A) Afghanistan

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________________ A) Afghanistan B) Poland C) Czechoslovakia D) Hungary

C) Afghanistan

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________________ A) Hungary B) Czechoslovakia C) Afghanistan D) Poland

C) Military engagements now occur across greater distances

In what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force? A) Te resort to peace pacts now has more profound costs and consequences B) Allied computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists C) Military engagements now occur across greater distances D) Electronics now have a lesser role in command and control

B) Military engagements now occur across greater distances

In what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force? A) The resort to peace pacts now has more profound costs and consequences B) Military engagements now occur across greater distances C) Allied computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists D) Electronics now have a lesser role in command and control

B) Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in prisoner's dilemma and stag hunt but may increase it in chicken

In what ways does iteration affect the outcome of prisoner's dilemma, stag hunt, and chicken minus a strategy of reciprocity? A) In all instances, iteration leads to a decreased likelihood of defection B) Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in prisoner's dilemma and stag hunt but may increase it in chicken C) Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in chicken and stag hunt but may increase it in prisoner's dilemma D) Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in prisoner's dilemma and chicken but may increase it in stag hunt E) In all instances, iteration leads to an increased likelihood of defection

Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in prisoner's dilemma and stag hunt but may increase it in chicken

C) Some objectives short of the surrender

Included in limited war are military actions carried out to gain ______ and occupation of the enemy A) Some influence over B) Cultural dominance over C) Some objectives short of the surrender D) Complete and unambiguous surrender

nonviolent resistance to British rule was the means to independence for which British colony

India

a line of control divides the province of Kashmir, which is the focus of a long-running dispute between which two countries

India and Pakistan

which two coutnries tested nuclear weapons in 1998, leading to an increse in tensions in their region

India and Pakistan

A) True

Institutions are typically formalized in international agreements and can be embedded in organizations A) True B) False

True

Institutions are typically formalized in international agreements and can be embedded in organizations A) True B) False

C) Are more likely to lead to violence than other types of conflict of interest

International conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputes ________. A) Involve actors whose interests are often diametrically aligned B) Are more likely to be resolved peacefully than other types of conflicts of interest C) Are more likely to lead to violence than other types of conflict of interest D) Do not involve core issues of the status and integrity of states

B) are sometimes institutionalized through organizations in which states participate to manage specific issues

International norms ________. A) are most effective when different states or regions hold different expectations of what is normal B) are sometimes institutionalized through organizations in which states participate to manage specific issues C) can be effective because they become irregular over time D) are frequently ineffective

D) are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

International regimes __________. A) are weaker when embedded in permanent institutions B) can exist only when there is a concentration of power in the international system C) can exist only when there is a dispersion of power in the international system D) are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

D) concerns the relationships among the world's governments

International relations ___________ A) influences daily life only when war occurs B) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomats C) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between states D) concerns the relationships among the world's governments

B) practical

International relations is largely a(n)__________ discipline A) theoretical B) practical C) economic D) historical

a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests

International relations revolves around the key problem of how ______________. A) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests B) to deal with the issue of global warming C) to solve global poverty D) to properly negotiate treaties

C) Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China

Interstate border disputes remain today in _________. A) the Gaza strip, Kurdistan, and Yugoslavia B) Czechoslovakia, the West Bank, and the Crimean peninsula C) Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China D) the Golan Heights, Peru/Ecuador, and Hong Kong

CIA covert operations in the 1950s overthrew governments unfreindly to the UNited States in

Iran and Guatemala

Shi'ite Muslimslive predominantly in

Iran, southern Iraq, and southern Lebanon

A) territory

Irrendentism is the regaining of _______ lost to another state. A) territory B) Resources C) Political opposition D) sovereignty

C) Predominant in an area of conflict

Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because it is _______. A) Moving into traditionally secular areas B) Inherently warlike C) Predominant in an area of conflict D) Less peaceful than other religions

which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council

Japan

the flow of what river through Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan has added to the conflict between those countries

Jordan

B) Cosmopolitan law

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand A) International law B) Cosmopolitan law C) Pacific federation D) Liberal peace

D) International law

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand A) Pacific federation B) Cosmopolitan law C) Liberal peace D) International law

C) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies A) Authoritarian states only go to war when it benefits them economically B) Liberal states never go to war C) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other D) Liberal states only go to war when it benefits them economically

D) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies A) Authoritarian states only go to war when it benefits them economically B) Liberal states only go to war when it benefits them economically C) Liberal states never go to war D) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

interstate border disputes remain today in

Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China

A) True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutionalist theory is utilitarian and rationalistic, like realism A) True B) False

A) True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutions affect state behavior through functions such as providing information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible and facilitating reciprocity A) True B) False

True

14. Under the principles of _____, governments engage in deficit spending to stimulate economic growth.

Keynesian economics

in recent years, states in which region have elcted leftist presidents committed to changing course away from free market capitalism and toward a socialist philosophy with more state-owned enterprises

Latin America

in which region of the global South are women's literacy rates closer to thoe of men

Latin America

the first attempt at creating a collective security system was the

League of Nations

the theory of imperialism that argued that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits, and then using part of those profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by

Lenin

A) different

Levels of analysis offer _________ explanations for international events A) different B) individual C) uniform D) military

B) different

Levels of analysis offer _________ explanations for international events A) individual B) different C) military D) uniform

Permitting the free flow of capital among nations

Liberal economists believe that the good of all nations would be served by:

B) False

Liberal states do NOT tend to be inherently more peaceful towards one another, according to Kant A) True B) False

A) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains

Liberals believe which of the following? A) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains B) States are the least important actors in IR C) Human nature is altruistic D) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

A) True

Machiavelli argued that republics are not pacifistic and are actually the best form of state for imperial expansion A) True B) False

True

Machiavelli argued that republics are not pacifistic and are actually the best form of state for imperial expansion A) True B) False

D) economic classes

Marxist approaches to IR held that both IR and domestic politics arise from unequal relationships between _______________. A) governmental agencies B) political elites C) economic agencies D) economic classes

economic classes

B) False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system A) True B) False

False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system A) True B) False

B) the repression of domestic political dissent

Military forces are used by States to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for _______. A) creating policy B) the repression of domestic political dissent C) the surveillance of trafficking in automobiles D) controlling domestic violence

A) the repression of domestic political dissent

Military forces are used by States to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for _______. A) the repression of domestic political dissent B) creating policy C) the surveillance of trafficking in automobiles D) controlling domestic violence

D) idealism

Modern realist theory developed in reaction to _________________. A) the Cold War B) constructivism C) Marxism D) idealism

C) Second-strike capability

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is based on which of the following? A) First-strike capability B) Launch on impact C) Second-strike capability D) Launch on warning

C) Second-strike capability

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is based on which of the following? A) Launch on impact B) Launch on warning C) Second-strike capability D) First-strike capability

C) international norms

National leaders can expect certain behaviors from their international counterparts. These behaviors are known as __________. A) international standards B) global expectations C) international norms D) international covenants

which region has the largest energy consumption per capita in the world

North America

which of the following is NOT considered to be a sponsor of international terrorism according to the UNited States

North Korea

which of the following countries has built up the infrastructure to enrich uranium up to weapons grade in recent years

North Korea and Libya (A and B)

B) the Missile Technology Control Regime

North Korea, in 2012, succeeded in testing a long-range missile with a transcontinental reach. This is an example of the failure of _______. A) weapons proliferation B) the Missile Technology Control Regime C) the Biological Weapons Convention D) the Chemical Weapons Convention

B) the Missile Technology Control Regime

North Korea, in 2012, succeeded in testing a long-range missile with a transcontinental reach. This is an example of the failure of _______. A) weapons proliferation B) the Missile Technology Control Regime C) the Chemical Weapons Convention D) the Biological Weapons Convention

which countries were the first to join the (then) European Community after its founding

Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein

the most prominent cartel in the inetantional economy is

OPEC

C) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

On the individual level of analysis, _____ A) Wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries B) Wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions C) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders D) The totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence

states find it difficult to cooperate to resolve collective problems

One of the implications of the so-called "tyranny of small decisions" is that:

That much of international law authorizes states to increase their power.

One reason identified by Hoffman for why international law can end up being detrimental to world order is

A) International territory

Outer space is considered A) International territory B) Open for conquest C) UN territory D) National territory

the model of development assistance that relies on local communities to determine the needs of their own people and to carry out development projects is the ___ model

Oxfam

the group of state creditors that meets periodically to discuss the international debt situation and renegotion is called them

Paris Club

the ____ provides US volunteers for technical development assistance in states in the global SOuth

Peace Corps

D) The supervision of elections

Peace operations of the United Nations include which of the following? A) The use of force to protect shipping B) War regulation C) Intervening in ethnic conflicts to create a ceasefire D) The supervision of elections

A) Ethnic conflict

Perhaps the most crucial source of conflict in the various wars currently taking place all over the world is _______. A) Ethnic conflict B) Kinship C) Fascism D) Forestry resources

B) False

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept. A) True B) False

D) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

Piracy has become a problem in what region of the world? A) South of the Cape of Good Hope near South Africa B) The Straits of Antigua near Sierra Leone C) The western Mediterranean near Gibraltar D) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

Piracy has become a problem in what region of the world? A) The Straits of Antigua near Sierra Leone B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia C) The western Mediterranean near Gibraltar D) South of the Cape of Good Hope near South Africa

C) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________. A) only lower-level career officials owe loyalty to the politicians B) the power of agencies is based on their proximity to the president C) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

B) the trafficking of cocaine

Poor peasants in Latin America who benefit substantially, in terms of income, from the drug trade pose a challenge to the United States in its attempts to restrict ______. A) Latin American military forces B) the trafficking of cocaine C) great wealth and power D) lateral pressure

D) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

Public opinion ___________. A) has greater force in authoritarian governments that in democracies B) influences foreign policy decisions but is not influenced by them C) has more effect on foreign policy than domestic policy in democracies D) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

B) typically starts high and decreases over the long run

Public support for involvement in a war __________. A) will typically not affect the popularity ratings of a country's leader B) typically starts high and decreases over the long run C) typically starts low and increases over the long run D) typically starts high and continues to remain high

D) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

Realists believe which of the following? A) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains B) States are the least important actors in IR C) Human nature is altruistic D) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

A) nuclear weapons programs

Recently, North Korea and Iran were players in recent crises involving _____________ A) nuclear weapons programs B) massive oil spills C) overthrown governments D) arms sales to Nepal

A) True

Reciprocity can be enforced without any central authority A) True B) False

A) Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth

Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because _______. A) Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth B) There is something inherent in religion that creates conflict C) People feel particularly vulnerable about religion D) They involve infidels

the country which has used its large supply of oil to ensure the fucntioning of OPEC is

Saudi Arabia

the largest oil exporting country in the world is

Saudi Arabia

the body of the United Nations that has the primary responsibility for international peace and security is the

Security Council

the secretary-general of the United Nations is nominated by the ____ and approved by the _____

Security Council, General Assembly

A) True

Serbians vehemently claim that Kosovo is under Serbian sovereignty, yet most of the citizens of Kosovo hope to secede and become an internationally recognized state. A) True B) False

A) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in ______. A) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain B) Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan C) Southern Libya, Kuwait, and Qatar D) The United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Afghanistan

C) against attempting to alter borders by force

Since World War II, an international norm has developed ________. A) to support international intervention in secessionist conflicts B) that prefers the redrawing of borders to the toppling of a state's government C) against attempting to alter borders by force D) to allow irrendentism even if violence is necessary

the newly industrialzed country that has focused primarily on trade is

Singapore

the ____ called for the creation of a common market in Europe by the end of 1992

Single European Act

A) True

Slantchev argues that narrow self-interest explains the Concert of Europe's ability to reach a mutually acceptable territorial distribution A) True B) False

True

Slantchev argues that narrow self-interest explains the Concert of Europe's ability to reach a mutually acceptable territorial distribution A) True B) False

