Practice Test - Chapter 1-psych181

Sherry is often overly generous in sacrificing her time to help others. Her friend suggests that by keeping busy in this way Sherry avoids confronting her own unconscious conflicts. Her friend's suggestion illustrates the type of explanation that is most typical of

Freudian psychology

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as

Plato is to Aristotle

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

a biopsychological approach

Early behaviorists such as John B. Watson would have considered the introspective study of self-esteem to be

an unscientific method

An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of

assuming that association proves causation

To discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use

correlational measures

To assess the effectiveness of flu vaccine for county residents, Mr. Carlson wants to administer vaccine injections to all county residents rather than give half of them a placebo injection. Mr. Carlson is most clearly underestimating the importance of

creating a control group

Discerning the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates ________, which is an important learning too

critical thinking

Critical thinking most clearly involves

evaluating evidence

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of

generalizing from vivid cases

Professor Smith told one class that drinking alcohol has been found to increase sexual desire. He informed another class that drinking alcohol has been found to reduce sexual appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of

hindsight bias

Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

industrial-organized

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved with applied research?

industrial-organized psychologists

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent

interpersonal attraction

Research participants are asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involves a technique known as

introspection

New technologies such as smart-phone apps and body-worn sensors have enabled the collection of "big data" by means ofN

naturalistic observation

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding

nature and nurture

A theory is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that ______ observations and ______ behaviors or events.

organize; predicts

The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of ________ on feelings and behaviors.

positive expectations

Students learn and remember course materials best when the

process information actively

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.

psychodynamic

Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of the findings

replication

Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillips' theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude o

skepticism

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

unconscious conflicts

A major issue that has emerged from debates over the use of animals in psychological research centers on

what safeguards should protect the well-being of animals used in research