POLS 8
A security dilemma occurs when _________ A) budget constraints do not allow for proper domestic security measures B) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states C) Governments are unable to decide on a comprehensive security strategy D) supply lines are threatened
B
Among other things, a nation is a _________ share characteristics such as language and culture A) collection of territories which B) group of people who C) set of relationships which D) a group of elected politicians who
B
Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the _________ level of analysis A) individual B) domestic C) interstate D) global
B
Hegemony _________ A) causes instability in the international system B) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system C) enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states D) tends to allow conflicts among middle powers or small states
B
How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero-sum game? A) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero-sum game, players' gains and losses cancel each other out B) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero-sum game it is possible for both players to gain or lose C) In a zero-sum game, both players win, whereas in a non-zero-sum game, both players lose D) Zero-sum games are more typical in international political economy, whereas non-zero-sum games are more typical in international security
B
Marxist approaches to IR hold that both IR and domestic policies arise from unequal relationships between ___________ A) political elites B) economic classes C) governmental agencies D) economic agencies
B
The disadvantages of dominance as a solution to collective goods problems include which of the following? A) A downward spiral of each side punishes what believes to be negative acts by the other B) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower-ranking members in the status hierarchy C) Other groups being unlikely to challenge the top groups power position D) Fueling arms races in which members respond to other members' buildup of weapons
B
The general idea that one or more states' power is being used to counter that of another state or group of states is called __________ A) bandwagoning B) balance of power C) security dilemma D) containment
B
The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ____________ A) international law B) power C) absolute gains D) morality
B
Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence? A) It is rarely an issue as most economic powers do not have strong miltary forces B) The use of violence would diminish the profit of economic transactions more than could be gained by such violence C) Privateering has been outlawed by the World Court, which has eliminated most conflicts D) The naval strength of the states in conflict deters economic conflict
B
Which of the following is a characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to the opposing forces B) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces because the two cannot be distinguished C) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army D) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory
B
Which of the following is a realist principle that postmodernists disagree with? A) State interests are subjective B) A single set of values or interests applies to all states C) States are not the central actor in IR D) International institutions are important actors in IR
B
With respect to international conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputes, which of the following is true? A) They are less likely to lead to the use of violence than conflicts of economic interest B) They are more likely to lead to the use of violence than conflicts of economic interest C) They do not involve core issues of the status and integrity of state D) The disputes among involved actors are easily resolved
B
With respect to power, ___________ A) it is easy to accurately measure the power of another state B) the relative power of a state is important to realists than the absolute power of a state C) more powerful states will always defeat weaker states in a war D) if a state's own values become widely shared among other states, it is harder to exercise power over them
B
__________ is a unique style of conflict over borders, which involves efforts by a province or region to separate from existing state A) Ethnic cleansing B) Secession C) Corruption D) Irredentism
B
For realists, which of the following is a factor that likely explains the choice of the US to be so isolationist or internationalist in its foreign policy in the 20th century? A) Regional economic considerations B) Concerns for international norms C) American security concerns D) International law and organizations
C
How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism? A) Realism believes people learn from negative historical events, whereas liberalists believe they learn from positive ones B) Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories C) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally D) Realists favor absolute gains, whereas liberals favor relative gains
C
In the United Nations, for collective security to work several states have to agree that a certain action has constituted aggression. Which state has constant power to agree to or veto such a move? A) India B) Canada C) Russia D) Germany
C
International regimes __________ A) can exist only when there is concentration of power in the international system B) can exist only when there is a dispersion of power in the international system C) are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions D) are weaker when embedded in permanent institutions
C
International relations A) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomats B) influences daily life only when war occurs C) primarily concerns the relationships among the world's governments and nonstate actors D) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between states
C
International relations revolves around the key problem of how A) to deal with the issue of global warming B) to solve global poverty C) a group can reconcile its collective/individual interests D) to properly negotiate treaties
C
Irredentism is the regaining of _________ lost to another state A) resources B) political opposition C) territory D) sovereignty
C
Levels of analysis offer __________ explanations for international events A) military B) uniform C) different D) individual
C
The __________ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings A) domestic B) global C) individual D) interstate
C
Which of the following do postmodernists mainly focus on when attempting to deconstruct dominant beliefs? A) Human behavior B) State behavior C) Discourse D) Psychology
C
__________ is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one A) Israel B) Iraq C) Taiwan D) Western Sahara
C
some scholars believe that former sec of state john dulles had such personal prejudice against communism that he always assumed the worst of soviet decision makers. this is
affective bias
secession movements
are rarely successful, sometimes want to merge their territory with a neighboring state, are treated as domestic problems that are of little concern to other states, attempt to draw international borders around a province or region to create a new state
toxic substance that creates disease
biological weapon
which of the following is a characteristic of guerilla war
civilians are punished along with guerilla forces because the 2 cant be distinguished
the sequence of steps in the rational model of decision making is
clarify goals, order by importance, list alternative, investigate consequences of alternative, and choose action
the breakup of multinational states was peaceful in which instance
czechoslovakia
what action did kosovo take in 2008 that didnt have the approval of the UN
declared independence from Serbia
democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other. this statement constitutes an example of __ level of analysis of war
domestic
the kinds of wars occurring according to predictable cycles refers to the __ level of analysis
global war
which of the following isnt a challenge faced by the US in its attempts to restrict the trafficking of cocaine?