A) True

Some international relations scholars argue that because war and military force are not very impactful in today's world, these means of influence are becoming obsolete. A) True B) False

B) affective bias

Some scholars believe that former secretary of state John Foster Dulles had such great personal prejudice against communism that he always assumed the worst of Soviet decision makers. This is an example of _______________. A) wishful thinking B) affective bias C) cognitive bias

the newly industrializing country that has developed competitve steel and automobile industries is

South Korea

piracy has become a problem in what region of the world

South of the Cape of Good Hope Near South Africa

6. The free trade area comprising many countries in South America is the _____.

Southern Cone Common Market or Mercosur

____ joined the (then) European Community in 1986

Spain and Portugal

the IMF established ____ as the replacement for gold as the world standard

Special Drawing Rights

control of the _____ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries

Spratly

C) internal affairs

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states. A) philanthropic affairs B) alliances C) internal affairs D) maritime regimes

which of the following statements about Islam is FALSE

Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are unified under the Islamist movemnt

the newly industrializing country that specilizes in electronics and the compute industry is

Taiwan

D) 12 miles

Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state's coastline? A) 200 miles B) 5 miles C) 100 miles D) 12 miles

D) East Germany

The Berlin Wall was built by ___________. A) Russia B) the United States C) West Germany D) East Germany

B) East Germany

The Berlin Wall was built by ___________. A) West Germany B) East Germany C) the United States D) Russia

A) Stable peace and anti-liberalism

The Concert of Europe was characterized by A) Stable peace and anti-liberalism B) An unstable balance of power system C) An inability to resolve territorial disputes D) The protection of civil liberties and focus on human rights

B) Stable peace and anti-liberalism

The Concert of Europe was characterized by A) The protection of civil liberties and focus on human rights B) Stable peace and anti-liberalism C) An unstable balance of power system D) An inability to resolve territorial disputes

C) regional, specific

The IGOs that have been more successful are ones that are ______ in scope with a ________ purpose. A) global, specific B) continental, general C) regional, specific D) regional, general

C) The National Security Council (NSC)

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency? A) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) B) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) C) The National Security Council (NSC) D) The National Security Agency (NSA)

C) The Soviet Union

The Marshall Plan was a policy or organization designed to fight ________________. A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) Nazi Germany C) The Soviet Union D) detente

D) The Soviet Union

The Marshall Plan was a policy or organization designed to fight ________________. A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) detente C) Nazi Germany D) The Soviet Union

B) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications

The National Security Agency ______. A) is one of the smallest intelligence agencies B) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications C) was created by President Roosevelt to oversee the State Department D) is a unit within the National Security Council

C) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications

The National Security Agency ______. A) was created by President Roosevelt to oversee the State Department B) is a unit within the National Security Council C) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications D) is one of the smallest intelligence agencies

A) True

The Rwandan genocide of Tutsis is a historical example of the concept of a crime against humanity. A) True B) False

C) independent

The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely _____________ A) affluent B) philosophical C) independent

C) independent

The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely _____________ A) philosophical B) affluent C) independent

D) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ___________. A) maintaining military bases and alliances only in Europe, close to the Soviet borders B) staging missile tests in the Arctic to intimidate the Soviets C) splitting with China D) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

C) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ___________. A) splitting with China B) staging missile tests in the Arctic to intimidate the Soviets C) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe D) maintaining military bases and alliances only in Europe, close to the Soviet borders

A) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

The U.S. withdrew from which arms control treaty in 2002? A) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty B) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I C) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II D) Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty

B) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

The U.S. withdrew from which arms control treaty in 2002? A) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II B) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty C) Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty D) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I

B) limited

The U.S.-led war against Iraq in 1991 is an example of ________ war. A) hegemonic B) limited C) civil D) total

C) limited power

The UN Security Council's decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states, and although Security Council resolutions in theory bind all UN members, member states in practice often try to evade or soften their effect. These characteristics of the Council are both examples of its _______. A) disregard for nations' sovereignty B) plenary sessions C) limited power D) expansive influence

B) is headquartered in Denmark

The UN Standby High Readiness Brigade ________. A) is available for deployment to conflict areas in two to three months B) is headquartered in Denmark C) is controlled by the General Assembly D) has not yet been used in an area of conflict

A) Cambodia

The UN peacekeeping mission in _______ took over actual control of the government after a long civil war until elections could be held to choose a new government. A) Cambodia B) Bosnia C) Haiti D) Rwanda

A) assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary

The UN's peacekeeping forces are __________. A) assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary B) able to serve in a country even if the government does not want them there C) funded out of the general UN budget D) a standing army ready to be deployed at a moment's notice

th main forum in which third world staes have pursued concerns about international trade has been

The United Nations Confrence on Trade and Development

A) Falkland

The _____ Islands are a historical example of the control of small islands causing potentially serious interstate territorial disputes. A) Falkland B) Marshall C) Solomon D) Midway

individual

The _______ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings A) global B) individual C) domestic D) interstate

D) government bargaining

The __________ model of decision-making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests. A) rational B) organizational-process C) risk aversion D) government bargaining

B) organizational-process

The __________ model of decision-making relies on standard operating procedures. A) rational B) organizational-process C) risk aversion D) individual

D) organizational-process

The ___________ model of decision-making relies on standard operating procedures. A) individual B) rational C) risk aversion D) organizational-process

A) interstate, global

The _________level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the _________ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes. A) interstate, global B) global, individual C) individual, global D) domestic, interstate

D) government bargaining

The _________model of decision-making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests. A) rational B) organizational-process C) risk aversion D) government bargaining

D) power

The ability to get another actor to do what it would not otherwise have done, or not to do what it would have done is the definition of ______. A) anarchy B) realism C) rationality D) power

A) International Atomic Energy Agency

The agency charged with inspecting the the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials is the _________. A) International Atomic Energy Agency B) Non-Proliferation Inspection Agency C) World Nuclear Energy Agency D) Civilian-Military Nuclear Power Agency

A) International Atomic Energy Agency

The agency charged with inspecting the the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials is the _________. A) International Atomic Energy Agency B) World Nuclear Energy Agency C) Civilian-Military Nuclear Power Agency D) Non-Proliferation Inspection Agency

B) False

The argument that a dominant state can enforce international rules, avoid collective-action problems, and encourage peace is known as the democratic stability theory A) True B) False

A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____ A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war B) Authoritarian leaders choose war less frequently than democratically elected leaders C) Democracies go to war for glory D) War is in the interest of democratically elected leaders

Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____ A) War is in the interest of democratically elected leaders B) Democracies go to war for glory C) Authoritarian leaders choose war less frequently than democratically elected leaders D) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

D) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

B) Czechoslovakia

The breakup of multinational states was peaceful in which instance? A) Yugoslavia B) Czechoslovakia C) Georgia D) Kurdistan

The benefits from international trade and investment and control over monetary policy.

The choice between fixed and floating exchange rates typically involves a trade-off between

A) all

The collective-goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits ________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes A) all B) at least 65% of C) most D) the moral

B) structural context of

The concept of groupthink suggests that the _______________ the decision-making affect(s) the outcome. A) timing of B) structural context of C) information available for

D) unipolar

The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system. A) tripolar B) bipolar C) multipolar D) unipolar

The difference between acting in terms of national interests as opposed to acting on personal moral and political values.

The difference between "official duty" and "personal wish" is the same as

B) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy

The disadvantage of dominance as a solution to collective-goods problems include which of the following? A) Fueling arms races in which members respond to other members' buildup of weapons B) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy C) Other groups being unlikely to challenge the top group's power position D) A downwards spiral as each side punishes what is believed to be negative acts by the other

D) Nationalism

The dissolving of huge multinational states such as Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive factor? A) Territorialism B) Internationalism C) Socialism D) Nationalism

D) kilotons, megatons

The explosive power of fission weapons is measured in _________, whereas the explosive power of fusion weapons is measured in _______. A) gigatons, millions B) megatons, gigatons C) kilotons, gigatons D) kilotons, megatons

D) kilotons, megatons

The explosive power of fission weapons is measured in _________, whereas the explosive power of fusion weapons is measured in _______. A) megatons, gigatons B) kilotons, gigatons C) gigatons, millions D) kilotons, megatons

B) False

The explosive split between Shi'ites and Sufis in Iraq played a key role in the regime of Saddam Hussein. A) True B) False

D) The Concert of Europe

The fifty-odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred to as ____ A) The League of Nations B) None of the above C) The Congress of Vienna D) The Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe

The fifty-odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred to as ____ A) The League of Nations B) None of the above C) The Congress of Vienna D) The Concert of Europe

B) The Concert of Europe

The fifty-odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred to as ____ A) The League of Nations B) The Concert of Europe C) The Congress of Vienna D) None of the above

B) League of Nations

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the __________. A) North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) League of Nations C) United Nations D) European Community

C) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

The following is true about counterinsurgency: _______. A) it is less widespread than during the Cold War B) it is a complex type of warfare because it has both a military strategy and political goals C) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency D) the government need not conduct a public relations campaign to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

B) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

The following is true about counterinsurgency: _______. A) the government need not conduct a public relations campaign to convince the population to abandon the insurgency B) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency C) it is a complex type of warfare because it has both a military strategy and political goals D) it is less widespread than during the Cold War

A) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs

The functions of the United Nations include which of the following? A) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs B) Promoting oceanic and forestry development in the global South C) Providing a forum in which tribes can settle disputes without the use of force D) Coercing states into abiding by international law

D) Difference feminism

The historical facts that Margaret Thatcher went to war to recover the Falkland Islands from Argentina, Indira Gandhi led a war against Pakistan, and Golda Meir led a war against Syria and Egypt contrast with the assumptions of which branch of feminism? A) Postmodern feminism B) Liberal feminism C) Revolutionary feminism D) Difference feminism

D) Difference feminism

The historical facts that Margaret Thatcher went to war to recover the Falkland Islands from Argentina, Indira Gandhi led a war against Pakistan, and Golda Meir led a war against Syria and Egypt contrast with the assumptions of which branch of feminism? A) Revolutionary feminism B) Postmodern feminism C) Liberal feminism D) Difference feminism

A) power transition theory

The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the ______________. A) power transition theory B) security dilemma C) hegemony stability theory D) fundamental attribution error

A) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets

The main difference between war and "classic" terrorism is that ________. A) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets B) the former seeks a psychological impact, whereas the latter seeks a territorial impact C) the former utilizes nonuniformed forces, whereas the latter utilizes uniformed forces of the state D) the former has political goals, whereas the latter has military goals

B) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets

The main difference between war and "classic" terrorism is that ________. A) the former seeks a psychological impact, whereas the latter seeks a territorial impact B) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets C) the former has political goals, whereas the latter has military goals D) the former utilizes nonuniformed forces, whereas the latter utilizes uniformed forces of the state

D) Postwar transition

The most crucial aspect of _____ is demobilizing and disarming militias A) Economic reconstruction B) International organizations C) Representing factions D) Postwar transition

A) Egypt

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis is currently in which country? A) Egypt B) Jordan C) Afghanistan D) Turkey

C) power

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ___________. A) international law B) absolute gains C) power D) morality

B) attentive

The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the ___________ public. A) expert B) attentive C) savvy D) international

B) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

The post-Cold War era is _______________. A) less complex and more predictable than the Cold War period B) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease C) characterized by a less global international economy D) less peaceful than the Cold War period

D) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

The post-Cold War era is _______________. A) less peaceful than the Cold War period B) characterized by a less global international economy C) less complex and more predictable than the Cold War period D) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

B) Truth commissions

The purpose of _____ is to help the postwar society to heal and move forward by bringing to light what really happened during the war by offering asylum from punishment to the participants A) The United Nations Security Council B) Truth commissions C) The Human Rights Watch D) Peacekeeping forces

