Practice Test 1
you are caring for a 12-year-old who was injured at the neighborhood skate park. he was not wearing a helmet and is responsive to pain. you note snoring respirations and deformity to the left ankle. you should: a. suction the airway and insert an OPA b. secure the patient to a long board and transport c. immediately splint the injured ankle d. open the airway using a jaw-thrust maneuver
d
you are caring for a six-year-old patient with respiratory distress. The pulse oximeter (saO2) read 93%. Your management of the patient should include: a. withhold oxygen until the patient develops accessory muscle use b. contacting the patient's pediatrician prior to transport c. administering a metered dose inhaler if prescribed to a parent or sibling d. administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%
d
which of the following medications is intended to decrease myocardial workload and increaser myocardial blood flow? a. nitroglycerin b. activated charcoal c. aspirin d. epinephrine
a
Epinephrine stimulates which of the following physiological effects? A. bradypnea. B. tachycardia. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. sedation.
b
Which of the following conditions would most likely cause hypovolemic shock? A. a spinal cord injury. B. laceration of the liver. C. insulin shock. D. appendicitis.
b
how should you open the airway of an unresponsive patient with an unknown mechanism of injury? a. log roll technique b. jaw-thrust maneuver c. head tilt-chin life maneuver d. tongue-jaw lift
b
your 67-year-old patient recently began taking a new medication. he is complaining of a sudden onset of severe respiratory distress. He quickly becomes semi-conscious and unable to follow verbal commands. his pulse oximeter (SaO2) is 89%. You should: a. insert an OPA b. assist ventilations with a BVM c. apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device d. apply high-flow oxygen via NRB
b
While assessing an unresponsive patient, you discover a penetrating wound to the anterior chest. You should first: A. apply a trauma dressing. B. continue your assessment. C. apply an occlusive dressing. D. assess the blood pressure.
c
Your patient exhibits crepitus to the thorax, paradoxical motion and signs of hypoxia. You should suspect: A. a ruptured spleen. B. bilateral femur fractures. C. anaphylaxis. D. a flail chest.
d
You arrive at a residence for an ill person. A child opens the door and says his dad is locked in the bedroom with his gun. You should: A. ask the child to get his dad. B. retreat to safety and request law enforcement. C. attempt to communicate with the child's father. D. restrain the father and secure any weapons.
b
Your patient has severe bleeding to her forearm. If direct pressure does not control the bleeding, you should immediately: A. transport the patient. B. apply a tourniquet. C. apply pressure to the proximal artery. D. replace the blood-soaked dressing.
b
a 16-year-old male is unconscious following an assault. when you insert an OPA, the patient begins gagging. you should: a. continue to insert the airway and prepare to suction as needed b. remove the airway and prepare to suction as needed c. insert a smaller OPA d. insert an advanced oral airway
b
in unresponsive patients over one year of age, you should palpate the: a. radial pulse b. carotid pulse c. brachial pulse d. femoral pulse
b
you are treating a patient with respiratory distress. he has a history of multiple myocardial inflations. lung sounds indicate pulmonary edema. you note the patient does not have any JVD or pedal edema. The patient is most likely experiencing: a. angina b. left heart failure c. right heart failure d. asthma
b
you respond to a preschool facility for an ill child. upon arrival, you find an unresponsive 8-month-old. The infant has a palpable pulse of 50 beats per minute. your next action should be to: a. open the airway and assess breathing b. begin chest compressions c. immediately transport the child d. attach the AED
b
You are dispatched to an assisted living center for a 70-year-old male with an altered level of consciousness. The patient's wife states he has been confused for the last several hours. The patient has slurred speech and left-sided weakness. You should suspect: A. a myocardial infarction. B. dementia. C. a stroke. D. internal bleeding.
