Porifera Review Sheet
Sessile
Adult sponges are________because they stay attached to rocks,ect. and do not move.
Pores
All sponges have bodies covered with many openings called
Calcium Carbonate
Calcareous "chalk" sponges have spicules made of
Flagella
Choanocytes have whip like structures called_________that flutter and creat the water current that flows through the pores
Two
How many cell layers do sponges have?
Spongocoel
In many sponges there is a large open central area called a
Amoebocytes
In the mesenchyme there are amebalike cells that move around, digest, and transport materials around the sponge called
Spicules
In the mesenchyme there are spiked structures that form a skeletal framework for support for sponges called
Oscula/Osculum
Larger excurrent pores that send water out of the sponges are called
Plankton
Microscopic plants and animals called called_______are trapped by the sticky collars of the sponge's choanocytes and used for food.
Monoecious
Most sponges produce both sperm and egg cells They are called
Level 1 (cells)
On what level of organization do sponges exist
Asexual
Reproduction that involves the production of diploid cells by one parent is called_______reproduction.
Sexual
Reproduction that involves the production of two haploid cells that then unite to form offspring is called_________reproduction.
Silicon Dioxide
Silica "Glass" sponges have spicules made of
Filter Feeders
Since sponges circulate water through their bodies and remove plankton, they are called
Ostia/Ostium
Smaller incurrent pores that draw water into the sponge are called
Spicules_
Sponges are classified according to the material used to form their
Diffusion
Sponges exchange gases with their watery environment through the process of simple
Choanocytes
Sponges have "collar cells" called
Fertilization
Sponges release sperm into the the water. Sperm cells then swim to and unite with egg cells in a process called
Protect
The ectoderm is used to__________the sponge.
Endoderm
The inside skin layer of sponges is called the
Mesenchyme
The middle noncellular layer of sponges is called the
Ectoderm
The outside skin layer of sponges is called the
Internal
The sperm cells fertilize the egg cells inside the sponges body. This is called________fertilization.
Larvae
What stage of a sponge's life cycle is the sponge motile?
sponge
a poriferan refers to some type of
aquatic
all sponges are considered __ because they live in water.
marine
most sponges are considered ___ because they live in water with a salinity of 3.5% or greater
Fresh water
some sponges are considered __ because they live in water with a salinity of less than 3.5%.
radial
some sponges' body structures exhibit a tubular circular arrangement with numerous planes that create identical parts. This is called ___ symmetry.
Asymmetrical
some sponges' body structures exhibit no symmetry; they are called
simplest
sponges are ___ of all the organisms in the Animal Kingdom.
colony
sponges are sometimes considered a __ of cells because they lack true tissues.
regeneration
sponges can also reform lost/damaged body parts. This is called
gemmules
sponges can produced groups of cells enclosed in tough outer coats that can remain dormant during unfavorable living conditions and then emerge and grow into adult sponges when favorable conditions return. These cell packets are called
fragmentation
sponges can regenerate entirely new and complete sponges from pieces of another sponge. This is called
budding
sponges can reproduce asexually by forming new individuals that grow out from the sides of the adult's body. This is called
Invertebrates
sponges lack a backbone; therefore they are called
salinity
the concentration of salt in water is called
Animalia
the kingdom that includes multicellular heterotrophs that are usually characterized by their ability to move is
Porifera
the phylum of animals that means "pore bearing" is
Morphology
the study of body form is called