Practice questions for research test 1

Which relationship diagram below best represents the following hypothesis? "Conventional gauze dressings cause fewer skin changes in wound sites than dohydrocolloid or hydroactive dressings." A.Gauze dressing ----------> skin changes B.Type of dressing ---------> skin changes C.Type of dressing <---------> wound site D.Gauze dressing <--------- wound site

B. Type of dressing ---------> skin changes

A researcher designs a study that uses a random sampling method to decrease the likelihood of bias in the study sample. This strategy was used to implement: A.manipulation B.control C.data collection D.experimental research

B. control

Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Request for analgesics" is the: A.independent variable. B.dependent variable. C.attribute variable D.extraneous variable

B. dependent variable

Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Perception of pain" is the: A.independent variable. B.dependent variable. C.attribute variable. D.extraneous variable

B. dependent variable.

The initial and one of the most significant steps in conducting the research process is: A.defining the research variables. B.identifying the research problem. C.stating the research purpose. D.determining the feasibility of the study.

B. identifying the research problem

An example of inductive reasoning is: A.reasoning from all chronically ill patients to a single chronically ill patient B.reasoning from a single diabetic patient to all diabetic patients C.using a standard nursing care plan to care for a specific patient D.using a computerized nursing care plan to care for insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

B. reasoning from a single diabetic patient to all diabetic patients

What category of research is suggested by the following research question? "Does telephone follow-up by nurses improve patients' compliance with their medication regimens?" A.Applied research B.Basic research C.descriptive research D.phenomenological research

A. Applied research

What type of hypothesis is the following? "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy." A.Complex, directional hypothesis B.Simple, associative hypothesis C.Simple, nondirectional hypothesis D.Complex, null hypothesis

A. Complex, directional hypothesis

A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles? A. Consumer B. Primary investigator C. Collaborator D. Producer

A. Consumer

The literature review section of a research report might include a summary of which of the following? A.Empirical literature B.Funding sources C.Proposed methods and design D.Description of study sample

A. Empirical literature

A researcher is interested in studying stress and coping in caregivers of elderly stroke victims. The researcher designs a study where data collection takes place in the caregiver's home. This would be an example of which type of research setting? A.Natural, field B.Highly controlled, field C.Partially controlled, laboratory D.Highly controlled, laboratory

A. Natural, field

The statement "This study explores the experience of caregiving by adult daughters of parents with Alzheimer disease" is an example of which of the following? A.Objective B.Question C.Simple hypothesis D.Complex hypothesis

A. Objective

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem? A.Purpose B.Literature review C.Methodology D.Assumptions

A. Purpose

Which of the following is true about the relationship between a study framework and the hypotheses? A.The framework and hypotheses must be congruent with each other. B.The hypotheses are not meant to be testable, but the framework is. C.If the hypotheses are stated, the researcher does not need to have a framework. D.Hypotheses are inductively identified within the stated framework.

A. The framework and hypotheses must be congruent with each other

Which of the following represents the most concrete term? A.Variable B.Concept C.Framework D.Construct

A. Variable

A researcher investigates the effect of frequency of position change on healing of decubitus ulcers. The study would be described as: A.applied research B.basic research C.descriptive research D.phenomenological research

A. applied research

Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Type of support" is A.independent variable. B.dependent variable C.attribute variable D.extraneous variable

A. independent variable.

A research hypothesis: A.predicts the expected results or outcomes of the study B.defines the theoretical framework for the study C.identifies the source of the problem under study D.clarifies the concepts used in the study

A. predicts the expected results or outcomes of the study

Conceptual definitions are important because: A.the meanings of terms may differ depending on the study framework. B.they tell others how the concept will be measured in the study. C.they provide a dictionary definition that can be understood by everyone D.they suggest how to precisely measure the variables of interest

A. the meanings of terms may differ depending on the study framework.

In which section of the research report might the problem statement be located? A.Literature review B.Methods C.Results D.Implications

A.Literature review

The dependent variable is: A.a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher. B.the quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problem C.a characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the study D.the response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand

D.the response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand

4. Which of the following validity's would be the most difficult to establish? a. Construct b. Predictive c. Criterion d. Concurrent

a. Construct

3. Which type of research involves three (3) independent variables and six (6) dependent variables? a. Experimental research b. Descriptive research c. Variable analysis d. Sociogram

a. Experimental research

In an experiment, assertive training was studied regarding its ability to help children reduce test anxiety. 5. What was the dependent variable? a. assertiveness b. anxiety level c. graduation d. training effectiveness

b. anxiety level

In an experiment, assertive training was studied regarding its ability to help children reduce test anxiety. 6. What is the independent variable? a. assertiveness b. anxiety level c. graduation d. training effectiveness

d. training effectiveness

In a research proposal, the investigator notes that written permission has been obtained from three local hospitals to access patients for the proposed study. This is an example of what aspect of a study? A.Reliability B.Methodology C.Ethics D.Feasibility

D. Feasibility

Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy." A.Relaxation therapy B.Complaints of pain C.Pain medication use D.Music therapy

D. Music therapy

What type of hypothesis is the following? "Normal saline flush with heparin is more effective than normal saline flush alone in maintaining patency of an intermittent intravenous site." A.Simple, research B.Complex, nondirectional C.Complex, causal D.Simple, directional

D. Simple, directional

Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly useful in nursing because they: A.are easy to implement. B.require few resources. C.are both process oriented. D.balance each other by generating different types of nursing knowledge.

D. balance each other by generating different types of nursing knowledge

A study framework reflects the: A.blueprint for the study B.specific plan for data collection C.data analysis strategy D.researcher's "theory" or idea about the study

D. researcher's "theory" or idea about the study

The statement below is an example of which of the following? "In this study, pain is reflected as a score between 0 and 10 on the Post-operative Pain Rating Scale." A.Problem statement B.Conceptual definition C.Associative hypothesis D.Operational definition

D.Operational definition

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and laboratory setting? A.Descriptive B.Correlational C.Quasiexperimental D.Experimental

D. Experimental

What type of hypothesis is the following? "Low-fat diet is related to lower total cholesterol and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein)." A.Complex, directional, causal B.Complex, directional, associative C.Simple, nondirectional, research D.Simple, directional, causal

B. Complex, directional, associative

Research subjects in a study of quality of life (QOL) in liver transplant recipients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences following transplantation. Which of the following would be a likely assumption the researcher made in relation to this study? A.Subjects will complete every item on the questionnaire. B.Subjects are able to identify a personal awareness of QOL. C.All liver transplant recipients invited to participate in the study will complete a questionnaire D.QOL is an important issue to liver transplant recipients.

B. Subjects are able to identify a personal awareness of QOL

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research? A.Time frame in which the research takes place B.Degree of aggressiveness used in acquiring the data C.Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology D.Process used to synthesize findings to form conclusions from a study

C. Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology

Which of the following types of information is consistently covered in a quantitative literature review? A.Descriptions of effective clinical outcomes B.Anecdotal opinions of expert researchers C.Approaches used to investigate similar problems D.Clinical impressions of related phenomena

C. Approaches used to investigate similar problems

Feasibility is determined by examining which of the following? A.Researcher's credibility B.Significance of research problem C.Availability of subjects D.Previous studies

C. Availability of subjects

Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting? A.Controlled B.Laboratory C.Natural D.Simulated

C. Natural

Which of the following responses best describes the relational statement that is diagrammed below? Pain perception <------- (+) --------> Anxiety A.Increased perception of pain causes anxiety. B.Anxiety causes increased pain perception. C.Pain perception and anxiety are positively related to one another D.Pain perception and anxiety are inversely related

C. Pain perception and anxiety are positively related to one another

Which of the following types of research involve at least some control by the researcher to implement the study treatment? A.Correlational B.Descriptive C.Quasi-experimental D.Experimental

C. Quasi-experimental

Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." This hypothesis is A.simple, directional, research B.complex, nondirectional, null C.complex, directional, research D.simple, nondirectional, statistical

C. complex, directional, research

In the research report, a theoretical statement: A.will always be clearly identified B.should only be discussed in the framework section C.may be implied D.can be omitted if variables are not yet well defined

C. may be implied

Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study of the planned study to identify any problematic areas. This smaller study is known as a(n): A.abstract B.exploratory design C.pilot study D.proposal

C. pilot study

The purpose statement should identify the study variable(s) and what other key aspect of the study? A.Design B.measurement tools C.population D.statistics

C. population