c
your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately: a. apply a nonrebreather mask b. begin artificial ventilations c. place the patient in the recovery position d. begin chest compressions
d
your 6-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his right leg. You not deformity to the right leg above the ankle. The patient most likely has a fracture to the: a. proximal radius b. distal ulna c. proximal fibula d. distal tibia
d
Acute hypoglycemia typically causes: A. a sudden loss of consciousness. B. a gradual decrease in level of consciousness. C. severe respiratory distress. D. an increase in blood glucose levels.
a
Which of the following is a common cause of seizures? A. poisoning B. orthopedic injury C. myocardial infarction D. Burn injuries
a
life-threatening bleeding should be found and treated during the: a. primary assessment b. scene size up c. secondary assessment d. patient history
a
you are dispatched for a possible CVA. upon arrival, you determine the patient is responsive to painful stimuli. which of the following should be assessed first for this patient? a. airway b. blood pressure c. pulses d. skin
a
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes: A. decreased respiratory rates. B. increased cardiac output. C. peripheral vasodilation. D. increased blood flow to the digestive tract.
b
You are called to a doctor's office for a patient who reportedly experienced a brief seizure. Upon arrival, the staff tells you the patient is in a postical state. This means the patient: A. is experiencing back-to-back seizures. B. has an altered but improving level of consciousness. C. is in a hyperactive state. D. went into cardiac arrest.
b
You are dispatched for a homeless person found unresponsive. You find the patient prone on the sidewalk unresponsive to pain. You should first: A. assess the blood glucose level. B. log roll the patient into a supine position. C. auscultate lung sounds. D. expose the patient and check the back for apparent injuries
b
an elderly patient reportedly collapsed on a golf course almost 10 minutes ago. You assess her level of consciousness and determine she is unresponsive. Which of the following should you do first: a. open the airway and insert and OPA b. assess pulse and begin CPR if needed c. providing ventilations with high flow oxygen d. attach the AED
b
shallow respirations and bradypnea will likely cause: a. easier visibility of chest rise and fall b. a decrease in minute volume c. a rise in pulse oximetry (SaO2) readings d. reduced carbon dioxide levels
b
the foramen magnum of occipital bone: a. connects the forearm to the humerus b. is an opening at the base of the skull c. attached the patella to the knee joint d. allows lateral movement of the head
b
the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the: a. pulmonary arteries b. pulmonary veins c. superior venae cavae d. inferior venae cavae
b
Select the patient condition that is most likely to require transport to a specialized facility. A. Dyspnea. B. Diabetic emergency. C. Cerebrovascular accident. D. Syncopal episode.
c
Severe internal bleeding is most likely following an injury to which of the following organs? A. The stomach. B. The appendix. C. The spleen. D. The gallbladder.
c
Which of the following patients should be your highest transport priority? A. an adult with a superficial burn that covers 15% of the total body surface area. B. any 1st degree burn to the hands or feet of a pediatric patient. C. a partial-thickness burn with respiratory compromise. D. any burn with severe pain over 10% total body surface area.
c
You are called for a child with an altered level of consciousness. Her parents report a recent history of increased appetite, thirst, and frequent urination. The child's blood glucose is 350 mg/dL. The child is most likely experiencing: A. insulin shock. B. hypoglycemia. C. diabetic ketoacidosis. D. water intoxication.
c
Your patient has partial-thickness burns over a large surface area. You should: A. immerse the burn area in water. B. leave the burn area exposed. C. apply a dry, sterile burn sheet. D. offer the patient ice-packs to reduce pain.
c
the primary assessment of an adult with chest pain includes: a. identifying the specific cause of the patients pain b. ensuring the scene is safe c. determine the transport priority d. reassessing vital signs
c
to determine if CPR is indicated for unresponsive patient less than one year of age, you should assess the: a. radial pulse b. carotid pulse c. brachial pulse d. femoral pulse
c
which of the following provides oxygenated blood directly to the heart? a. cerebral arteries b. carotid arteries c. coronary arteries d. femoral arteries
c
Which of the following statements about use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? A. The AED should not be used on children less than 1 year of age. B. The AED should not be used on children weighing less than 90 pounds. C. Adult AED pads should never be used on pediatric patients. D. Adult AED pads can be used on pediatric patients if pediatric pads are not available.