A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision-making is ____________. A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action B) list alternatives to achieve goals, order goals by importance, investigate consequences of alternatives, clarify goals, and choose the course of action C) clarify goals, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, order goals by importance and choose the course of action D) order goals by importance, list alternative to achieve goals, clarify goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

A) True

The stemming of global warming is an example of a collective interest. A) True B) False

D) Lateral pressure

The theory of _____ connects economic competition with security concerns. A) Economic linkage B) Globalization C) Economic liberalism D) Lateral pressure

D) Lenin

The theory of imperialism that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by ___________________. A) Stalin B) Mao C) Marx D) Lenin

D) neorealism

The theory that focuses on the importance of structure of the international system, rather than the internal makeup of individual states, is known as ___________. A) the English school B) constructivism C) neoliberal institutionalism D) neorealism

A) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction

The three types of military capabilities are ________. A) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction B) intelligence groups, conventional forces, and irregular forces C) regular forces, chemical weapons, and counterinsurgency D) tactical forces, strategic forces, and nuclear forces

B) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction

The three types of military capabilities are ________. A) intelligence groups, conventional forces, and irregular forces B) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction C) tactical forces, strategic forces, and nuclear forces D) regular forces, chemical weapons, and counterinsurgency

C) international security and international political economy

The two major subfields of international relations are_____________. A) comparative politics and international security B) conflict and cooperation C) international security and international political economy D) international political economy and comparative politics

B) state-sponsored terrorism

The use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is ________. A) counterinsurgency B) state-sponsored terrorism C) possible only in wartime D) counterterrorism

C) state-sponsored terrorism

The use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is ________. A) possible only in wartime B) counterinsurgency C) state-sponsored terrorism D) counterterrorism

B) Is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds

The value states place on home territory _____. A) Has declined with the development of technology and trade as bases of wealth B) Is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds C) Is low enough that states will often exchange territory for money or other considerations D) Is equivalent to that of colonies

C) South and Southeast Asia

The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions? A) the Middle East and North Africa B) Central and East Asia C) South and Southeast Asia D) Central and sub-Saharan Africa

A) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

Theories of the causes of war at the interstate level of analysis ______. A) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one B) Refute the position that today's military technology is too powerful to use in most conflicts C) Provide a more accurate basis for predicting future wars than any of the other levels of analysis D) Are not as contradictory as the individual or domestic levels of analysis

B) realist

Thomas Hobbes belongs to the ___________ school of thought A) neo-constructivism B) realist C) objectivist D) Marxist

antigoverment protests in China by students, workers, and some government officials took place in

Tiananmen Square in 1989

which of the following is not a potential consequence of Turkey joining the European Union

Turkish workers would move back to Turkey to find jobs at home

C) peacekeeping missions

UN involvement in the Darfur region of Sudan and the Democratic Congo in 2012 were the UN's two biggest _______ that year. A) plenary sessions B) peace tribunals C) peacekeeping missions D) rebel movements

When cooperation provides much better benefits than unrestricted competition.

Under what conditions are states most likely to prefer mutual cooperation to war?

all of the following are regional IGOs except

United Nations

which of the following is a fissionable material

Uranium-235 and plutonium (C and D)

C) tends to be a last resort

Violence as a means of leverage ________. A) is costly to the attacked, but not to the attacker B) typically is used before economic actions or foreign aid C) tends to be a last resort D) is the most cost-effective means of leverage

C) tends to be a last resort

Violence as a means of leverage ________. A) is the most cost-effective means of leverage B) is costly to the attacked, but not to the attacker C) tends to be a last resort D) typically is used before economic actions or foreign aid

the intergovernmental organiztion that attempts to regualirze patent and copyright law across borders is the

WIPO

16. According to Clapp, the ____________________was supposed to give special consideration to the needs and concerns of developing countries, but is now looks as if any developing country gains will be marginal at best

WTO

B) False

Waltz is likely to to argue that people with close cultural affinity are less likely to fight each other. A) True B) False

B) Factions

War between _______ within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state or some part of it is civil war A) Families B) Factions C) Militias D) Guerrillas

D) Front lines

Warfare without _____ involving irregular forces is called guerrilla war A) Lethal gasses B) Armies C) Hegemonic intentions D) Front lines

D) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Weapons of mass destruction include _________. A) biological, conventional, and chemical weapons B) chemical, ballistic, and biological weapons C) nuclear, conventional, and biological weapons D) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

B) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Weapons of mass destruction include _________. A) chemical, ballistic, and biological weapons B) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons C) biological, conventional, and chemical weapons D) nuclear, conventional, and biological weapons

Power is always relative.

What according to Gilpin, is the essential fact of politics?

To simplify the complex world of international politics.

What best approximates the goal of Morgenthau's theory of political realism?

It takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way

What best captures the logic of the predator argument as outlined by Wendt?

Morgenthau perceives it to be objectively given and unchanging, whereas Tickner views it as subjective and variable over time.

What best characterizes the difference in how the concept of human nature is perceived by Morgenthau and Tickner?

The arrangement of units in relation to each other.

What best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz?

The strategies pursued by small states in the international system.

What best exemplifies the exercise of "female power" as characterized by Tickner?

They serve the interests of the United States, the most dominant power when the rose to prominence

What best summarizes Tickner's critique of Morgenthau's definition of the term "national security"?

A) Veto resolutions

What can the permanent members of the UN Security Council do that nonpermanent members cannot? A) Veto resolutions B) Request a meeting of the Security COuncil C) Abstain on resolutions D) Ignore the content of a resolution

A hegemonic power.

What creates and sustains an interdependent international economy from a Marxist perspective?

B) foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility

What did Harry Truman's sign "the buck stops here" illustrate about his role in foreign policy decision-making? A) his opinion was more important that anyone else's B) foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility

It could be defined as the means by which states achieve their goals.

What does Gilpin conclude about power?

Politics determines the framework for economic activity, but economic processes in turn transform political relationships.

What does Gilpin mean when he describes the relationship between economics and politics as "reciprocal"?

The incomes of rich and poor areas should eventually converge.

What does classic economic theory predict about thee effects of a free global market on income distribution?

They create a situation that is similar to the primacy of defense

What effect do nuclear weapons have on the offense-defense balance?

States will rule over everything that they can.

What general and necessary law of nature do the Athenians identify as the basis of their foreign policy?

D) Created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery

What has the United Nations done to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end? A) Asked NATO or African Union troops to replace UN peacekeepers B) Installed the UN Standby High Readiness Brigade to maintain order and stability C) Worked with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to provide funding to the countries D) Created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery

Some units command whereas others obey.

What is a characteristic of a political structure that is hierarchically ordered?

All the states in the tribute system recognized and accepted China as the hegemon.

What is a key difference between the Westphalian system and the tribute system?

The contradictions between economic and political structures.

What is the basic engine of political change according to the Marxist perspective?

That is entirely rational for both players to choose individually an outcome that is collectively suboptimal

What is the dilemma that lies at the heart of the one-shot prisoner's dilemma game?

A) that it's entirely rational for both players to choose individually an outcome that is collectively suboptimal

What is the dilemma that lies at the heart of the one-shot prisoner's dilemma game? A) that it's entirely rational for both players to choose individually an outcome that is collectively suboptimal B) that individually it's rational for each player to cooperate, but collectively this is not possible to achieve C) that both players are forced to decide without knowing the decision of the other player deciding D) that individually it is rational for each player to cooperate, but collectively this isn't possible to achieve E) that neither player can be sure that the other will cooperate

that it's entirely rational for both players to choose individually an outcome that is collectively suboptimal

B) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would

What is the impact of state sovereignty on the United Nations? A) It creates an opportunity for the UN to use the dominance principle when dealing with states B) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would C) It enhances the power of the UN because states rely on it D) It allows the UN to use armed force for humanitarian purposes

Cultural achievements based on status were as important as military power.

What is the key element of the hierarchical East Asian tribute system that Kang identifies?

C) Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states

What is the one way in which the power of the UN Security Council is limited? A) Member states adhere to Security Council resolutions B) Eight of the ten nonpermanent members can override a permanent member's veto C) Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states D) The UN General Assembly can override its decisions

B) They share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes

What role do states play as economic units in the process of globalization, according to economic liberalists? A) They oppose the process B) They share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes C) A handful of states dominate the process D) They are the driving forces

A) incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence

What strategy does Oye suggest as a means of promoting cooperation among governments? A) incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence B) decreasing surveillance in order to foster a community of trusts C) allowing for ambiguity in standards of conduct to avoid allowing overly stringent definitions to lead to misunderstanding D) increasing the number of actors necessary to the realization of common interests E) reducing international relations to a single issue in order to facilitate compliance

incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence

D) Treaty of Westphalia

What treaty is commonly thought of as the start of the modern international system? A) Treaty of Paris B) Treaty of Rome C) Treaty of Versailles D) Treaty of Westphalia

C) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce? A) China shifted its support to South Korea B) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula C) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger D) The US shifted its support to North Korea

B) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce? A) The US shifted its support to North Korea B) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger C) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula D) China shifted its support to South Korea

A) information screens

When British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the nonaggression pact with Hitler in Munich in 1938, he didn't want to see the clear signs of Hitler's aggression and chose to appease him instead. Some scholars argue this was due to Chamberlain's not wanting to lead Britain into a major war. If true, this would best illustrate _______________. A) information screens B) cognitive bias

C) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes

When Yugoslavia fell apart_____________ A) UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum B) an arms embargo was places on heavily armed Serbia, while Bosnia was allowed to build up its arsenal so each side would be more equal C) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes D) European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newly independent, sovereign states

A) The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly

When many colonies in Africa and Asia gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s and joined the United Nations, what was the impact in voting? A) The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly B) The Soviet Union used its veto in the Security Council more often to counterbalance the new members C) The Peoples' Republic of China took control of the Chinese vote in the UN D) Voting in the General Assembly shifted to one state, one vote, regardless of size

C) generally voted like their husbands

When women won the right to vote after World War I they ________________. A) established a newsletter, Sisterly Voices, in order to express their views on elections B) changed the nature of foreign policy with their votes C) generally voted like their husbands D) voted for peace and against war

A) Lawrence Frank

Which among the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people? A) Lawrence Frank B) Kenneth Waltz C) John Locke D) Hans Morgantheau

A) WTO and UAW

Which are two intergovernmental organizations? A) WTO and UAW B) IRS and Planned Parenthood C) OPEC and AAA D) African Union and NATO

D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence? A) Privateering has been outlawed by the World Court, which has eliminated most conflicts B) The naval strength of the states in conflict deters economic conflict C) It is rarely an issue as most economic powers do not have strong military forces D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

D) Preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

Which group has been found to be more prone to warfare than contemporary society? A) Interstate actors B) East Asian medieval societies C) Domestic political leaders D) Preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

C) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states B) The most basic motive driving states is survival C) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions D) The international system is characterized by anarchy

States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states B) The most basic motive driving states is survival C) The international system is characterized by anarchy D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

D) Waltz

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"? A) Schumpeter B) Machiavelli C) Kant D) Waltz

A) Waltz

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"? A) Waltz B) Schumpeter C) Kant D) Machiavelli

A) Russia

Which is the latest country to pull out of the International Criminal Court? A) Russia B) Turkey C) Germany D) Argentina E) US

C) The African Union

Which of the following IGOs perform collective security functions? A) The Southern League B) The Organization of Islamic Conference C) The African Union D) The Organization of Armenian States

A)The state of Ohio D) SUNY Geneseo

Which of the following are examples of substate actors that can OR do influence a country's foreign policy or have an international role? There can be more than one correct answer. A) The state of Ohio B) ISIS C) Medellin drug cartel in Colombia D) SUNY Geneseo

A) to simplify the complex world of international politics

Which of the following best approximates the goal Morgenthau's theory of political realism? A) to simplify the complex world of international politics B) to highlight the immorality of international politics C) to provide a photograph, rather than a portrait, of international politics D) to describe the dynamics of international politics as accurately as possible E) to illustrate the dangers of war

B) the arrangement of units in relation to each other

Which of the following best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz? A) the way units relate to each other B) the arrangement of units in relation to each other C) the relationship formed by the interactions of units D) the institutions that units create to govern their interaction E) the interaction of units

A) Interests are likely to overlap more

Which of the following can explain why regional and specific IGOs have been the most successful in international relations compared to other types of IGOs? A) Interests are likely to overlap more B) There are fewer problems to deal with C) Power is less concentrated D) States are likely less invested in the IGO

C) Groupthink occurs more easily.

