Praxis practice 3 (Pedagogy)

Ms. Carmichael is upset with Zack, one of her fifth-grade students, because he hasn't turned in his homework for the third time in the past week. She is discussing the situation with him, trying to express the importance of turning in assignments on time. Which of the following is likely to be her best response to the situation? -"Okay, Zack, you may turn it in tomorrow." -"What is wrong with you, Zack? This is the third time in a week I know you can do the work. Are you just plain lazy? ls that it? This is getting ridiculous. Do you want to fail?" -''Zack, I know you can do the work. Are you trying to make things more difficult for me by not turning it in?" -"Zack, I can't possibly assess your understanding of the material when you don't turn in your work. This can't continue. Please get it to me by the end of the day, and no more late work."

-"Zack, I can't possibly assess your understanding of the material when you don't turn in your work. This can't continue. Please get it to me by the end of the day, and no more late work."

Which of the following is the best example of performance-goal orientation? -Allda competes with her best friend to see who can get the higher grade on every test, taking delight in receiving the high score. -Cassandra hates math, doesn't believe that she can be successful, and gives up at the first sign of struggling. -Ed struggles in math, but wants very much to learn the material, so when he gets stuck on a problem, he asks for help. -Martin does his work as requested and does a fair job on lt, but he doesn't really care about his grades or about how much he learns.

-Allda competes with her best friend to see who can get the higher grade on every test, taking delight in receiving the high score.

Which of the following students is the best example of failure syndrome? -Andrea, who doesn't do well in school and rarely tries anymore -Marcy, who works very hard and manages to earn C's -Samantha, who does very well in school but doesn't try very hard -Vivi, who's never satisfied with her own performance

-Andrea, who doesn't do well in school and rarely tries anymore Failure syndrome: "learned helplessness." Students exhibiting approach assignments with low expectations of success and tend to give up at early signs of difficulty.

Edward and James are having a discussion about the best way to engage their students' interest in American history. Which of the following best exemplifies active listening? -As Edward speaks about the importance of integrating electronic media into their courses, James interrupts with an argument that primary sources are much more useful and accurate. -As Edward speaks about the importance of integrating electronic media into their courses, James makes a rude noise and tells him that is a bunch of nonsense. -As Edward speaks, James maintains eye contact and nods occasionally. However, James is really planning how he will counter Edward's assertion that electronic media will engage the students. -As Edward speaks, James maintains eye contact, nods his head occasionally, and leans forward. When Edward has finished, James says, "So what you're saying is that if we used more electronic media, the kids would be more interested, right?"

-As Edward speaks, James maintains eye contact, nods his head occasionally, and leans forward. When Edward has finished, James says, "So what you're saying is that if we used more electronic media, the kids would be more interested, right?" Active listening involves the listener observing the speaker's behavior and body language. Having the ability to interpret a person's body language lets the listener develop a more accurate understanding of the speaker's message. Having heard, the listener may then paraphrase the speaker's words

What is a good test strategy to avoid cultural bias? -Use a single, good standardized test to control for extraneous influences. -Assess students using a variety of methods. -Assume that ethnic differences are due to heredity. -Avoid using portfolios for assessment purposes.

-Assess students using a variety of methods.

Which of the following is the best example of using the results of a standardized test to provide Information for planning and improving instruction? -At Lincoln Elementary School, students take a standardized achievement test each year to help determine who is in need of specialized services. -At Jefferson Elementary School, teacher salary increases are based in part on student performance on the state-mandated standardized test. -Mr. Whitney uses the results of the social studies portion of the state-mandated standardized achievement test to help him to see how well his instruction is working to help his students meet state standards in history. -M s. Walker uses the results of a standardized reading test to place her students into small instructional reading groups. She gives the same test several times throughout the school year to gauge progress and regroup students.

-At Jefferson Elementary School, teacher salary increases are based in part on student performance on the state-mandated standardized test.

Which characteristic of classrooms is best exemplified in the following scenario? Holly and Alex are having a conflict. Holly takes a black permanent marker and makes a large mark on Alex's shirt . Mr. Bronson witnesses the incident and does nothing. Two weeks later, during another conflict, Alex makes a mark on the back of Holly's shirt with a pen.This time Mr. Bronson gives Alex a detention. Alex becomes upset at what he perceives as unfair treatment. -Classrooms are multidimensional. -Classrooms have histories. -There is little privacy, -Things happen quickly.

-Classrooms have histories.

Which of the following is most likely to help a teacher get an uninterested or alienated student to become more motivated to do well in school? -Stress how important going to college is. -Find out the student's interests, and include those in the student's assignments. -Compare the student with other students who are more motivated. -Describe some strategies for reducing perfectionism.