d
Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures is correct? A. Febrile seizures are the most dangerous type of seizure for pediatric patients. B. Febrile seizures are usually the result of trauma. C. Febrile seizures typically occur due to hypoglycemia. D. Febrile seizures pose little risk of permanent injury.
d
You are called for a 40-year-old female with a severe headache. She is 32 weeks pregnant. The patient history reveals she also has nausea, blurred vision and sudden edema in her face and hands. Her blood pressure is 156/96. The patient is most likely experiencing: A. an absence seizure. B. a spontaneous abortion. C. eclampsia. D. preeclampsia.
d
A 30-year-old male was stabbed in the abdomen during an assault. The knife is impaled in his the right lower abdominal quadrant. It is important to: A. stabilize the knife in place. B. remove the knife and apply direct pressure. C. place the patient on his side. D. transport the patient in a seated position.
a
When caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency, remember: A. the behavior may be caused by a physiological condition. B. treatment is not needed if there are no physiological abnormalities. C. any conscious patient can refuse treatment and transport. D. the patient must be restrained if he/she verbalizes suicidal thoughts.
a
Your patient has a partial thickness burn to his anterior chest. It is about the size of the palm of his hand. What is the approximate total body surface area of the burn? A. 1% B. 3% C. 5% D. 7%
a
which of the following findings indicates partial obstruction of the upper airway? a. rales b. stridor c. rhonchi d. wheezes
b
Your 8-year-old patient has blunt chest trauma after being struck by a car. The patient is alert. His airway is clear, breathing is adequate, and pulses are present but weak at 110 beats per minute. Which of the following should you do next? A. ask the patient for consent to transport. B. insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. perform a rapid scan. D. assess the patient's pulse oximetery (SaO2).
c
You are called for a man wandering in the street and yelling at passing cars. Upon arrival, your first priority is: A. the safety of you and other rescuers. B. removing the patient from the roadway. C. assessing the patient's blood glucose level. D. determining if the patient is intoxicated
a
You are caring for a 10-year-old child who was an unrestrained passenger in a vehicle that was struck from the rear. The child complains of neck pain. Which of the following should be done first? A. manual cervical spine precautions. B. apply an appropriately sized cervical collar. C. assess pulse, motor, sensation in all extremities. D. perform a secondary assessment.
a
You are caring for a confused and restless 16-year-old female with blunt chest trauma following a single vehicle accident. She complains of dyspnea and orthopnea. You note a reduced tidal volume, cyanosis and tachycardia. Which of the following should be done first? A. Begin positive pressure ventilations. B. Perform a rapid scan. C. Perform a secondary exam. D. Obtain a pulse oximeter (SaO2) reading.
a
You are caring for a trauma patient with a closed head injury. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli. The BP is 160/100, pulse is 60 beats/min and respirations are 8 per minute. You should: A. stabilize life-threatening conditions and limit your on-scene time to 10 minutes. B. perform a secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. C. transport immediately and perform all treatments in the ambulance. D. obtain two sets of vitals before determining the transport priority
a
You are on the scene of a patient who was sexually assaulted. The scene is safe, but law enforcement officials are still responding. You should: A. attempt get at least one EMS provider of the same sex. B. recommend the patient shower and change clothes. C. direct the patient to write down everything that happened. D. suggest the patient sign a refusal form.
a
You are transporting a pregnant patient from an urgent care center to a high-risk OB facility. The transferring physician tells you the patient may have an abruptio placenta. This means: A. the placenta is prematurely separating from the uterine wall. B. the amniotic sac is ruptured and leaking amniotic fluid. C. the patient is going into labor prematurely. D. the placenta is covering the cervical opening
a
Your patient was injured during an industrial accident. He has an abdominal laceration with internal organs protruding. You should apply: A. a moist, sterile dressing. B. a dry, sterile dressing. C. a tourniquet. D. an ice-pack.