Which of the following characterize decision-making during crises? A) Important options are more likely to be discussed. B) Biases become far less likely. C) Groupthink occurs more easily. D) Decision makers are more likely to play devil's advocate.

A) Groupthink occurs more easily

Which of the following characterizes decision making during a crises? A) Groupthink occurs more easily B) Important options are more likely to be discussed C) Decision makers are more likely to play devil's advocate D) Biases become far less likely

C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

Which of the following describes a recent cyberattack? A) The Iranian virus targeting Iraqi military industries B) The Saudi virus targeting Turkish oil industry computers C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge D) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting North Korea's nuclear centrifuge

C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

Which of the following describes a recent cyberattack? A) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting North Korea's nuclear centrifuge B) The Saudi virus targeting Turkish oil industry computers C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge D) The Iranian virus targeting Iraqi military industries

C) Cuban Missile Crisis

Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war? A) Building of the Berlin Wall B) U.S. involvement in Vietnam C) Cuban Missile Crisis D) Korean War

B) Cuban Missile Crisis

Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war? A) U.S. involvement in Vietnam B) Cuban Missile Crisis C) Building of the Berlin Wall D) Korean War

D) Munich 1938

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam? A) Pearl Harbor B) The Prague Spring C) The Korean War D) Munich 1938

A) The League of Nations

Which of the following institutions was "the first large-scale attempt to standardise international political problems on a rational basis..."? A) The League of Nations B) The Treaty of Utrecht C) The United Nations D) The Congress of Vienna

B) Decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action

Which of the following is a critique of the assumption of rationality? A) It is easy to calculate intangible political benefits against the tangible costs of war B) Decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action C) It is relatively easy to determine the national interest, because all states are interested in power D) States arrive at decisions through their strongest leader, which is also known as the unitary-actor assumption.

C) Uranium-235

Which of the following is a fissionable material? A) Deuterium-242 B) Hydrogen C) Uranium-235 D) Chromium-225

C) Uranium-235

Which of the following is a fissionable material? A) Hydrogen B) Deuterium-242 C) Uranium-235 D) Chromium-225

B) Electing members of certain UN agencies

Which of the following is a function of the UN General Assembly? A) Passing binding resolutions B) Electing members of certain UN agencies C) Controlling embassies D) Coordinating NATO programs and agencies

B) Russia

Which of the following is a permanent member of the UN Security Council? A) Japan B) Russia C) Colombia D) Wales

C) don't trust each other

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________. A) believe that a balance of power provides influence B) believe that a balance of power provides peace C) don't trust each other D) are trying to maintain instability in the international system

A) don't trust each other

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________. A) don't trust each other B) believe that a balance of power provides peace C) believe that a balance of power provides influence D) are trying to maintain instability in the international system

B) To administer UN policy and programs

Which of the following is a purpose of the UN Secretariat? A) To develop national civil servants whose loyalties are at the state level B) To administer UN policy and programs C) To serve as theoretical experts and military advisers on various programs and projects D) To represent their respective member states at the UN

A) Bringing in external advisers

Which of the following is a strategy that can prevent groupthink? A) Bringing in external advisers B) Appealing to the majority interest C) Limiting the number of advisers D) Bypassing relevant agencies

C) Bringing in external advisers

Which of the following is a strategy that can prevent groupthink? A) Bypassing relevant agencies B) Limiting the number of advisers C) Bringing in external advisers D) Appealing to the majority interest

D) Control of governments

Which of the following is a tangible interest over which conflict might occur? A) Military culture B) Gender differences C) Religious differences D) Control of governments

B) use a reference point for comparison

Which of the following is an element of prospect theory? Decision makers ___________________. A) asses the value of other decision makers B) use a reference point for comparison C) work to avoid future catastrophic events D) attach their own feelings onto another actor

A) Intergovernmental organizations

Which of the following is an example of a transnational actor? A) Intergovernmental organizations B) The US State Department C) National trade unions

B) Intergovernmental organizations

Which of the following is an example of a transnational actor? A) National trade unions B) Intergovernmental organizations C) The US State Department

C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism? A) Acts of terrorism kill hundreds of thousands of people every year B) Terrorist acts are typically random acts with no clear goal in mind C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) Terrorists are acting to gain leverage against nonstate actors

B) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism? A) Terrorists are acting to gain leverage against nonstate actors B) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological C) Acts of terrorism kill hundreds of thousands of people every year D) Terrorist acts are typically random acts with no clear goal in mind

B) Identification of alternatives

Which of the following is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision-making? A) Divergent interests B) Identification of alternatives C) Utilization of standardized responses

States have the right to be free from foreign intervention.

Which of the following is identified by Doyle as "the basic postulate of liberal international theory"?

A) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

Which of the following is true regarding international regimes? A) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area. B) They can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency. C) They deconstruct frameworks to coordinate states' actions.

A) Goals

Which of the following may diverge despite individuals acting rationally? A) Goals B) Levels of risk acceptance or averseness C) Determination D) Emotions

B) Friends outside of the government

Which of the following might be a key aspect of a decision-making process that involves informal consultations? A) Visiting states leaders B) Friends outside of the government C) Rigorous control of agenda D) Active debate

B) Probabilities

Which of the following must be associated with each possible outcome of an action when there is uncertainty about costs and benefits of actions? A) Low-level decisions B) Probabilities C) Standard operating procedures D) The pursuit of national interests

D) J.S. Mill

Which of the following philosophers warned of the tyranny of the majority? A) Thomas Hobbes B) Joseph Schumpeter C) Jeremy Bentham D) J.S. Mill

J.S. Mill

Which of the following philosophers warned of the tyranny of the majority? A) Thomas Hobbes B) Joseph Schumpeter C) Jeremy Bentham D) J.S. Mill

C) Norman Angell

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature? A) Spinoza B) St. Augustine C) Norman Angell D) Reinhold Niebuhr E) Hans Morgentheu

International law is a "magnifying mirror" that merely reflects the essence and logic of international politics.

Which of the following statements best captures Hoffman's perspective on the roll of international law in international politics?

B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers

Which of the following statements regarding aircraft carriers is false? A) They are extremely expensive B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers C) They are instruments of power projection D) They are used as an instrument to imply a threat to use force

B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers

Which of the following statements regarding aircraft carriers is false? A) They are instruments of power projection B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers C) They are used as an instrument to imply a threat to use force D) They are extremely expensive

C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following statements regarding terrorism is true? A) It aims to embolden a civilian population in order to use its discontent as an advantage B) It refers to political peace acts that target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) Terrorism is an irrational, random use of violence

D) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following statements regarding terrorism is true? A) It refers to political peace acts that target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately B) It aims to embolden a civilian population in order to use its discontent as an advantage C) Terrorism is an irrational, random use of violence D) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

A) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control

Which of the following statements regarding the use of technology in the military is true? A) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control B) Naval technology uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, and ships to scatter enemy radar C) War has become more deadly over the years D) Electronic warfare refers to the uses of nuclear spectrum in war

C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control

Which of the following statements regarding the use of technology in the military is true? A) Naval technology uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, and ships to scatter enemy radar B) War has become more deadly over the years C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control D) Electronic warfare refers to the uses of nuclear spectrum in war

E) Black box

Which of the following terms are a correct conceptualization of the role of national actors within the international system level of analysis? A) Diversity of operational codes B) Regime type C) National autonomy D) Billiard Ball E) Black box

An increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four.

Which of the following would be sufficient to constitute a change in the structure of the international system as defined by Waltz?

Where defense has the advantage, and defense is distinguishable from offense.

Which of the four worlds envisaged by Jervis is the most stable for the status quo states?

C) Liberal internationalism

Which of the liberal traditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to? A) Liberal imperialism B) Liberal pacifism C) Liberal internationalism D) Liberal militarism

D) Liberal internationalism

Which of the liberal traditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to? A) Liberal pacifism B) Liberal imperialism C) Liberal militarism D) Liberal internationalism

D) Liberal militarism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle? A) Liberal internationalism B) Liberal pacifism C) Liberal imperialism D) Liberal militarism

D) Liberal militarism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle? A) Liberal pacifism B) Liberal imperialism C) Liberal internationalism D) Liberal militarism

Liberal militarism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle? A) Liberal pacifism B) Liberal imperialism C) Liberal internationalism D) Liberal militarism

B) Eisenhower

Which president warned the growing influence of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech? A) Kennedy B) Eisenhower C) Johnson D) Truman

A) They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control

Which reason explains why the control of small islands causes serious interstate territorial disputes? A) They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control B) They can provide forest rights to the state in control C) They add to the overall size of a country D) They may contain important oceanic resources

A) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement

Which statement about Islamist movements is false? A) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement B) Islamists reject Western-oriented secular states in favor of governments more explicitly oriented to Islamic values C) Not all Islamist groups are violent D) Some Islamists aspire to create a single political state encompassing most of the Middle East

Some groups will necessarily suffer long term losses in income from free trade.

Which statement about the redistribution of income due to free trade is true?

A) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security

Which statement describes an argument in favor of the position that a new cold War will emerge between the United States and Russia? A) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security B) Europe is divided in its support of either the United States or Russia C) Russia is committed to containing the United States' influence in Western Europe D) Strong Russian democracy creates tensions with the United States

D) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory B) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces C) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army D) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

A) Leon Trotsky

Who was the revolutionary who believed that Russia should make its greatest ambition the spreading of revolution to other nations in order to build a worldwide alliance? A) Leon Trotsky B) Chairman Mao C) Fidel Castro D) Mikhail Bulgakov

C) the defection of one member is harder to conceal

Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than large groups? A) small groups want to cooperate more than large groups B) the defection of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collective good C) the defection of one member is harder to conceal D) small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members

A) Military forces participate in operations against heavily armed traffickers

Why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not? A) Military forces participate in operations against heavily armed traffickers B) It violates states' legal control of their borders C) Conflicts involve states on one side and nonstate actors on the other D) It is illegal trade across international borders

International institutions have immense power but are run by unelected elites who are not accountable to ordinary people.

Why is the "democratic deficit" identified by Keohane?

D) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose? A) Markets illustrate the importance of hierarchy, which is the ordering principle of the structure of international politics B) The concept of the market help capture some of the complexities of international politics C) Markets, like the international system, are subject to instability D) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer E) States, like markets, are subject to the law of supply and demand

It illustrates how an order that constrains the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an order-er

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purposes?

Concerns over relative gains loom large when there are only two major players.

Why might bilateral cooperation be more difficult to achieve than multilateral?

PR reduces the influence of local and regional interests over government policy?

Why might governments elected democratically by proportional representation be more supportive of trade openness?

Realists posit a world dominated by sovereign states in which international institutions serve no purpose.

Why might the growing importance and number of international institutions be puzzling to a political realist?

Mercantilists prioritize the national interest and are, therefore, sensitive to the issue of relative gains.

Why would a mercantilist likely reject an agreement by which all states are made better off bu some are made better off than others

Because states are sensitive to the relative gains of others.

Why, according to realists is international cooperation difficult to achieve even under advantageous circumstances?

because all political action has moral significance.

Why, from a feminist perspective, is it impossible to separate mortality from political action?

Because the world faces a set of interdependent problems that require cooperative rather than zero-sum solutions.

