Population and Immigration Test

What is cultural mosaic?

A cultural mosaic is a country that exists with many different cultures. Ex. Canada. Pros: People are allowed to retain their original cultures. Creates a culturally diverse society. Cons: Tensions could increase because there is such a variety of cultures.

Why would knowing the dependency load be useful for a government? a major bank?

Government: - Plan services for children and elderly. - Healthcare, retirement homes, child care, etc. Major bank: - Loans, pensions, etc.

How do you determine the life expectancy of a country by looking at its population pyramid?

Look at how thick it is at the top.

If Country A has a Birth Rate of 33 births per 1000 people and a Death Rate of 14 deaths per 1000 people, what is it's Natural Increase Rate?

Natural increase = births - deaths 19/1000 X 100 = 1.9%

How do you calculate population growth rate? BR: 13 births per 1000 per year DR: 8 deaths per 1000 per year NMR: +3 people per 1000 per year

((birth rate - death rate) +/- Net Migration Rate) * 100 = % Answer = 0.8%

Why would there be high birth rates in countries with a low development rate?

- Play the odds (have as many children as they can so some make to adulthood) - Lack of contraceptives. - Old age security. - Help on farms (LEDCs rely on agriculture/primary industries. Must have lots of cheap labour.) - Lack of education (No skill or abilities which lead to doing nothing) - Women's roles (They have not much to do in some countries/religions.)

What are some examples of push factors?

- Social issues. Their culture is not welcome in the country. - Political issues. Corrupt government and terrorism. - Economic issues. Poor economy. - Environmental forces. Too cold/too hot.

What are pull factors?

- The political, social, economic, and environmental reasons that draw people to move to a particular place. Pull factors offer some solutions to the problems that were left behind.

What is ZPG?

- Zero Population Growth occurs when births plus immigration equals deaths plus emigration. - There is no growth in population for country.

Birth Rate

The number of people born in a place per 1000 people per year.

Death Rate

The number of people that die in a place per 1000 people per year.

In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model would you put the following statements: a. Politicians worry more about the 'oldies' vote. b. A worldwide immunization programme eradicates a disease responsible for the death of millions. c. Governments introduce tax incentives for families that have more than two children. d. The immigration of skilled workers and their families is encouraged. e. Grandparents are rare.

4 2 5 4 1

What is a population pyramid? What are its three stages?

A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sex structure of a population. The three stages are: Older adults (65+) Working Adults (15-64) Children (under 15)

What is a census?

An official count of a particular population.

What was the baby boom?

Between 1946 and 1961, Canada was in the midst of a baby boom. This was a time when birth rates rose sharply. People born during this time are known as baby boomers.

Why would there be low birth rates in countries with a high development rate?

Birth control (precautions to prevent birth while having procreation Old age security in MEDCs such as pensions or bank systems. Stronger women education and rights. Women more focused on their careers than having a family.

Natural Increase Rate

Birth rate - death rate per 1000 people per year.

Three types of immigrants:

Economic immigrants - 67 points for skilled workers - 35 points for a business class immigrant (they have lots of money) Family immigrants - reuniting close relatives from other countries (children, parents, grandparents) - Sponsored by a relative in Canada Refugees - someone who is forced to leave his country due to political, environmental, or social dangers.

What are examples of intervening obstacles?

Emotional eg. leaving behind loved ones Financial eg. cost of entry visa Physical eg. Afghan migrants crossing a mountain range to get to Pakistan. Political eg. the policy in Cuba that prevents people from leaving as they wish.

At what point on the Demographic Transition Model is the population growing the fastest?

In between stage 2 & 3.

What is the Rule of 70?

It gives an estimate of how many years it will take for a population to double. 70/population growth rate = doubling time

What is demographic transition? Draw the model.

It is the five stages a country passes through regarding its population. Stage 1: High birth rate, high death rate = little or no growth Stage 2: High birth rate, falling death rate = high growth Stage 3: Declining birth rate, relatively low death rate = slowed growth Stage 4: Low birth rate, low death rate = very low population growth Stage 5: Very low birth rate, low death rate = negative population growth

What is demography?

It is the study of human populations.

Why do most immigrants choose to go to only a few destinations? Consider the advantages that these large cities provide to new residents from other countries.

Large cities are equipped with people that can help them settle into a new home. The new immigrants also want to go to the most well known city. There are more jobs and education opportunity.

What is melting pot?

Melting pot is a country that wants assimilation. There's little cultural diversity because the nation wants one dominant culture. Ex. USA. Pros: Cheaper, less language translators needed, less religious buildings to be built. Cons: People are expected to abandon their original culture.

Which 4 provinces attract the most immigrants? Why do the sources of immigrants change over the years?

Ontario, BC, Quebec, and Alberta. There are changing political, economic, and natural factors in the world as well as in Canada.

What are push factors?

Push factors are reasons why people to leave their home area or country for another because of needs.

Identify at least two push factors that might cause people to leave Canada. Identify two pull factors that may cause people to migrate to Canada.

Push factors: Climate is too cold. Lack of job opportunities. Pull factors: Family members. The emigrant's culture is accepted in Canada.

What burdens do the new arrivals put on these cities?

Require resources such as housing, which is very scarce in cities like Toronto, and an influx of immigrants would increase the pricing even more. Also, the immigrants need help to have their bank accounts and medical records set up. Need training for employment. Stereotypes can be created.

What are examples of pull factors?

Safety - from natural disasters and human conflict. Economic opportunity - opportunities for jobs and a better quality life. Reuniting family - father may migrate first to find a job and a home before sending for the rest of the family.

What do population pyramids in stages 2, 3, & 4 look like?

Stage 2 - triangle Stage 3 - rectangle Stage 4 - wide middle, thinner base.

Define Total Fertility Rate:

The average number of children a woman in a country/place would have in her lifetime.

What is multicultural?

The characteristic of a society that is made up of many different cultures. Immigrants in Canada come from many different countries such as the Philippines and China, which makes us a multicultural country.

Define Infant Mortality Rate:

The number of infants aged 1 or younger that die per 1000 babies per year.

What is a dependency load? How do you calculate it?

The part of the population that must be supported is called the dependency load. If there are lots of children (less than 15) and elderly (65 or greater), then the cost of taking care of them are very high. Ratio = (dependent/economically active) x 100 NOT A PERCENT

Describe 3 economic implications of Canada's aging population

The workforce is older, therefore, there are more injuries and more time off needed. This makes them less productive. More money has to be invested into retirement homes and healthcare. Taxes will increase. Market will begin to cater for the elderly.

How do economic immigrants come to Canada?

There is a points system based on: Education, English and French ability, arranged employment, work experience, age, adaptability (includes family).

What are intervening obstacles?

They are reasons that may discourage or prevent a person from migrating.

What benefits do new immigrants bring to cities such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver?

They take jobs that few residents want such as nannies, and low pay factory work. Diversify the culture, as they can bring their food and customs. Skills, expertise comes in, contributes to the economy.

How could such a high number of young dependents cause difficulty in development?

Very high demand for services like education and healthcare. Meanwhile, there are less working adults to provide the taxes/funds to make them possible. There will be population momentum meaning that the population will continue to grow extremely fast, requiring more jobs.