government officials are unwilling to accept financial or military aid in the struggle against traffickets
ngos include organizations such as
green peace and international olympic committee
tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately assessing their consequences since indiviudal members tend to go along with ideas they think others support
groupthink
the agency charged with inspecting the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear material is the
international atomic energy agency
according to the clash of civilizations thesis proposed by huntington
international conflicts in the coming years will take place between the worlds major cultural groupings
outer space is considered
international territory
cia covert operations in the 1950s overthrew governments unfriendly to the US in
iran and guatemala
what is the impact of state sovereignty on the UN
it creates a need for the UN because it provides services no single state would
how does international law differ from national law
it derives from tradition and international agreements rather than legislative actions
all of the following are true about counterinsurgency except that
its less widespread than during the cold war
military action is carried out to gain some objective short of surrender and occupation of the enemy is __ war whereas war between factions within a state trying to create or prevent new government for the entire state or some part of it is __ war
limited; civil
self determination is characterized by all of the following except that
most nations desiring self determination have achieved it
the comprehensive test ban treaty calls for the end to testing of which type of weapon?
nuclear
the __ model of decision making relies on standard operating procedures
organizational process
examples of conlfict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state are
poland czech republic and albania- serbia
According to ________, all states are equal in status, if not in power A) game theory B) hegemonic stability theory C) the principle of sovereignty D) balance of power theory
C
A constructivist explanation for the US humanitarian mission to Haiti following the massive earthquake in 2010 would be that ________________ A) changing norms in society have taught us to help others in need B) in its weakened state, Haiti is more open to exploitation C) US assistance would force Haiti to become dependent on the US D) US assistance to Haiti would keep other world powers from intervening in the region
A
A feminist critique of realism would posit that it ________ A) looks at world actors as being mostly driven male participants B) seeks to limit the role of women in society C) attributes too much cooperation in the international system as being conflict driven D) was conceived in the past and has outlived its usefulness as a political theory
A
Ethnic groups ___________ A) share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties and a common identity B) all want a state of their own C) all have a state of their own D) resist ethnocentrism to keep tensions low
A
How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism? A) Difference feminists believe individual women in foreign policy and the military differ from their male counterparts, whereas liberal feminists believe women do not differ from men in their views on IR B) Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men, whereas liberal feminists believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations C) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities D) Difference feminists believe that a few well-placed women in key foreign policy positions can change the foundations of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe many women participating in foreign policy decisions are necessary to change IR
A
How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective goods problems? Dominance ________ A) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central authority B) has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity only has advantages C) forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict D) is the basis of cooperation in IR, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict
A
If China's military and economic power rose to match that of the US, and it actively opposed major objectives of the US and its NATO and other allies, the world would have a _______ A) bipolar system B) unipolar system C) multipolar system D) stable hegemon
A
In assuming rational behavior in international relations, realists typically also assume that A) a state behaves as a unitary actor moving toward its own interests B) political parties in a state will conduct foreign policy differently from each other if they assume political power C) leaders lack the necessary information for an effective cost-benefit analysis D) every person has his or her own definition of the national interest
A
On the individual level of analysis, _____________ A) wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders B) wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions C) Marxists believe capitalism leads to violence D) the expansionist and totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence
A
Sovereignty is ___________ A) a state government answering to no higher authority B) a goal of international organizations in world affairs C) the ability of one country to have influence over another D) the development of participatory institutions of social life
A
Subtext is ________ A) hidden meanings not explicitly addressed in text B) the smaller text found at the bottom of the page C) the footnotes found at the end of each chapter D) the actual textual argument found in each paragraph
A
The ability to get another actor to do what it would not otherwise have done, or not to do what it would have done, is one the definitions of __________ A) power B) anarchy C) rationality D) realism
A
The dissolving of huge multinational states like Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive force? A) Nationalism B) Internationalism C) Socialism D) Territorialism
A
Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They _________ A) do not trust each other B) believe that a balance of power provides peace C) are trying to maintain instability in the international system D) believe that a balance of power provides influence
A
Which of the following is true? A) Democracies almost never fight each other B) Democracies are generally more peaceful than authoritarian governments C) A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable democratic country D) A country in transition to democracy is as peaceful as a stable authoritarian country
A
__________ is a necessary component of a state A) Territory B) A stable government C) Strong national defense D) Democracy
A
According to realists, conflicts between middle powers and smaller states can be resolved or contained by ______________ A) state leaders B) economics C) hegemons D) diplomats