Why, in Tickner's opinion, is the traditional realism of Morgenthau inadequate for the problems of the contemporary world?

B) soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged

With respect to UN peacekeeping, ________. A) soldiers are under the joint command of generals from each of the countries represented on the peacekeeping force B) soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged C) member states have accepted a proposal to upgrade forces to take on a peacemaking role D) soldiers are typically armed with artillery and tanks

C) Any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population and a predominantly Islamic country

With respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council, ________. A) Japan and Australia would like to be permanent members because they contribute a great deal of money to the UN and have a stake in a stable security climate B) Britain and Turkey would be reluctant to give up their individual seats for one "European" seat C) Any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population and a predominantly Islamic country D) Brazil developed a plan that would give permanent seats with veto power to at least six additional countries

A) they have been used only rarely

With respect to chemical weapons, ________. A) they have been used only rarely B) they are impossible to defend against C) they never remain in the target area for long D) they must be inhaled to be fatal

C) they have been used only rarely

With respect to chemical weapons, ________. A) they never remain in the target area for long B) they must be inhaled to be fatal C) they have been used only rarely D) they are impossible to defend against

C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land

With respect to conventional forces, which of the following is true? A) Electronics, especially radar, are relied on most by artillery B) Infantry, armor, and blacksmiths are part of armies C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land D) In most armed forces, the minority of soldiers are involved in logistics

D) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

With respect to power ______________. A) more powerful states will always defeat weaker states in a war B) it isn't difficult to accurately measure the power of another state C) if a state's own values become widely shared among other states, it's harder to exercise power over them D) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

B) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

With respect to terrorism, which of the following is true? A) Terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States, Europe, and South Asia B) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system C) Terrorist activities frequently achieve political ends D) Suicide bombings occur most frequently against autocracies rather than democracies

A) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

With respect to terrorism, which of the following is true? A) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system B) Terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States, Europe, and South Asia C) Terrorist activities frequently achieve political ends D) Suicide bombings occur most frequently against autocracies rather than democracies

B) women are inherently more peaceful than men

With respect to the impact of gender on war and peace, difference feminists believe that _______________. A) neither men nor women are more peaceful than the other B) women are inherently more peaceful than men C) war would be less likely with more women as combatants D) men are inherently more peaceful than women

The significance of international institutions are largely ineffective tools of great powers.

With what statement would Keohane be most likely to agree?

D) Authoritarian states are inherently violent E) There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states F) Democracies are inherently peaceful

Woodrow Wilson is known in history for which of the following ideas? There can be more than one correct answer A) There is no difference between democracies and authoritarian states when it comes to their peaceful or aggressive nature B) Democracies are inherently violent C) Authoritarian states are inherently peaceful D) Authoritarian states are inherently violent E) There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states F) Democracies are inherently peaceful

A) Hegemonic, total

_____ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas ____ war is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another A) Hegemonic, total B) Civil, hegemonic C) Total, limited D) Limited, civil

C) Secession

______ is a unique style of conflict over borders and involves efforts by a province or region to separate from an existing state. A) Irredentism B) Corruption C) Secession D) Ethnic cleansing

A) Self-determination

_______ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs. A) Self-determination B) Ethnicity C) Territorial expansion D) Fascism

B) Surveillance

_______ is provided by satellites. A) Attack capability B) Surveillance C) Early warning of asteroid incursions D) Counterinsurgency

C) Surveillance

_______ is provided by satellites. A) Early warning of asteroid incursions B) Counterinsurgency C) Surveillance D) Attack capability

Democracy

__________ is NOT a necessary component of a state A) Territory B) Democracy

D) India and Pakistan

__________ tested nuclear weapons in 1998. This is an example of a regional increase of tensions. A) South Africa and Egypt B) Israel and Syria C) Argentina and Brazil D) India and Pakistan

C) India and Pakistan

__________ tested nuclear weapons in 1998. This is an example of a regional increase of tensions. A) South Africa and Egypt B) Israel and Syria C) India and Pakistan D) Argentina and Brazil

A) Natural resources, military force

____________ is an element of power on which an actor can draw over the long term, whereas ______ is an element of power that allows an actor to exercise, influence in the short term A) Natural resources, military force B) Government, population C) Economic capacity, geography D) Technology, reputation

B) Taiwan

___________is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one. A) Israel B) Taiwan C) Western Sahara D) Iraq

which of the following is NOT a criterion to join a single currency in the EU

a balance of payment deficit less than 10 percent of GDP

the free flow of capital and labor across borders occurs in

a common market

which of the following helps contribute toward a positive balance of payments for a country

a country recieving large amounts of foreign investment funds

among the challenges faced by former colonies upon winning their independence was

a lack of technological and adminstrative skill, an economy based on the export of one or two products leaving them vulnerable to price fluctuations on world markets, borders drawn by European without regard for ethnic rivalries, poorly functioning governments with in some cases increased corruption (all of the above)

which of the following is a challenge to third world states in concentrating capital for manufactruing

a middle class is necessay to buy manufactured goods like cars of TVs, capital is required to build factories but then that money cannot be used to subsidize food prices or build better schools, a price must be paid in the short term for reducing public consumption sometimes in the form of rioting or violence, competitive factories in technoogically advanced industries can require large amounts of capital and these states lack a source of funds (all of the above)

what is al Jazeera

a satellite TV network

with respect to deficits, which of the following is true

a state can have a trade dificit without having a budget deficit

tit for tat is

a strategy of strict reciprocity after an initial cooperative move

which of the following is a reason states go into debt

a trade deficit and people and firms living beyond their means (A and B)

a kitchen cabinet is

a trusted group of friends with no formal positions in the government who discuss policy issues with the leader

a tariff is

a type of tax imposed on imports by a state

how frequently has the veto by the Security Council members been used since the mid-1990s

about once a year

with respect to poverty in the global South, which of the following is true

about one billion people live in abjet poverty

reprisals are

actions that would have been illegal under international law but which may be legal if taken in response to the illegal actions of another state

diversionary foreign policy is

adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

______ refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of their actions

affective bias

since WWII, an international norm has developed

against attempting to alter borders by force

in which of the following areas is there NOT an international treaty regarding human rights

age

which of the following is NOT a possible cause of war on the domestic level of analysis

aggression of leaders

which of the following is NOT a goal of the Maartricht Treaty

agriculture union

with respect to self-determination, which of the following is FALSE

all nations desired self-determination have acheived it

which of the following is NOT an economic reform instituted in China since the mid 1970s

allowing the Chinese yuan to float freely against other currencies

just-war doctorine

allows the repelling of an attack and punishment of the aggressor and allows only the victim of aggression to respond (A and C)

Qatar has introduced a potent force in Middle East politics, which is

an all-news satellite TV network

proponents of positive peace call for

an end to strucutral violence, alternatives to war as a method for conflict resolution, the development of a gloval identity transcending national, ethnic, and religious divisions, strengthening norms against the use of violence (all of the above)

Which of the following would be sufficient to constitute a change in the structure of the international system, as defined by Waltz? a. a significant increase in trade dependence among states in the system b. an increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four c. the system's four great powers forming two large alliances d. the emergence of new international organization, such as the UN, that contains all states as members

an increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four

with respect to the US peace movement since WWI

an internationalist wing has seen international organization as the best hope for peace and has supported wars against aggression, whereas a pacifist wing has opposed all wars and favored more radical social change to achieve positive peace

According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without a. an emphasis on the role that contingency and irrationality play in human affairs b. an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power c. an appreciation of how ideologies affect political actions d. a recognition that matters such as economics and ethics are intricately tied to politics e. an understanding of the difference between international and domestic politics

an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power

_____ results in a decision binding on parties.

arbirtation

with respect to conflict resolution

arbitration is when a mediator listens to each side's ideas and presents them in a way the other side can hear

the UN's peacekeeping forces

are assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary

UN programs

are funded partly by the General Assembly and partly by contributions raised directly by the program

rainforests

are home to as many as half the world's total specices and slow down global warming and are cleared for agricultrue (A and C)

death rates

are not a means by which governments or international agencies can affect population growth

successionist movements

are rarely successful, sometimes want to merge their territory with a neighboring state, are treated as domestic problems that are of little concern to other states, attempt to draw intenational borders around a province or region to create a new state (all of the above)

international regimes

are sets of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

international regimes

are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

Marxism

argues that the more powerful classes oppress and exploit the less powerful by denying them their fair share of the surplus they create and was oriented toward domestic society in the industrializing countries of Marx's time (A and B)

fission weapons are also known as ____, and fusion weapons are also known as _____

atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs

which of the following is NOT provided by satellites

attack capabilites

9. The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is the _____.

attentive public

the part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the

attentive public

a state that avoids trading altogether and instea tries to priduce everthing it needs by itself is following a strategy of

autakry

8. _____ is the summary of all the flows of money in and out of a country

balance of payments

the summary of a state's financial transactions with the rest of the world, including trade, foreing aid, and the remittance of income by citizens employed abroad is known as

balance of payments

1. The value of a state's imports relative to its exports is the _____.

balance of trade

a financial statement of the difference in the value of a country's total exports and imports is known as

balance of trade

7. Weapons with a trajectory rising out of the atmosphere are known as _____.

ballistic missiles

trade in services includes

banking and insurance

with respect to the roles of bureacratic agencies in foreign policy making

bargaining amont agencies suggests that a state does not have a single national interest

what is the relationship between warfare and a lack of basic needs

being at war keeps a society poor and prevents it from meeting its populations basic needs and being poor with unmet basic needs makes socities more prone to war (B and C)

liberal feminists

believe that female leaders are no more peaceful than male leaders, believe that female state leaders are no less committed to state soverignty and territorial integrity than male leaders, would like to see more women involved in foreign policy making and the military, believe that no distinctly feminine feature of their behavior in their office distinguishes female leaders from their male counterparts (all of the above)

Which of the following TERMS are a correct conceptualization of the tole of national actors within the international system level of analysis? a. billiard ball b. regime type c. national autonomy d. diversity of operational codes e. black box

billiard ball black box

6. _____ are toxic substances that create diseases

biological weapons

because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war

biological weapons

toxic susbtances taht can create diseases and epidemics when launched against enemy troops or populations are

biological weapons

22. According to Wiarda, which of Allison's models best explains United States policy in Mexico?

bueractic process

21. According to Allison, the _________________ model is characterized by the bargaining power and skill among actors positioned hierarchically within government

bureacratic process

which of the following is a potential impact of military activies on the environment

burning fileds to deny sustenance to the enemy, use of defoliants to destroy jungles and thus expose enemy forces, blowing up of oil wells, military aircraft and missile contribute to ozone depletation (all of the above)

How does the IMF assist countries in balancing their economies

by allowing states to borrow against their deposits of financial reserves and repay the loans in subsequent years

cruise missiles

can be launched from ships, submarines, airplanes, or land and can carry conventional or nuclear weapons (C and D)

a just war

can be waged only in response to aggression

individual decision making

cannot be perfectly rational because of the different values, goals, and perceptions of decision makers and is influenced by the dyanimcs of groups surronding the leader (B and C)

___ goods are products that can be used as inputs for further production

capital

the central aspect of economic development is

capital accumulation

which of the following is the greenhouse gas that accounts for most of global warming

carbon dioxide

a recent arms control agreement, which included strict verification mesaures and the possibility of sanctions against nonsignatories, was completed for what type of weapons

chemical

agents that disrupt the functions of the human body, killing or paralyzing enemy troops or populations are

chemical weapons

which of the following is the major contributor to the destruction of the ozone layer

chloroflurocarbons (CFCs)

