Porth's PrepU: Chapter 30- Disorders of Blood Flow in the Systemic Circulation

The smooth muscle cells produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels due to innervation by which part of the nervous system?

Sympathetic

The professor knows that the pathophysiology student understands the structure and function of blood vessels when the student states which of the following?

"Capillaries permit the exchange of material between the blood and interstitial fluid."

A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease?

"I should have my LDL monitored."

An elderly client newly diagnosed with systolic hypertension asks her health care provider why this happens. The most accurate response would be:

"With age, your arteries lose their elasticity and are replaced with collagen, which makes your arteries stiffer."

Which of the following clients are at risk for venous thrombosis? Select all that apply.

-A client on bed rest after an acute myocardial infarction -A client taking oral contraceptive -A client who has had total hip replacement surgery

Which other tissues, besides the liver, utilize the LDL receptor-dependent pathway to obtain cholesterol needed for membrane and hormone synthesis? Select all that apply.

-Adrenal glands -Lymphoid cells -Smooth muscle cells

By definition, hypertension is systolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of ____ mm Hg or higher.

140; 90

The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which of the following initial signs of this condition?

A pulsating mass in the abdomen

Which of the following types of aortic aneurysms is the most common?

Abdominal aortic

Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for the development of primary hypertension?

African American race

Which of the following clients should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An 80-year-old elderly client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The most important intervention for the nurse to implement would be:

Apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following lab results would the practitioner expect?

Elevation of triglycerides

In pregnancy, which of the following data are diagnostic for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?

Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disease?

C-reactive protein

From which one of the following sites is a fatal pulmonary thromboembolism most likely to originate?

Deep vein thrombophlebitis of the leg

The client is immobilized following a hip injury and has begun demonstrating lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, tenderness, and increased warmth in the midcalf area. He has many of the manifestations of:

Deep vein thrombosis

The client has been diagnosed with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of her legs. The nurse explains that which of the following is the most common cause of this condition?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

The nurse is assessing the electrical activity of the heart recorded on the ECG. What does the P wave represent?

Depolarization of the sinoarterial node

A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute pain in his left lower leg. The practitioner is unable to palpate pedal pulses and finds the patient to be in atrial fibrillation. Which of the following tests will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli?

Echocardiogram

Raynaud disease or phenonemon is a functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in which of the following?

Fingers

The nurse is providing medication teaching to a client recently diagnosed with polyarteritis nodosa. The nurse explains that the client will receive three months of cytotoxic immunosuppressant agents followed by which of the following?

Glucocorticoids

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

A 50-year-old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?

HDL

A patient comes to the clinic complaining of anorexia, weight loss, fever, fatigue along with paresthesias, pain, and weakness of the lower extremities. Assessment findings include reddish blue, mottled areas of discoloration to the skin of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings include an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis, anemia, and abnormal liver function tests. A diagnosis of necrotizing vasculitis is confirmed through

High-dose corticosteroid therapy and cytotoxic immunosuppressant agents

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

Hypercholesterolemia

The health care provider is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Hypertension

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholestrol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which of the following lipoproteins is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

Because cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, it is mainly carried by which of the following lipoproteins?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism?

Pallor, pulselessness, and pain

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which of the following physiologic processes?

Peripheral vascular resistance

A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:

Pulmonary embolism

A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. Which of the following is a potential diagnosis for this patient?

Raynaud's disease

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. The best response would be: Select all that apply.

Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels Weight reduction if overweight

A client reporting a headache is diagnosed with giant cell arteritis. The nurse is aware that the vessels most commonly affected are the:

Temporal

The post-operative client has a catheter in his brachial artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Which of the following assessments would be a concern for the nurse?

The client states his hand is numb.

Which of the following blood vessel layers is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

Which of the following blood vessel cells form the predominant cellular layer in the tunica media and produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back