C
A state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coastline? A) 3 miles B) 10 miles C) 12 miles D) 200 miles
D
Anarchy in the international system refers to ___________ A) complete chaos B) the absence of structure and rules C) the presence of disruptive states D) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules
D
For postmodernists, the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 sovereign states is evidence of a problem with which belief of realists? States ________ A) are the central actors in IR B) pursue objective interests through international power politics C) have universal interests D) are unitary
D
For realists, the security dilemma ____________ A) doesn't occur when states act in their natural interest B) is unrelated to states acting to deter others from aggression C) is unconnected to states' need to engage in self-help D) is unsolvable because of the anarchy of the international system
D
How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles? A) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on members to sacrifice their own interests to benefit others. B) Contributions to development assistance of UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than the identity principle C) The identity principle plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do not play a role D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest
D
Lenin's idea of globalization of class relations argued that _______________ A) poor states suffered from the same class problems as those of the advanced states B) a worldwide revolution originating from an advanced state was possible due to a variety of factors C) communist revolutions were most likely to take place in advanced industrial nations D) industrialized states exploit poor countries and buy off their own working classes with the profits
D
Neoliberal scholars are in agreement with realist scholars in that ________ A) it is in the best interests of states to cooperate to ensure their security B) war and violence are rational and to be expected in the international system C) states are not rational actors in the international system D) the international system is defined by anarchy
D
Palestinians can be considered to be members of a _________ A) sovereign state B) non-sovereign state C) failed state D) nation
D
Realists are most critical of idealists for the latter's focus on ________ A) the importance of alliances B) shifts in the balance of power C) power distribution in the international system D) what should be rather than what is
D
Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because __________ A) people feel particularly vulnerable about religion B) they involve infidels C) most people are religious D) religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth
D
That there is a multiplicity of experiences and perspectives that defy easy categorization rather than a solitary, objective reality is a key idea of __________ A) Marxism B) militarism C) modernism D) postmodernism
D
That trade increases wealth, cooperation, global well-being, and, ultimately, peace is __________ A) a key belief of orthodox Marxism B) an explanation by Thomas Hobbes of how peace and cooperation are possible C) a theory developed to facilitate greater sovereignty D) an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible
D
The _________ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the _________ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes A) domestic, interstate B) global, individual C) individual, domestic D) interstate, global
D
The success of collective security depends on __________ A) the presence of a UN Security Council resolution B) a formal treaty that outlines the member commitments C) the aggressor being internationally isolated and therefore easy to oppose D) the level of commitment and agreement among member states
D
The theory that focuses on the importance of the structure of the international system, rather than the internal makeup of individual states, is known as ___________ A) neoliberal institutionalism B) classical liberalism C) constructivism D) neorealism
D
What treaty is commonly thought of as the start of the modern international system? A) Treaty of Versailles B) Treaty of Paris C) Treaty of Rome D) Treaty of Westphalia
D
Which are two intergovernmental organizations? A) Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Planned Parenthood B) World Trade Organization (WTO) and Irish Republican Army (IRA) C) Organization of Petroleum Exploring Countries (OPEC) and American Automobile Association (AAA) D) African Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
D
states use their military force for all but which of the following
to control domestic violence
the us invasion of iraq in 2003 is an example of __ war
total
how do different types of islamists compare with each other
traditional islamists are often apolitical, scholarly, and conservative islamic clerics whereas progresive islamists are devout muslims who are rational and analytical and reconcile progressive islam with modern science
all of the following are regional igos except
united nations
name the 5 veto powers
us, china, russia, britain, france
ethnic groups
share ancestral language, cultural or religious ties and common identity
the use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is
state sponsored terrorism
according to laws of war which of the following isnt true?
states are allowed to use overwhelming forces if it ends the conflicts early and prevents further casualties
most states voluntarily observe international law most of the time because
states interests are served by the maintenance of an orderly and predictable international environment
which of the following statements about islamism movements is false
sunni and shiite muslims cooperate and are unified under the islamism movements
which of the following statements regarding terrorism isnt true
terrorism is an irrational random use of violence
with respect to terrorism which of the following is true
terrorists are more willing than states to violate the norms of the international system
in what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force?
the resort to force now has more profound costs and consequences, military engagements now occur across greater distances, electronics now have a greater role in command and control, enemy computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists
which of the following isnt a reason why the control of small islands causes serious interstate territorial disputes
they add to the overall size of a country
with respect to international norms against genocide
they were weaker than norms of state sovereignty in the case of darfur
which of the following is false with respect to international norms?
theyre frequently ineffective