13. According to Biddle, a ______________features opposing groups divided along ethnic or sectarian lines

civil war

which of the following is an important facotr keeping people in desperate poverty in the global South

civil war, corruption, the resource curse, landloacked locations without ready access to trade (all of the above)

which of the following is characteristic of guerilla war

civilians are often punished along with guerilla forces because the two cannot be distinguished

the sequence of steps in the rational model of decision making is

clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

fossil fuels include

coal and natural gas

____ refers to the limitations of the human brain in making choices

cognitive bias

6. _____ is the subconscious effort to make the world match a logically consistent mental model

cognitive dissonance

when a broad grouping of major actors comes together to jointly oppose another actor's aggression, this is known as

collective security

state-owned industries are evidence of

command economies and mixed economies (A and B)

when states specialize in producing the goods that they produce best and trading for goods that other states are better at producing they are operating according to

comparative advantage

_____ is the controversial practice of the International Monetary Fund by which domestic economic reforms are required of countries agreeing to new loans

conditionality

____ is defined as a difference in preffered outcomes in a bargaining situation

conflict

nationalism

contributed to the disintigration of large, multinational states like Austria-Hungary

protecionism hurts and economy in which of the following ways

conusmers ususally pay higher prices for the product and dmoestic industries may avoid needed improvements and remain inefficient and uncompetitive (A and B)

which of the following did NOT contibute to the industrialization of the United State

conversion from imported oil to domestic coal as a primary energy source

12. The ability of one currency to be traded or exchanged for another is known as _____.

convertibility

which respect to the 1997 Kyoto Protocl, which of the following is FALSE?

countries in the global south are subject to the same emission reduction goals because their total production of carbon dioxide is similar to that of industrialized countries

8. _____ literally means "blow against the state

coup d'etat

what has the United Nations done to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end

created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstructino, instituion-building, and economic recovery

_____ refers to grants that can be used to buy certain products from the donor state

credits

which of the following is an impact of the shift from subsitence to commercial agriculture in states in the global south

crops are grown for export to pay for supplies such as machinery fuel and pesticides, small plots of land have been consolidated into big plantations, farmers end up working on large farmers rather than growing their own food, crops typically provide little nutrition to the local population (all of the above)

4. When states decide to reduce trade barriers and adopt a common tariff toward states that are not members of the group, they have created a(n) _____.

customs union

making regular payments of interest and repaying the principle according to the terms of a loan is known as

debt refinancing

according to the concept of bounded rationality

decision makers will choose a response taht is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

Which of the following is a critique of the assumption of rationality? a. it is relatively easy to determine the national interest, because all states are interested in power b. it is easy to calculate intangible political benefits against the tangible costs of war c. states arrive at decisions through their strongest leader, which is also known as the unitary-actor assumption d. decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action

decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action

what action did Kosovo take in 2008 that did not have the approval of the UNited nation

declared independence from Serbia

which of the following is true

democracies almost never fight each other

what is the relationship between the form of a state's government and economic development

democracy has not accompanied economic development in a systematic or general way

"sustainable" economic development means

development that does not deplete resources and destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of development itself is undermined

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism

difference feminists believe that individual women in foreign policy and the military differ from their male counterparts, whereas liberal feminists believe women as a group do not differ

some ______ feminists believe that there are real differences between the genders based on their biological essence, whereas _____ feminists believe that men and women are equal

difference, liberal

which of the following is the principle that diplomats are beyond the jurisdiction of the host country's national courts

diplomatic immunity

_____ is when diplomats are accredited to each other's governments and enjoy certian rights and protections as foregin diplomats in the host country

diplomatic recognition

the model of development assistance by whcih short-term relief (food, water, shelter) is provided to victims of natural disasters or war is the ____ model

disaster relief

15. The _____ is the interest rate that the government charges when it loans money to private banks.

discount rate

the interest rate the government charges when it loans money to private banks is known as the

discount rate

which of the following is a drawback of international trade

disruption in the workforce, capital is not easily converted to new uses, there is an unequal distribution of costs and benefits within states, there is an unequal distribution of costs and benefits between states (all of the above)

MNCs and thr countries in which they invest often come into conflict over

distribution of the new wealth generated and trade policy

postmodern feminists

do not believe there is any fixed, inherent meaning or essence in the female gender

when a product is sold in foregin markets at prices below the minimum level necessary to make a profit, this is known as

dumping

Marxist approaches to IR hold that both IR and the domestic politcs arise from unequal relationships between

economics classes

according to laws of war

effort needs to be made to limit warfare to the combatants and to protect civilians when possible, prisoners of war may not be killed, mistreated, or forced to disclose information beyond their name, rank, and serial number, armed forces must respect the nuetrality of the Red Cross in its support of civilians and POWs during war, participants can be held accountable for war crimes they commit (all of the above)

which of the following topics is NOT on the agenda of the Doha Round of WTO trade negotations

electornics

with respect to conventional forces, all of the following is true EXCEPT

electronics, especially radar, is relied on most by artillery

the Maastricht Treaty includes all of the following except

eliminating non-tariff barriers to trade

transnational communities of experts and policy makers concerned with particular environmental issues are known as

epistemic communities

the UN Confrence on the Law and the Sea treaty

established rules of territroial waters and created a mechanism for sharing the wealth created by extracting minerals on the ocean floor (A and C)

the tendency to see one's own group in favorable terms and other groups in unfavorable terms is

ethcnocentricism

5. The tendency to see one's own group in favorable terms and other groups in unfavorable terms is _____.

ethnocentricism

which of the following is true with respect to the building of transnational communities

exchange students help to build transnational communites by learnign about their host countries and teaching people about their home countries

how did the industrialized economies adjust to the higher oil prices that resulted from the oil shocks of the 1970s

expansion of oil production in new locations outside of OPEC and greater energy efficiency (A and B)

if the US were to ask Great Britain to arrest a suspect on British territory and hand him or her over for trial, this is known as

extradition

which of the following is NOT an impact of colonialism

farmland was planted for export crops rather than subsitence crops, the most easily accesible minerals were dug up and shipped away, infrastructure in cities expanded, the education and skills needed to run the economy were largely limited to people from the colonial power (all of the above are impacts of colonialism)

feminists argue that with respect to IR

feminity is associated eith private and domestic areas, whereas masculinity is associated with political spaces

9. Taxation and regulation are part of _____ policy

fiscal

9. Atomic bombs are also known as _____ weapons.

fission

the major difficulty in building a fission weapon is that

fissionable material is very difficult to aquire

____ exchange rates exist when a government establishes official ranges of exchange for their currency, whereas ___ exchange rates exist when exchange rates are determined by global currency markets

fix, floating

11. Use of the gold standard was an example of a(n) _____ exchange rate.

fixed

13. _____ is a type of investment that involves tangible goods like factories and buildings.

foreign direct investment

cartels

form to manipulate the price of a certain prodcut, usually are formed by producers, most often limit production by each member so as to lower supply, can suffer from serious collective goods problems (all of the above)

the most successful NICs are sometimes referred to as the

four tigers

which of the following is the order of progression of economic integration

free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union

the integration theory that asserts that technologoical and economic development lead to more and more supranational structures as states seek practical means to fulfill certain activies is

functionalism

____ weapons have more explosive power but are more expensive to design and build than ____ weapons

fusion, fission

4. The systematic extermination of ethnic or religious groups in whole or in part is known as _____.

genocide

14. According to Kurth Cronin, "Analyzing terrorism as something separate from ___________ is misleading and potentially dangerous."

globalization

technolog, especially information technologym is shfitng power from ___ to ____

goverments, individuals

the ____ model of decision making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests

government bargaining

most foregin assistance comes from

governments in the NOrth

among the costs of integration for states is

greater centralization at a time when individuals and groups want more autonomy

____ is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately assessing their consequences, since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think others support

groupthink

warfare without frontlines involving irregular forces is called

gurilla war

the model of developent assistance by which governments and private organizations provide ongoing assitance in the form of projects designed to meet basic needs is the ____ model

handout

public opinion

has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

newly industrializing countries (NICs)

have achieved self-sustaining capital accumulation

ballistic missiles

have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

WWII is an example of

hegemonic war

____ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas ____ war is warfare by one state eaged to conquer and occupy anoter

hegemonic, total

which of the following has NOT been a mission of the IMF and the World Bank

helped China develop export markets

a state in which a foreign MNC operates is called the ______ whereas the stae where the MNC has its headquarters is called the ______

host country, home country

the choices about military capabilites that leaders have to make include

how much to spend on military capabilities, what types of missions a country's military forces must be able to carry out, what types of forces to have, what military equipment is necessary (all of the above)

with respect to the problem of world hunger, which of the following is true

hunger does not usually kill people through starvation but leaves them suseptible to diseases that would not normally be fatal

on what principle do most constructivist explanations draw

identity

which of the following is NOT a consideration of MNCs when deciding to invest in a foreign country

ideology of the ruling government party

the "tradgedy of the commons" metaphor suggests that

if individuals act out of short-term self-interest, all may suffer in the long run

how does import substitution compare to export-led growth

import substitution seeks to develop local industries to produce items that the country had been importing, whereas export led growth seeks to develop local industries that can compete in specific niches in the world economy

recurrent epidemics and widespread diarrhea, which kills millions of children each year, results from

inadequate sanitation facilites

theories of the causes of war at the interstate level of analysis

include that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

peace studies focuses on which levels of analysis

individual, domestic, and global

the most imporant types of multinationa corporations are

industrial corporation

the major emitters of greenhouse gases today are

industrialized countries

in the world system, the regions that mostly manufacture goods are the ______. and are refered to as the ______

industrialized regions, core

15. _____ are subconscious filters through which people put the information coming in about the world around them

information screens

decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from the raional model because of

information screens and affective bias

12. According to Biddle, an ___________ is an ideological or nationalist war based on competition for the allegiance of a common pool of citizens who could in principle take either side.

insurgency

ideology

intensifies conflicts between states more than it causes them, helps mobilize national populations to support a state in its international dealings, tends to decline in importance after a revolution replaced by national interests, has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do (all of the above)

8. A(n) _____ is a coalition of people who share a common interest in the outcome of political issues and try to influence the outcome.

interest group

actors in domestic politics involved in the foreign policy process include

interest groups, the media, bureaucracis, legislatures (all of the above)

which of the following is NOT a source of international law

international constitutions

what is NOT a critique of realism from the postmodern perspective

international institutions are important actors in IR

national leaders can expect certain behaviors from their international counterparts. these are known as

international norms

which of the following is NOT an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible

international regimes can solve the collective goods problem by increasing transparency

The _______ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the _______ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outocmes a. domestic, interstate b. global, individual c. interstate, global d. individual, global

interstate, global

1. _____ is the goal of regaining territory lost to another state.

irredenticism

____ is the regaining of territory lost to another stat

irredentism

the depletion of stocks of fish in many of the world's largest fisheries

is a collective goods problem and is a tradgedy of the commons problem (A and C)

the value states place on home territory

is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds

the UN standby High Readiness Brigade

is headquartered in Denmark

constructivism

is interested in how actors define their national interests threats to those interests and their relationships to one another, relies heavily on international norms and their power to constrain state actions, examines how states' interests and identites are intertwined, contends that over time states can conceptualize one anothe in such a way that there is no danger of a security dilemma or arms race (all of the above)

the International Court of Justice

is most effective in arbitrating issues of secondary importance between countries with basically friendly relations

The National Security Agency

is primarily invovled with encoding US communication and breaking codes of foregin communications

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct a. is the most common flaw in classic studies of international relations b. is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true c. is incompatible with the varied and irrational ways in which states actually behave d. is the notion that states pursue exclusively those goals that ensure their survival e. cannot be taken for granted except where supported by empirical evidence

is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

foreign policy

is the strategy used by governments to guide their actions in the international arena and emphasizes the individual and domestic levels of analysis (A and C)

if a national currency is convertible, this means

it can be exchanged for another currency

what is the impact of state soverignty on the United Nations

it creates a need for the UN because no central world government coordinates the actions of states and it limits the power of the UN because states do not like to delegate power to it (A and C)

how does internatinonal law differ from national laws

it derives from tradition and international agreements rather than legislative actions and enforcement depends on reciprocity and collective actions rather than the power of central authority (A and B)