a
a 19-year-old female is found unconscious in her apartment living room. While surveying the apartment, your partner yells from the patient's bedroom "she has an SVN machine in here". this suggest the patient has a history of: a. respiratory problems b. heart disease c. drug abuse d. sleep apnea
a
a 36-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. she is anxious, has intercostal retractions and nasal flaring. her respiratory rate is 24 breaths per minute. you do not have a pulse oximeter. You should: a. administer oxygen via nonrebreather mask at 15 Ipm b. withhold oxygen until a pulse oximeter reading is obtained c. apply a nasal cannula at 4 Ipm d. begin positive pressure ventilations
a
an elderly female reportedly had a severe headache for the last 24 hours. She was recently found unconscious in bed. Her family reports she has a history of hypertension and transit ischemic attacks (TIAs). the patient's current condition is most likely due to: a. a hemorrhagic stroke b. a cardiac emergency c. another TIA d. a migraine headache
a
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce respiratory distress by: a. helping to keep the alveoli open b. stimulating sleep apnea c. relieving foreign body airway obstruction d. increasing the need for intubation
a
when there are signs and symptoms that your patient is hypoxic, you should: a. administer oxygen at 15 Ipm via nonrebreather mask b. always obtain a pulse oximeter reading before administering oxygen c. contact medical direction to determine the correct oxygen therapy d. assess the baseline vitals before determining how oxygen should be administered
a
which of the following adult patients is breathing adequately? a. a patient with respirations at 16 per minute and equal chest rise and fall b. a patient with rapid, shallow respirations c. a patient with shallow respirations at 8 per minute d. a patient with snoring respirations and cyanosis
a
which of the following is true during inhalation of a spontaneously breathing patient? a. there is a drop in pressure within the thorax b. there is an increase in pressure within the thorax c. air is being pushed into the lungs d. the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are relaxed
a
which of the following signs of hypoxia is more common in pediatric patients? a. bradycardia b. anxiety c. tachycardia d. restlessness
a
which of the following signs of hypoxia is more commonly found in pediatric patients? a. seesaw respirations b. cyanosis c. tachypnea d. altered level of consciousness
a
you are called for a 6-month-old infant with respiratory distress. which of the following is true about patients in this age group? a. infants are obligate nose breathers b. infants require forceful ventilations with the BVM c. infants are more resistant to hypoxia than adults d. infants rarely develop bradycardia due to hypoxia
a
you are called for a drowning victim at a family barbecue. Upon arrival, two family members approach you yelling, swearing, and demanding to know what took so long. One of the family members pushes you. You should a. retreat and request immediate assistance from law enforcement b. explain to the family where you responded form and why you were delayed c. order the family members to back off and take you to the patient d. tell the family that assaulting an EMS providing is a felony
a
you are caring for a 22-year old female who complains of respiratory distress after exercising. She is alert, speaking full sentences, and has a persistent cough. She is most likely experiencing: a. respiratory distress with adequate breathing b. respiratory distress with inadequate breathing c. respiratory paralysis d. respiratory arrest
a
your patient is a construction worker who fell from a residential rooftop. he is responsive to pain. breaths are shallow and irregular. you should: a. provide artificial ventilations with a bag-mask device and high flow oxygen b. obtain an SaO2 reading before determining if oxygen is necessary c. apply a nonrebreather mask with high flow oxygen d. apply a nasal cannula and reassess the patient
a
Which of the following accurately describes supine hypotensive syndrome? A. compression of the descending aorta by the uterus. B. compression of the inferior vena cava by the uterus. C. compression of the heart by the pericardial sac. D. compression of the lung due to air in the thorax
b
Which of the following is a component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale? A. Blood pressure B. Arm drift C. Family history D. Grip strength
b
Which of the following is considered a normal capillary refill time for infants and children? A. Less than 1 second B. Less than 2 seconds C. Less than 4 seconds D. Less than 6 seconds
b
Which of the following is the normal range for a blood glucose level? A. 40 and 80 mg/dL. B. 80 and 120 mg/dL. C. 120 and 160 mg/dL. D. 160 and 200 mg/dL.
