Practice Exam
glute
butt
which of the following is a characteristic of cardia muscle
composed of small cells with branching ends
pericardial cavity
encloses the heart
the study of tissues is called
histology
list two types of CT proper
loose and dense
cervicis
neck
stratified squamous
surface of the skin
during ventricular systole,
the AV valves are closed
dorsal cavity contains what
the brain
anterior
ventral
what are the five layers of the stratified squamous ET found in the epidermis is
CLGSB stratum corneim stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale
three major classes of connective tissue?
CT proper, fluid CT, and supporting CT
four types of tissue found in body
ET, CT, muscle T, nervous
the basic components of all connective tissue types include
a specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and a ground substance fluid
which of the following is not apart of thoracic body cavity?
abdominal cavity
presence of large numbers of microvilli on exposed surface of epithelia cells indicate
absorption and secretion take place here, transportation specialists, probably located along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts
tarsus
ankle
coronal section is
anterior/posterior section
the inferior tip of the heart is the
apex
an epithelium always has an exposed surface, which is referred to as the
apical
ET cells usually have
basement membrane, unevenly distributed organelles, apical and basolateral cell membranes with different associated proteins and functions, a basolateral cell membrane that is the same on the apical surface
the following structures are the only ones in the dorsal cavity
brain, spinal cord
which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the inter ventricular septum
bundle branches
what is true about the contraction of the heart
cardiac contractions are coordinated by specialized conducting cardiac muscle cells/fibers
which of the following is not an example of loose connective tissue
cartilage
towards the tail
caudal
bucca
cheek
ventral body cavity
contains all of the viscera
abdominal cavity
contains most of the peritoneum
goose bumps occur because of what
contraction of the arrector pili muscles
blood is supplied to the myocardium through the
coronary arteries
which of the following cavities is not part of the ventral cavity?
cranial
the shapes of epithelial cells are what three categories
cuboidal, columnar, squamous
study of smallest living units
cytology
farther from the surface
deep
lymphatic system
defense against infection and disease
the fibers in ____________ CT form and interwoven meshwork that doesn't show a consistent pattern, but maintains tensile strength in all directions
dense irregular CT
the periosteum surrounds a bone is composed of
dense irregular connective tissue
tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of _______ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parallel to applied forces
dense regular CT
the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram represents
depolarization of the ventricles occurring
internally the thoracic from the abdominal cavities are separated by the
diaphragm
the _______ system breaks chemicals down and absorbs them into the body
digestive
endocrine system
directing ling term changes in the activities of other organ systems
away form an attached base, away from midline
distal
the fingers are______ to the elbow
distal
urinary system
elimination of excessive water, salt, and waste products
excretion involves,
elimination of waste materials from the body
dorsal body cavity
encloses brain and spinal cord
which type of ET tissue releases hormones by exocytosis into fluid surrounding the cell
endocrine
which type of tissue lines innermost part of a blood vessel
endothelium
fibrocytes
engulf damaged or dead cells or pathogens that enter the tissue, although they are not abundant they mobilize body's defense. activate immune system and attract wandering cells
the prone position is
face down, anatomical position
adipocytes
fat cells
which of these regions corresponds to the thigh?
femoral
which type of cell is the most abundant and responsible for producing connective tissue fibers and maintaining the matrix
fibroblasts
areolar tissue is found in all but which location?