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose? a. the concept of the market help capture some of the complexities of international politics b. it illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer c. states, like markets, are subject to the law of supply and demand d. markets, like the international system, are subject to instability e. markets illustrate the importance of hierarchy, which is the ordering principle of the structure of international politics

it illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

all of the following are true about counterinsurgency EXCEPT

it is less widespread than during the Cold War

Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because

it is predominant in an area of the world where geographical and historical circumstances encourage conflict

According to Waltz, what must an international organization do to function effectively? a. it must respect the sovereignty of every state within its organization b. waltz does not believe that an international organization can act effectively c. it must acquire some of the hierarchical attributes and capabilities of a domestic state d. it must develop a means of coercing states within the organization to unite for a common cause without surrendering their equality e. it must acknowledge the essentially anarchic and decentralized nature of the international system

it must acquire some of the hierarchical attributes and capabilities of a domestic state

how has the focus of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe changed

it now runs elections and helps political parties in Easter Europe

Which of these statements best captures the logic of the predator argument as outlined by Wednt? a. predatory states will not survive for long because all other states in the system will band together to destroy them b. logically, predation must derive from flaws in human nature c. it takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way d. anarchy causes predation e. predation is an inherent characteristic of all states in an anarchic world

it takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way

how is the power of the UN Security Council limited

its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its members and member states try to evade or soften the effect of Security Council resolutions (A and C)

when a company is owned partly by an MNC and partly by a local firm or a host government itself this is known as a(n)

joint venture

groups that oppose free trade because of its negative impacts includ

labor and environmental groups

which of the following is NOT a reason corruption has more of an effect on countries in the global south than on industrializing countries

lack of guidelines regarding corruption

2. Assuring that participants keep their commitments, that contracts are binding, and that buyers pay for goods they purchase all refer to the _____ for markets.

legal framework

15. According to Gilpin, there are three theories or ideologies that explain the relationship of economics and politics that have had a pronounced influence on scholarship and political affairs: _______________, _______________, and _______________.

liberal, nationalist, Marxist

how does liberalism compare with mercantilism

liberalism is not concerned whether one state gains more or less than another, just whether the state's wealth is increaing in absolute terms, whereas mercantilism empahsizes that each state must protect its own interests at the expense of others

military action carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy is ____ war, whereas war between factions within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state of some part of it is ____ war

limited, civil

the most important cause of the extinction of species is

loss of habitat

which of the following is characteristic of the beginning of the democgraphic transition

low death rates

central banks in industrialized countries

maintain the value of the state's currency by limiting the amount of money printed and by preventing high inflation and work together to intervene in currency markets (B and C)

information technology

makes it harder to governments to hide information from each other

women's inferior social status in the global South is demonstrated by statistics on

malnourishment, levels of education, literacy rates, access to health care (all of the above)

multinational trade negotations are shifting focus from

manufactured goods to agricultual goods

which of the following is NOT an aspect of the structure of a group's decision-making process that can affect the outcome

meeting time

which of the following is NOT a consequence of a hole in the ozone layer

melting of the polar ice caps

the success of collective security depends on

members keeping their commitments to the group and members agreeing on what constitutes aggression

the glorification of war and military force, and the structing of society around war is known as

militarism

why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not

military forces participate regularly in operations against heavility armed drug traffickers

7. When two sides in a conflict maintain very similar enemy images, often reversed, of each other, this is known as _____.

mirror image

7. Printing and circulating money are part of _____ policy.

monetary policy

how is monetary policy distinguished from fiscal policy

monetary policy is goverment decisions about printing and circulating money, whereas fiscal policy is government decisiosn about spending and taxation

in a(n) _____ there is just one supplier of a product, where as a(n) ___ there are just a few large suppliers

monopoly, oligopoly

with respect to pronatalist poliices, which of the following is false

most developing countries have pronatalist policies in place, leading to rapid population growth

European states colonized what part of the world

most of the world's territories

some activists hope that the internet can asits poor villages in the global South by letting them produce traditional goods locally and market hem glboally. which of the following complicates this plan

most poor villages cannot afford the Internet, most villagers cannot read the languages of most websites, most poor villages cannot maintain computers and websitres, poor villages do not have the infrastructure for internet sales (eg. credit card processing) (all of the aboce)

the principle that whatever one WTO member-state lowers tariffs on certain kinds of imports from another member-state, all member-states are entitled to the same treatmetn with regard to their goods is known as

most-favored nation principle

_____ is the theory that economic integration generate a political dynamic that drives integrtation further

neofunctionalism

the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty calls for the end to testing of which type of weapon

nuclear

weapons of mass destruction include

nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

international laws and norms

obligate states to accept refugees who arrive at their borders

urbanization

often results in more people in countries in the global South with their basic human needs unmet

the fuel that accounts for the largest share of world energy consumption is

oil

what is the international buisness environment most condusice to the creation of wealth of MNCs

one of stable international security

with respect to the conflict regarding control of governments

one state may attempt to exert influence on another state's elections

parties to cases before the world court include

only states

20. According to Allison, the _________________ model is characterized by explanations in terms of internal organizational processes, standard operating procedures, programs, and outputs

organizational process

the _____ model of decision making relies on standard operating procedures

organizational process

among the interest groups that lobby governments on foreign policy issues are

other governments, ethnic groups concerned about their ancestral nation, wealthy buisness people, labor unions (all of the above)

with respect to the decisions of the Federal Reserve, which of the following is FALSE

other states' monetary policies do not affect the decisions of the Fed

how are the over-the-air TV and radio siganls distinguished from satellite transmissions

over-the-air signals are carried on frequencies regulated by governments, whereas satellite transmissions bypass the control of goverments

5. A(n) _____ distrusts IGOs and favors radical social change.

pacifist

which of the following is NOT a function of the UN General Assembly

passing binding resolutions

in what ways has technology strengthened the reciprocity principle as the solution to conflicts in international relations

people's identies have new sources of avenues of expression that transcend national borders

consideration of the role of sexual drives in decisions about the use of th force is characteristic of

postmodern feminism

_____ feminists find important differences between men and women that are arbirtary and flexible, whereas _______ feminists consider those differences trivial

postmodern, liberal

In 2011 Libyan revolutionaries fought dictator Muammar Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the US, leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what? a. asymmetric warfare b. power estimation c. global influence d. state equality

power estimation

Choices about how capabilities are used in situations and whether or not a state is willing to use its capabilities are known as _________ a. power strategies b. foreign policy c. negotiating decisions d. bargaining decisions

power strategies

The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the ______ a. power transition theory b. security dilemma c. hegemony stability theory d. fundamental attribution error

power transition theory

International relations is largely a(n)________ discipline a. theoretical b. practical c. economic d. historical

practical

for centuries, the gloval currency that had value in all countries was

preceious metals

efforts to unfairly capture a large share of the world markets or even near monopoly so taht eventually a compant or state can raise prices without fearing competition are known as

predatory practices

groups in foreign policy decision making

promote rationality in decision making and introduce new sources of irrationality in decision making (A and B)

which of the following prevents birth rates from being lowered

pronatalist government policies and cultures that traditionally see women as valuable only in producing babies (A and B)

11. _____ is the public promotion of policy or belief.

propaganda

14. According to _____, decision makers go through phases of editing and evaluation to reach a decision.

prospect theory

the functions of the United Nations include

providing a forum in which states can settle disputes without the use of force, promoting economic and social development in the global South, providing a coordinating system for information and planning by international agencies and programs, providing a symbol of international order (all of the above)

a unilateral method of protecting producers from foregin competition by imposing a limit on the maximum volume of allowable imports is known as

quota

which of the following is characteristic of the middle stage of demographic transition

rapid population growth

19. According to Allison, the ________________ model is characterized by explanations of what goals a government is pursuing and how its actions were reasonable choices.

rational policy

a hard currency is

readily converted into leading world currencies

how can liberal theories of IR be distinguished form realism

realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchangin, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally

devaluation of one's currency tends to

reduce the trust people place in the currency

Hegemony ____________ a. enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states b. reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system c. causes instability in the international system d. tend to allow conflicts among middle powers of small states

reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

conflict resolution

refers to the development and implementation of peaceful strategies for settling conflicts and is used more often and is more successful in the post-Cold War period (A and B)

biodiversity

refers to the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species on the Earth and is similar to global warming in that the costs of species loss are immediate and substantial, but the benefits of preserving species are long-term and ill-defined (A and C)

with respect of migrants and refugees

refugees may be granted asylum, which allows them to stay in the new state

air pollution and water pollution are more often ____ problems than ______ problems

regional, global

the IGOs that have been more successful are the ones that are _____ in scope with _____ purposes

regional, specific

religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because

religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth

which of the following is NOT a tangile interest over which conflict might occur

religious differences

which of the following is NOT a challenge associated with the transition from war to peace

representation in regional and international organizations

18. The three elements of the Kantian triangle are ____________, ____________, and ____________.

representative democracy, international law and organzation, commerece and free trade

10. _____ are foreign currencies held by states

reserves

positive peace

resolves the underlying reasons for war

the concept that governments must act to save civilians from genocide or crimes against humanity perpetuated or allowed by their own governments is

responsbility to protect

an international system based on feminine principles would include which of the following characteristcs

responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders

changing the payment terms of a loan, such as the payment period, is known as

restructing debt

10. The _____ is the movement of people back and forth between top-level government and industry jobs.

revolving door

which of the following explains the relationship between population growth and per capita income

rising per capita income slows population growth and rapid popultion growth brings about a decline in per capita income (A and B)

a new concern of activists about the sale of weapons is

sales of small arms, especially assault rifles, to unstable conflict zones

which of the following is NOT consistent with the activies pursued in the process of rational decision making

satisficing

13. Taking in only some kinds of information is known as _____

selective perception

how do semiperiphery regions compact with periphery regions

semiperiphery regions are growing more rapidly than periphery regions

difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of

seperate autonomous actors, alliances that are not permanent, pursuit of national interest, anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics (all of the above)

what is India's niche in the world economy

service and information

a crisis is a foreign policy situation characterized by

severe time constraints and decison makers under stress

ethnic groups

share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties and a common identity and come into conflict because they hate each other (A and B)

compared to global warming, addressing the hole in the ozone layer is

simpler because the consequences of ozone depletion are better understood and more immediate

which of the following is characteristic of the end of demographic transition

slow population growth

____ are concerned with the distribution of wealth between North and South as much as the absolute creation of wealth

socialists

with respect to UN peacekeeping

soldiers are typically sent to a country only when cease-fire has been arranged

what is common interest of states with respect to currencies

stability an exchange rates, so the speculators do not profit at the expense of central banks

12. Decision making by the application of general principles or noncontroversial efforts is known as _____

standard operating procedures

the use of terrorist groups by states to achieve politcal aims is

state-sponsored terrorism

what is the great weakness of the World Court

states have not agreed in a comprehensive way to obey its decisions

Which of the following is identified by Doyle as the "the basic postulates of liberal international theory"? a. state shave an obligation to respect the equal rights of their citizens b. states have a duty to intervene when the basic rights of individuals are threatened anywhere in the world c. there are certain universal human rights that must be respected by all states in the system d. states have the right to be free from foreign intervention e. strong states must protect the weak

states have the right to be free from foreign intervention

for postmodernists, the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 soverign states is evidence of a problem with which belief of realists

states have universal interests

which of the following is NOT a principle stated in the UN Charter

states should take economic and social disputes to the International Court of Justice for resolution

According to Waltz, Rousseau found the major causes of war in a. men b. states system c. states

states system

loans made on favorable concessionary terms are made from

states to states

most states voluntarily observe international law most times because

states' interests are served by the mainteance of an orderly and predictable international environment

10. _____ uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, missiles, and ships to scatter enemy radar.

