Practice Exam

glute

butt

which of the following is a characteristic of cardia muscle

composed of small cells with branching ends

pericardial cavity

encloses the heart

the study of tissues is called

histology

list two types of CT proper

loose and dense

cervicis

neck

stratified squamous

surface of the skin

during ventricular systole,

the AV valves are closed

dorsal cavity contains what

the brain

anterior

ventral

what are the five layers of the stratified squamous ET found in the epidermis is

CLGSB stratum corneim stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale

three major classes of connective tissue?

CT proper, fluid CT, and supporting CT

four types of tissue found in body

ET, CT, muscle T, nervous

the basic components of all connective tissue types include

a specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and a ground substance fluid

which of the following is not apart of thoracic body cavity?

abdominal cavity

presence of large numbers of microvilli on exposed surface of epithelia cells indicate

absorption and secretion take place here, transportation specialists, probably located along portions of the digestive and urinary tracts

tarsus

ankle

coronal section is

anterior/posterior section

the inferior tip of the heart is the

apex

an epithelium always has an exposed surface, which is referred to as the

apical

ET cells usually have

basement membrane, unevenly distributed organelles, apical and basolateral cell membranes with different associated proteins and functions, a basolateral cell membrane that is the same on the apical surface

the following structures are the only ones in the dorsal cavity

brain, spinal cord

which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the inter ventricular septum

bundle branches

what is true about the contraction of the heart

cardiac contractions are coordinated by specialized conducting cardiac muscle cells/fibers

which of the following is not an example of loose connective tissue

cartilage

towards the tail

caudal

bucca

cheek

ventral body cavity

contains all of the viscera

abdominal cavity

contains most of the peritoneum

goose bumps occur because of what

contraction of the arrector pili muscles

blood is supplied to the myocardium through the

coronary arteries

which of the following cavities is not part of the ventral cavity?

cranial

the shapes of epithelial cells are what three categories

cuboidal, columnar, squamous

study of smallest living units

cytology

farther from the surface

deep

lymphatic system

defense against infection and disease

the fibers in ____________ CT form and interwoven meshwork that doesn't show a consistent pattern, but maintains tensile strength in all directions

dense irregular CT

the periosteum surrounds a bone is composed of

dense irregular connective tissue

tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments are all composed of _______ connective tissue, which contains tightly packed collagen fibers aligned parallel to applied forces

dense regular CT

the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram represents

depolarization of the ventricles occurring

internally the thoracic from the abdominal cavities are separated by the

diaphragm

the _______ system breaks chemicals down and absorbs them into the body

digestive

endocrine system

directing ling term changes in the activities of other organ systems

away form an attached base, away from midline

distal

the fingers are______ to the elbow

distal

urinary system

elimination of excessive water, salt, and waste products

excretion involves,

elimination of waste materials from the body

dorsal body cavity

encloses brain and spinal cord

which type of ET tissue releases hormones by exocytosis into fluid surrounding the cell

endocrine

which type of tissue lines innermost part of a blood vessel

endothelium

fibrocytes

engulf damaged or dead cells or pathogens that enter the tissue, although they are not abundant they mobilize body's defense. activate immune system and attract wandering cells

the prone position is

face down, anatomical position

adipocytes

fat cells

which of these regions corresponds to the thigh?

femoral

which type of cell is the most abundant and responsible for producing connective tissue fibers and maintaining the matrix

fibroblasts

areolar tissue is found in all but which location?

found between muscles, around blood vessels, and within and deep to the dermis of the skin not found in the framework of the liver or other organ systems

ET tissues comprises coverings or linings called epithelia and secretory structures called

glands

simple cuboidal

glands, ducts, and portions of the kidney tubules, thyroid gland

___________ and __________ make up the matrix that surrounds the cells of a connective tissue

ground substance, extracellular fibers

manus

hand

during_______________ secretion, the entire cell burst apart, releasing contents and dying in the process

holocrine

the superficial fascia, also called the subcutaneous layer, or ___________ is the layer of loose connective tissue sandwiched between the skin and the underlying tissues and organs

hypodermis

an artery is different than a vein because

in a cross section the lumen of a vein appears to be thrown into folds during vasoconstriction, while and artery remains smooth

the main pacemaker region of the heart is

in the wall of the right atrium

cardiac muscle fibers form extensive connections with one another at specialized regions called