found between muscles, around blood vessels, and within and deep to the dermis of the skin not found in the framework of the liver or other organ systems
ET tissues comprises coverings or linings called epithelia and secretory structures called
glands
simple cuboidal
glands, ducts, and portions of the kidney tubules, thyroid gland
___________ and __________ make up the matrix that surrounds the cells of a connective tissue
ground substance, extracellular fibers
manus
hand
during_______________ secretion, the entire cell burst apart, releasing contents and dying in the process
holocrine
the superficial fascia, also called the subcutaneous layer, or ___________ is the layer of loose connective tissue sandwiched between the skin and the underlying tissues and organs
hypodermis
an artery is different than a vein because
in a cross section the lumen of a vein appears to be thrown into folds during vasoconstriction, while and artery remains smooth
the main pacemaker region of the heart is
in the wall of the right atrium
cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called
intercalated discs
human anatomy is the study of
internal and external structures and the physical relationship between structures in the human body
cardiac muscle differs from other muscle tissue in
it has fibers connected to one another at intercalated discs
anatomical terms are derived of
latin and greek
the_______chamber receives ______(O2 RICH/POOR)____blood from the ______ vessels
left atrium receives 02 rich blood from the pulmonary veins
dense regular CT is found where
ligaments, tendons, covering skeletal muscles
simple squamous
lining of blood vessels and heart
simple columnar
lining of stomach and intestine
muscular system
locomotion, support, and heat production
heart is to pericardial cavity as ______ is to pleural cavities
lungs
the major function of this system is to defend against infection and return tissue fluid to the blood
lymphatic system
which if the following cells can be found in connective tissue
macrophages, fibroblasts, and osteocytes
the directional term that means towards the midline
medial
the separation between the lungs and superior to the heart is
mediastinum
cells responsible for causing the carious amounts of dark coloration are
melanocytes
what is the name of the connective tissue cell that is a stem cell that can differentiate into other connective cell types?
mesenchymal cells
the plane that divides the body into equal left and right sections
mid sagittal
the plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves?
midsagittal
skeletal muscles are..
multinucleate
fibroblast
one of the two most abundant fixed cells in CT proper and are always present. responsible for the production of all connective tissue fibers
loose connective tissue does not have
parallel, packed fibers
serous membrane that lines inside surface of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
the________ is one of 3 types of serous membrane, covers the heart and lines the cavity that contains it
pericardium
most of the digestive organs are contained in the _______ cavity, which is named for the membrane that surrounds it
peritoneal
the back, behind
posterior, dorsal
integumentary system
protection from environmental hazards, temp. control
which of the following is not one of the functions of connective tissue?
provide sensation-- they provide protection for delicate organs, transport fluid and dissolve materials, defend the body from invasion by microorganisms, and store energy
the hip is _____ to the knee
proximal
the ______ system allows for gas exchange with the environment
respiratory
basic function of a living organism that governs how the individual reacts to stimuli
responsiveness
the plane that divided the body into right and left halves?
sagittal
which type of membrane has a function of reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity
serous membrane
what type of epithelial lines protected regions where rapid absorption needs to occur?
simple squamous
muscle tisse types are what
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
___________ muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs such as the bladder and the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and reproductive tracts
smooth
growth and differentiation often includes
specialization of individual cells, increase in cell size, increase in cell numbers, changes in form and function
mesenchymal
stem cells, respond to local injury by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate
the cell type in which the epidermis is composed of is
stratified squamous ET
what type of epithelia might be present where mechanical stress is severe?
stratified squamous epithelium
which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin of the palms and soles?
stratum lucidum
at, near, or close to the body surface
superficial
toward the head
superior
the nipple is ____ and _____ to the umbilical
superior and lateral
skeletal system
supports, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell formation
pleural cavity
surrounds each lung
melanocytes
synthesize and store a brown pigment
which of the following is correct for levels of organization from the most to least complex?
system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
the left ventricle is associated with what
the bicuspid valve, the papillary muscles, aorta, and trabeculae carnae
which the organs occupy the pelvic cavity
the bladder
the brain is in what cavity
the cranial
the thoracic cavity is operated from the abdominopelvic cavity by
the diaphragm
most of the thickness of the heart wall is
the myocardium
what is not true of simple epithelia?
they cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress
what is the function of parietal parts of the membranes lining the ventral cavity?
they secrete lubrication to allow organs to slide by one another without friction
what is a function of connective tissue?
they support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types
literal translation of word anatomy
to cut up
the _________ plane separates body into upper and lower section
transverse
blood travels between the right atrium and right ventricle between the
tricuspid valve
a very thick connective tissue sheath, composed of collagen fibers, assists in anchoring the blood vessel is
tunica externa
the innermost layer of a blood vessel is
tunica interna
organ systems are,
units with related functions, formed by two or more organs, large enough to be studied without microscope, interdependent on one another
pain originating from the spleen would most likely be felt in the __________ abdomino-pelvic quadrant
upper left
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
urinary bladder
which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelia?
vascularity
two layers of a serous membrane are
visceral and parietal
