Porifera Review Sheet

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Sessile

Adult sponges are________because they stay attached to rocks,ect. and do not move.

Pores

All sponges have bodies covered with many openings called

Calcium Carbonate

Calcareous "chalk" sponges have spicules made of

Flagella

Choanocytes have whip like structures called_________that flutter and creat the water current that flows through the pores

Two

How many cell layers do sponges have?

Spongocoel

In many sponges there is a large open central area called a

Amoebocytes

In the mesenchyme there are amebalike cells that move around, digest, and transport materials around the sponge called

Spicules

In the mesenchyme there are spiked structures that form a skeletal framework for support for sponges called

Oscula/Osculum

Larger excurrent pores that send water out of the sponges are called

Plankton

Microscopic plants and animals called called_______are trapped by the sticky collars of the sponge's choanocytes and used for food.

Monoecious

Most sponges produce both sperm and egg cells They are called

Level 1 (cells)

On what level of organization do sponges exist

Asexual

Reproduction that involves the production of diploid cells by one parent is called_______reproduction.

Sexual

Reproduction that involves the production of two haploid cells that then unite to form offspring is called_________reproduction.

Silicon Dioxide

Silica "Glass" sponges have spicules made of

Filter Feeders

Since sponges circulate water through their bodies and remove plankton, they are called

Ostia/Ostium

Smaller incurrent pores that draw water into the sponge are called

Spicules_

Sponges are classified according to the material used to form their

Diffusion

Sponges exchange gases with their watery environment through the process of simple

Choanocytes

Sponges have "collar cells" called

Fertilization

Sponges release sperm into the the water. Sperm cells then swim to and unite with egg cells in a process called

Protect

The ectoderm is used to__________the sponge.

Endoderm

The inside skin layer of sponges is called the

Mesenchyme

The middle noncellular layer of sponges is called the

Ectoderm

The outside skin layer of sponges is called the

Internal

The sperm cells fertilize the egg cells inside the sponges body. This is called________fertilization.

Larvae

What stage of a sponge's life cycle is the sponge motile?

sponge

a poriferan refers to some type of

aquatic

all sponges are considered __ because they live in water.

marine

most sponges are considered ___ because they live in water with a salinity of 3.5% or greater

Fresh water

some sponges are considered __ because they live in water with a salinity of less than 3.5%.

radial

some sponges' body structures exhibit a tubular circular arrangement with numerous planes that create identical parts. This is called ___ symmetry.

Asymmetrical

some sponges' body structures exhibit no symmetry; they are called

simplest

sponges are ___ of all the organisms in the Animal Kingdom.

colony

sponges are sometimes considered a __ of cells because they lack true tissues.

regeneration

sponges can also reform lost/damaged body parts. This is called

gemmules

sponges can produced groups of cells enclosed in tough outer coats that can remain dormant during unfavorable living conditions and then emerge and grow into adult sponges when favorable conditions return. These cell packets are called

fragmentation

sponges can regenerate entirely new and complete sponges from pieces of another sponge. This is called

budding

sponges can reproduce asexually by forming new individuals that grow out from the sides of the adult's body. This is called

Invertebrates

sponges lack a backbone; therefore they are called

salinity

the concentration of salt in water is called

Animalia

the kingdom that includes multicellular heterotrophs that are usually characterized by their ability to move is

Porifera

the phylum of animals that means "pore bearing" is

Morphology

the study of body form is called


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