intercalated discs

human anatomy is the study of

internal and external structures and the physical relationship between structures in the human body

cardiac muscle differs from other muscle tissue in

it has fibers connected to one another at intercalated discs

anatomical terms are derived of

latin and greek

the_______chamber receives ______(O2 RICH/POOR)____blood from the ______ vessels

left atrium receives 02 rich blood from the pulmonary veins

dense regular CT is found where

ligaments, tendons, covering skeletal muscles

simple squamous

lining of blood vessels and heart

simple columnar

lining of stomach and intestine

muscular system

locomotion, support, and heat production

heart is to pericardial cavity as ______ is to pleural cavities

lungs

the major function of this system is to defend against infection and return tissue fluid to the blood

lymphatic system

which if the following cells can be found in connective tissue

macrophages, fibroblasts, and osteocytes

the directional term that means towards the midline

medial

the separation between the lungs and superior to the heart is

mediastinum

cells responsible for causing the carious amounts of dark coloration are

melanocytes

what is the name of the connective tissue cell that is a stem cell that can differentiate into other connective cell types?

mesenchymal cells

the plane that divides the body into equal left and right sections

mid sagittal

the plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves?

midsagittal

skeletal muscles are..

multinucleate

fibroblast

one of the two most abundant fixed cells in CT proper and are always present. responsible for the production of all connective tissue fibers

loose connective tissue does not have

parallel, packed fibers

serous membrane that lines inside surface of the thoracic cavity

parietal pleura

the________ is one of 3 types of serous membrane, covers the heart and lines the cavity that contains it

pericardium

most of the digestive organs are contained in the _______ cavity, which is named for the membrane that surrounds it

peritoneal

the back, behind

posterior, dorsal

integumentary system

protection from environmental hazards, temp. control

which of the following is not one of the functions of connective tissue?

provide sensation-- they provide protection for delicate organs, transport fluid and dissolve materials, defend the body from invasion by microorganisms, and store energy

the hip is _____ to the knee

proximal

the ______ system allows for gas exchange with the environment

respiratory

basic function of a living organism that governs how the individual reacts to stimuli

responsiveness

the plane that divided the body into right and left halves?

sagittal

which type of membrane has a function of reducing friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity

serous membrane

what type of epithelial lines protected regions where rapid absorption needs to occur?

simple squamous

muscle tisse types are what

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

___________ muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs such as the bladder and the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and reproductive tracts

smooth

growth and differentiation often includes

specialization of individual cells, increase in cell size, increase in cell numbers, changes in form and function

mesenchymal

stem cells, respond to local injury by dividing to produce daughter cells that differentiate

the cell type in which the epidermis is composed of is

stratified squamous ET

what type of epithelia might be present where mechanical stress is severe?

stratified squamous epithelium

which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin of the palms and soles?

stratum lucidum

at, near, or close to the body surface

superficial

toward the head

superior

the nipple is ____ and _____ to the umbilical

superior and lateral

skeletal system

supports, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell formation

pleural cavity

surrounds each lung

melanocytes

synthesize and store a brown pigment

which of the following is correct for levels of organization from the most to least complex?

system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

the left ventricle is associated with what

the bicuspid valve, the papillary muscles, aorta, and trabeculae carnae

which the organs occupy the pelvic cavity

the bladder

the brain is in what cavity

the cranial

the thoracic cavity is operated from the abdominopelvic cavity by

the diaphragm

most of the thickness of the heart wall is

the myocardium

what is not true of simple epithelia?

they cover surfaces subjected to mechanical and chemical stress

what is the function of parietal parts of the membranes lining the ventral cavity?

they secrete lubrication to allow organs to slide by one another without friction

what is a function of connective tissue?

they support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types

literal translation of word anatomy

to cut up

the _________ plane separates body into upper and lower section

transverse

blood travels between the right atrium and right ventricle between the

tricuspid valve

a very thick connective tissue sheath, composed of collagen fibers, assists in anchoring the blood vessel is

tunica externa

the innermost layer of a blood vessel is

tunica interna

organ systems are,

units with related functions, formed by two or more organs, large enough to be studied without microscope, interdependent on one another

pain originating from the spleen would most likely be felt in the __________ abdomino-pelvic quadrant

upper left

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

urinary bladder

which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelia?

vascularity

two layers of a serous membrane are

visceral and parietal