portal of exit

when does portal of exit occur?

after microorganism finds a site to grow and multiply -so they can enter another host

organisms that are normal flora

in one person can be pathogens in another -organisms exit when a person expectorates saliva

Reproductive Tract

organisms such as neisseria gonorrhea and HIV exit thorugh the man urethral meatus or women's vaginal cannal during sexual contact

Droplet

(sprays or splashes) -respiratory or other secretions -ebola

portal of exit sites include:

-blood -skin and mucus membranes -respiratory tract -genitourinary tract (GU) -GI tract -Transplacental (mother to fetus)

direct contact

-blood or bodily fluids -if person is sick -Ebola (direct and droplet)

GI Tract

-mouth is one of the most bacterial contaminated sites of the human body, must most the organism is normal flora -GI portal of exit include emesis, bowel elimination, drainage of bile via surgical wounds or drainage tubes

Blood

-normal sterile body fluid -in case of communicable disease such as HBV, HCV, HIB it becomes a reservior for pathogens -Organisms exit from wounds, ventipuncture sites, hemetemesis, and bloodly stool

urinary tract

-normal urine is sterile -when patient has UTI the microorganism exit during urination

respiratory tract

-pathogens that infect the respiratory tract such as influneza virus -released from the body when an infected person sneezes or coughs

skin and mucus membrane

-skin is considered a portal of exit because an breaks of integrity of the skin and mucus membrane allow pathogens to exit the body -may be exhibited by the purulent of purulent drainage