b
Which of the following physiological responses helps protect the body from overheating: A. shivering. B. peripheral vasodilation. C. peripheral vasoconstriction. D. syncope.
b
You are ventilating a patient with a stoma. You note air is escaping from the mouth and nose with each breath. You should: A. perform a jaw thrust maneuver. B. manually seal the mouth and nose. C. open the airway using a head tilt-chin lift. D. reduce the tidal volume of each ventilation.
b
when a pule oximeter is available, how should oxygen be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain? a. administer oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of 93% or less b. administer oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94% c. always administer oxygen at 15 Ipm via nonrebreather mask. d. contact medical direction to determine the correct oxygen therapy
b
which of the following interventions should be performed first for an unresponsive patient with a suspected spinal cord injury? a. head-tilt, chin-lift b. jaw thrust maneuver c. oropharyngeal airway d. nasopharyngeal airway
b
you are caring for a multi-system trauma patient with possible internal bleeding. Select the correct statement about the rapid scan for a multi-system trauma patient: a. the rapid scan is used to identify all injuries b. the rapid scan is used to identify life-threatening conditions c. the rapid scan is another term for the secondary exam d. the rapid scan is not required on conscious patients
b
you are caring for an unresponsive diabetic patient with deep, rapid respirations. The patient's blood glucose is 480 mg/dL. what is the most likely cause of this patient's hyperventilations? a. this patient is likely hyperventilating due to severe alkalosis b. this patient is likely hyperventilating due to severe acidosis c. this patient's hyperventilations with increase CO2 levels in the blood d. the patient's hyperventilations will rapidly lower the blood glucose level
b
you are conducting a primary assessment on an elderly fall victim who complains of hip pain. While assessing circulation, you should check: a. skin condition, pulse oximetry and capillary refill b. pulses, external bleeding and skin condition c. distal pules in the lower extremities d. pulses, motor function and sensation
b
you are considering administration of oral glucose to your diabetic patient. this drug is contraindicated when it: a. is not prescribed to the patient b. poses a significant risk of harm c. produces undesired effects d. is likely to relive the patient's symptoms
b
A patient with an isolated concussion injury will likely: A. get progressively worse over time. B. lose consciousness for long periods. C. progressively improve over time. D. require an extended hospital stay
c
Shock is caused by: A. hyperactivity of a major organ. B. the body's maintenance of homeostasis. C. inadequate tissue perfusion. D. systemic constriction of the blood vessels.
c
While attempting to restrain a combative patient, your partner was bitten on the arm. Which of the following is true of bite wounds? A. Human bites pose little risk of infection. B. Human saliva carries strong anticoagulant enzymes. C. Human bites pose a high risk of infection. D. Human bites are not dangerous if all vaccines are up to date
c
Your female patient complains of vaginal bleeding. She is alert, denies trauma, and states she is not pregnant. You should: A. expose the patient and assess for signs of trauma. B. advise the patient to refuse treatment. C. assess the patient for signs of hypoperfusion. D. call for law enforcement and wait to begin treatment.