stealth technology

the first step in creating crosscutting economic linkages in Europe after World War II that would prevent future wars called for the merger of which industries

steel and coal

how do strategic weapons compare to tactical weapons

strategic weapons are long-range weapons, whereas tactical weapons are short-range weapons

3. Poverty, hunger, and oppression are forms of _____ because they are caused by the framework of social relations rather than by direct actions.

structural violence

copyrights, trademarks, and patents are

subject to piracy and referred to as intellectual property (A and C)

forty percent of the EU budget is spent on

subsides to farmers

tax breaks, loans, and guaranteed high prices are examples of what type of proectionism

subsidies

which of the following is NOT a challenge presented by efforts to reduce global warming?

such efforts require the use of entirely new technology to maintain levels of economic growth

1. _____ is the right to vote

suffrage

which of the following is NOT a way in which the political economy of minerals differs from that of energy

suppliers of minerals have created cartels with influecne on supply equivalent to that of OPEC for oil

enforcement of trade agreements

takes place under universal agreement on what is fair trade

retaliation for cases of dumping usually comes in the form of

tariffs to raise the price back to market levels

NCs and the countries in which their headquarters are located come into conflict over

taxation and trade policy

____ refers to grants given in the form of expert assitance in some project

techinical cooperation

what is the primary difference between television and radio broadcasts on the one hand and telephones and the internet on the other

television and radio broadcasts are one-way communications, whereas telophones and the internet are two-way communications

what means of telocommunications is considered so important that most governments own and opereate at least one and its facilites are usually one fo teh firs siezed ina coup d'etat

television station

ethnic conflict is closely tied to conflict over

territory

with respect to terrorism, which of the following is true

terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system because unlike states they do not have a stake in that system and terrorist activiesi do not reliably achieve politcal ends (B and C)

_____ is a fairly labor-intensive industry that does not require much capital to get started, thereby reduing the capital necessary for manufactruing

textiles

how does the European Court of Justice differ from the World Court

the Court of Justice has established its right to overrule national when it conflicts with EU law and cases before the Court of Justive can be brought by individuals and buisnesses (A and B)

the chocolate wars in the EU are an examples of

the EU moving to unify standards and integration reaching into every corner of society and affecting people;s daily lives (B and C)

how does the European Parliment compare to the Council of the European Union

the European Parliment is a debating forum with limited legislative power, whereas the Council of the European Union is the legisltive body in the EU

the most successful examples of international integrations is

the European Union

How does the IMF compare to the World Bank

the IMF coordinates international currency exchange, whereas the World Bank provides loans to aid in the reconstruction and economic development of countries

the agency charged with inspecting the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nucelar materials is

the International Atomic Energy Agency

the leading arms importing region of the global South

the MIddle East

in which region is water scarcity a particular problem

the Middle East

the most important success in international negotations to preserve the global environment to date is

the Montreal Protocol on CFCs

the Iran-Contra Scandal resulted from the activities of which govenment agency

the National Security Council (NSC)

Sunni Muslim fundamentalists include

the Taliban in Afghanistan, the al Qeada terrorist group, Hamas in the Palestianan territories, Chechens who have tried to split away from Russia (all of the above)

by the begninning of the 20th century, _____ replaced ____ as the state with the world's largest and most advanced economy

the UNited States, Britain

which of the follwing is true about the capitalist world economy immediatly after WWII

the US provided massive assitance to rebuild Western Europe and Japan

of the 30 states of the industrialized West that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which one gives the lowest percentage of GDP in foreign aid

the United States

which of the following has been most reluctant to agree to a treaty calling for specfic reductions in greenhouse gas emmissions by a certain target date

the United States

major actors in trade negoations regarding agriculture are

the United States and Fracne

autonomous agencies affiliated with the UN but not under its control include

the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the UN Educational, Scientfici, and Cultural Organizations

UNESCO defines literacy as

the ability to read and write a simple sentance

according to dependency theory

the accumulation of capital cannot sustain itself within dependent countries

politicians have a difficult time running formal bureacratic agencies becaus

the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control and lower-level career officials may not owe loyalty to the politicians (A and B)

which of the following is NOT an advantage of having international cases heard in a national court

the authoirty of the national courts extends beyond the state's borders

how does the population of a country at the end of demographic transition compare to what it was at the begninning

the average age is older

neocolonialism is

the continuation of colonial explotation without formal political control

what is a major finincial issue that China will have to deal within the coming years that forces the country to choose between continued economic growth and better relations with trading partner

the degree of float of its currency

cultural imperialism refers to

the dominance of the global culture of the United States

with respect to women in the military

the evidence suggests that they perform comparably to men in a variety of roles

the main difference between war and classic terrorism is

the form has military targets, whereas the latter has civillian targets

during the cold war, most centally planned economies were found in

the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

ninety-six percent of the increase in the world's population by 2030 will be in

the global south

which of the following undermines the laws of warfare

the increase in irregular and "low-intensity" wars fought by guerrillas and death squads

the medium with the srongest political impact is

the internet, television, phones, radio (all of the above)

with respect to women in politics

the number of women serving in legislatures is increasing

which of the following is characteristic of terrorism

the primary effect of terrorism is psychological

international integration is

the process by which supranational institutions come to replace the national ones

the infant mortality rate is

the proportion of babies who die within their first year of life

the exchagne rate it

the rate at which a state's currency can be exchanged for a differnt state's currency

which of the following is a challenge to creaing free trade in Asia

the region consists of both very rich and very poor states and the region consists of democracies, dictatorships, and communist states (A and B)

which of the following is NOT a purpose of the UN Secretariat

the represent their respective member states at the UN

in what way have technological developments changed the nature of military forces

the resort to force now has more profound costs and consequences, military engagements now occur at greater distances, electornics now have a greater role in command and control, and enemy computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists (all of the above apply)

when postmodernists "deconstruct" realism, what do they find missing from its accounts of IR

the roles of individuals and multinational corporations and the role of domestic poltics and the experiencs of poor countries (B and C)

According to Posen, _________________ have considerable ability to explain and predict the probability and intensity of military conflicts among ethnic groups.

the security dilemma

with respect to the concept of the world system

the semiperiphery acts as a buffer between core and periphery

the non-proliferation treaty attempts to prevent

the spread of nuclear weapons

defense against a nucelear weapon is currently provided by

the threat to retaliate

According to Morgenthau, what differentiates the study of politics from other branches of learning? a. the lessons of political theory have no applicability to the lives of average persons b. the unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept c. politics incorporates the economic, the religious, and the moral as essential elements of its nature d. the study of politics is the study of human beings because human nature is essentially political e. politics can be understood without reference to other fiels of throught

the unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept

which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence

the use of violence would diminish the profit of economic transactions more than could be gained by such violence

how do greenhouse gases bring about global warming?

they allow solar radition to reach the Earth's surface and they trap heat waves given off by the Earth (B and C)

the role of multinatioal corporations in international political relations is one wher

they are agents of their homw national governments, national governments are agents of MNCs, they are citizens of the world beholden to no government, MNCs have cler national identites (any of the above, depending on your view)

which of the following is false with respect to international norms

they are effective only on rare occasions

with respect to international conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputres, which of the following is NOT true

they are less likely to lead to the use of violence than other types of conflicts of interst

which of the folllow ing NOT a reson why the control of small islandss causes serious interstate territorial disputes

they can add to the overall size of the country

economic conflicts affect international security insofar as

they derive from competition over strategic minerals, economic growth leads to geographic expansion as a state pursues natual resources beyond their borders, they concern technology transfar of high-tech weaponry, they involve the capacity to produce and trade military equipment (All of the Above)

when women won the right to vote after WWI

they generally voted like their husbands

with respect to chemical weapons

they have been used only rarely

why would one not want to hold the currencies of paricular coutnries

they may be losing their value rapidly due to inflation and one may not be able to trade it for another currency (B and C)

in order for women to have a profound influence on IR

they need to participate in key foreign policy positions in large numbers around the world

when industries seek to influence a state's foreign economic policy

they often face other industries with different goals

with respect to loans from the IMF

they send a signal to private lendes and investors regarding the wisdom of investing in that state

What role do states play as economic units in the process of globalization, according to economic liberalists? a. they are the driving forces b. a handful of states dominate the process c. they oppose the process d. they share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes

they share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes

which of the following is NOT characteristic of centrally planend econmies

they were dominant in African during the Cold War

with respect to international norms against genocide

they were weaker than norms of state soverignty in the case of Darfur

in the world-system, the regions that mostly extract raw material are the _____. and are reffered to as the _____

third world regions, periphery

territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state's coastline

three miles

in what ways can politics influence markets

through taxations and application of sanction

governments intervene in currency markets

to buy a currency, which increases the value of that currency

which of the following is NOT a reason states to decide to protect domestic industry

to increase the volume and value of imports into the country

Which of the following best approximates the goal Morgenthau's theory of political realism? a. to simplify the complex world of international politics b. to provide a photograph, rather than a portrait, of international politics c. to describe the dynamics of international politics as accurately as possible d. to illustrate the dangers of war e. to highlight the immorality of international politics

to simplify the complex world of international politics

with respect to warfare

today's most serious conflicts regarding conflicts mainly skirmishing rather than all-out battles

the goal ____ war is to force the surrender of the enemy's government and replace it with one of the victor's choosing

total

2. _____ is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another.

total war

peace operations of the United Nations include which of the following

traditional peacekeeping, the use of force to protect civilians, the supervision of elections, running the government until a country recovers from a conflict (all of the above)

3. _____ hear testimony to bring to light what really happened during civil wars in exchange for offering participants asylum from punishment.

truth commissions

public support for involvement in a war

typicall starts high and decreases over the long run and will tend to improve the popularity ratings of a countries leader (B and C)

which of the following complicates the rational decision model of decision making

uncertaintiy about the costs and benefits of a particular action

Based on the assigned reading, complete the following: According to Singer, the international system as a level of analysis postulates a high degree of ______ in the foreign policy operational codes of our national actors a. convergence b. diversity c. uniformity d. divergence

uniformity

The current constellation of power in the international system could be best described as a _________ system a. bipolar b. tripolar c. multipolar d. unipolar

unipolar

how is the idea of universal human rights distinguished from relativism

universal human rights are the same for all people regardless of nationality of ethnicity, whereas relativism emphasizes due respect of local traditions and histories

microcredit

uses small loans to poor people, especially to women, to support economic self-sufficiency

What can the permanent members of the UN Security Council do that nonpermenant members cannot

veto resolutions

According to Russett and Oneal, a __________ is a series of strategic interactions within an anarchic system that magnify hostility and end in war. (defensive behavior)

vicious circle

17. According to Russett and Oneal, mutually beneficial and peaceful interactions that increase over time and expand in scope constitute a __________.

virtuous circle

on the individual level of analysis

wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders and wars may be the result of deviations from rationality by national leaders (A and B)

in which group is most of the increase in Internet users occuring

wealthy people

the IMF and the World Bank use a ____ system

weighted voting

tactical nuclear weapons

were phased out by the United States and Russia when the Cold War ended

the targets of most of the direct foreing investment in the world ar

western industrialized states

cognitive balance, or the maintence of a logically consistent mental model of the world, can be achieved through

wishful thinking

with respect to the impact of gender on war and peace, difference feminists believe that

POLS 5

संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Science (1st FINAL TERM)

Combo with "HESI A2 MATH" and 1 other

anatomy and physiology 1: chapter 13

Ch 37: Musculoskeletal Trauma PrepU

chapter 10 personal finance

Exam 1

Food Chains

English Vocabulary

The Teacher Who Changed My Life Vocabulary

Economic Indicators Learning Goals

Driver's Ed Unit 1 Test

BIO110 Connect, Biology

Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4)

Blood

physics study guide

APUSH Virginia and Maryland

Water, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Balance

323- Chapter 23- Nutrition and Health Promotion

Metric Prefixes

Chapter 16: Inflation