c
which of the following describes the purpose of administering aspiring to a suspected myocardial infarction patient? a. aspirin dilates the coronary arteries b. aspirin will eliminate cardiac related chest pain c. aspirin reduces platelet aggregation in the coronary arteries d. aspirin reduces the risk of metabolic acidosis
c
you are caring for a 3-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. Which is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for two-person CPR on this patient? a. 3 compressions to 1 ventilation b. 5 compressions to 1 ventilation c. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations d. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations
c
you are caring for a patient who was ejected during. single vehicle rollover. the patient responds incoherently to verbal commands. You should first: a. perform a secondary assessment b. determine the pulse rate c. assess the patient's airway d. log roll the patient onto a spine board
c
you are dispatched to a soccer game for a 12-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. Upon arrival, the patient's mother hands you an epinephrine auto-injector. You should: a. direct the mother ti administer the epi-pen b. administer the epi-pen c. begin the primary assessment d. contact the physician that prescribed the epi-pen
c
you are dispatched to the local jail for a prisoner found unresponsive in her cell. Her airway is clear. respirations are rapid and shallow. her pulse oximeter (SaO2) reads 90%. you're first action should be to: a. check the blood glucose level b. initiate immediate transport c. begin positive pressure ventilations d. asses the blood pressure
c
you are treating a 35-year-old man who was stung by a bee. He is allergic to bees and has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector. His breath sounds are clear and non-labored. His BP is 130/82. How should you manage this patient? a. administer the epinephrine and transport rapidly b. begin immediate transport and administer the epinephrine en route c. assess the patient for signs of hypoxia, administer oxygen as needed, and transport d. let medical control know your anaphylactic patient needs his epinephrine
c
Esophageal varices typically occurs in patients with a history of: A. nose bleeds. B. appendicitis. C. epiglottitis. D. alcohol abuse.
d
Recommendations for an EMS call involving a behavioral patient include: A. telling the patient you will determine if he is competent. B. blocking the exits so the patient does not leave. C. asking your partner to leave you alone with the patient. D. not lying to the patient when answering his questions
d
You are called for a 24-year-old female who is 28 weeks pregnant. You find the patient supine in bed complaining of severe weakness, dizziness, and nausea. Which of the following is your first priority? A. ask the patient if she is expecting twins. B. assess the patient's blood glucose level. C. determine the patient's SAMPLE history. D. place the patient on her left side.
d
Your adult patient reportedly smoked an unknown substance and passed out. The patient has inadequate ventilations and your partner begins ventilating with the BVM. Which of the following is the best indicator your patient is being ventilated adequately? A. a ventilatory rate of at least 20 breaths per minute. B. poor compliance when squeezing the BVM. C. a pulse oximeter (SaO2) of 90%. D. adequate bilateral chest rise and fall during BVM ventilation.
d
a nonrebreather mask should be administered to patients who: a. have slow, shallow respirations b. have a reduced tidal volume c. are breathing inadequately d. are breathing adequately with signs of hypoxia
d
an oropharyngeal airway is indicated for which of the following patients? a. a 35-year-old semiconscious patient b. a 14-year-old conscious patient c. a 22-year-old confused patient with dyspnea d. a 44-year-old unconscious patient
d
carbon monoxide exposure is dangerous because it: a. collapses red blood cells b. causes pulmonary edema c. stimulates bronchial constriction d. reduces delivery of oxygen
d
which of the following is the most frequent cause of airway obstruction? a. fluid b. toys c. vomit d. the tongue
d
which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood? a. aorta b. renal artery c. pulmonary veins d. pulmonary arteries
d
you are treating an unresponsive patient with slow, shallow respirations and pinpoint pupils. Which of the following conditions is most likely? a. myocardial infarction b. hyperglycemia c. amphetamine overdose d. narcotic overdose
d
your patient has been exposed to a chemical that over-stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. you should expect this patient to exhibit: a. dilated pupils b. dry mouth c. hypertension d. vomiting
d
your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient? a. assess respiratory rate b. open the airway c. perform a SAMPLE history d. determine if CPR is indicated
d
your pediatric patient has spontaneous respirations. this means the patient is breathing: a. at a normal rate b. with adequate tidal volume c. without difficulty d. without assistance
d