-Find out the student's interests, and include those in the student's assignments.

Becky gets very upset when she doesn't receive full credit on an assignment. She takes particular offense at any critical remarks that are made of her work. Which of the following strategies is most likely to help Becky overcome her perfectionism? -Give Becky lots of constructive feedback, both positive and negative, and allow her to revise her work. -Make sure that Becky is capable of earning full credit on every assignment you give her. -Make sure that Becky isn't capable of earning full credit on any assignments you give her so she will get used to it. -Never gives Becky any kind of feedback other than a grade, so you don't upset her.

-Give Becky lots of constructive feedback, both positive and negative, and allow her to revise her work. perfectionists fear being unable to complete a task perfectly, they put it off as long as possible. The higher the fear of failure and ridicule, the more perfectionists procrastinate. Procrastination is not laziness. Procrastination is often a symptom of perfectionism.

Ms. Gregory and Ms. Templeton are discussing grading issues. Which of the following comments made by Ms. Gregory and Ms. Templeton are the least likely to be supported by educational psychologists? -Many students are being rewarded with high grades for mediocre performance. In the last several decades, grades have been increasing while -SAT scores have been going down. -Some teachers don't like to give low grades because they believe the low grades decrease students' motivation. -Grades should be abolished.

-Grades should be abolished.

Ms. Martin teaches eighth-grade history to an academically diverse class. DeMarcus is a gifted student who has always earned high marks. Joe has a learning disability. Ms. Martin doesn't believe it would be fair to expect the same performance from Joe as from DeMarcus. However, she knows that Joe can learn the material with proper scaffolding. Because of this, she seats Joe near her desk, praises him when he does something well, and gives him constructive criticism, when needed. How are her expectations and behavior likely to affect the achievement of these students? -Her expectations are likely to result in similar achievement form both students. -Her expectations are likely to result in high achievement from DeMarcus and fairly high achievement from Joe. -Her expectations are likely to result in high achievement from Joe and low achievement from DeMarcus. -Her expectations are likely to result in low achievement from both students.

-Her expectations are likely to result in high achievement from DeMarcus and fairly high achievement from Joe. teachers' expectations for students will influence student achievement. If a teacher perceives a student to be a high achiever and asks that student a high-level question, then that student will achieve at a higher level. If a teacher perceives a student to be a lower achieving student, the teacher will subconsciously ask an easier question, resulting in that student achieving at a lower level.

Isabella brings home her quarterly school report card. On the card are letter grades indicating that Isabella earned an A In math, language arts, and social studies, and a B in science and P.E. Which of the following is a valid criticism of such a grading system? -It gives parents too much information about the student's performance. -It is too specific. -Letter grades are unfair. -It doesn't provide enough Information to allow parents to evaluate their child's performance.

-It doesn't provide enough Information to allow parents to evaluate their child's performance.

Jacob is struggling in algebra and as a result is experiencing low self-efficacy. Which of the following people would provide the best role model? -David, a local engineer, who tells the class how useful math will be in their futures. -Jamai, a fellow student, who has also struggled in the course but is now grasping the concepts. -Mrs. Jackson, Jacob's algebra teacher, who has always loved math. -Suzanne, a fellow student, who is getting an A with minimal effort.

-Jamai, a fellow student, who has also struggled in the course but is now grasping the concepts.

Which of the following is the best example of someone who is intrinsically motivated? -Erle is reading the latest Harry Potter book because he wants to become a better reader. -Jordan is reading the latest Harry Potter book because he can't wait to see what happens to Harry and his friends. -Josh is reading the latest Harry Potter book so that he will have read enough pages to qualify for the class pizza party at the end of the month. -Martynas is reading the latest Harry Potter book because his teacher assigned it and he wants to please his teacher.

-Jordan is reading the latest Harry Potter book because he can't wait to see what happens to Harry and his friends.

Which of the following would be an appropriate use of an aptitude test? -Josh takes a standardized test to help determine whether he is likely to be successful in medical school. -Pete takes a standardized test to help determine what he has learned in his teacher preparation program. -Stan takes a standardized test to determine what degree he has met state mathematics standards. -Penelope takes a standardized test to determine if she can graduate from high school.

-Josh takes a standardized test to help determine whether he is likely to be successful in medical school. aptitude test is an exam used to determine an individual's propensity to succeed in a given activity.

Mr. McClure wants to be certain that his students understand that he has high expectations for them.Therefore, he gives a very difficult exam during the first week of school. Which principle of getting off to the right start did Mr. McClure ignore? -Be available and visible. -Be in charge. -Establish expectations for behavior and resolve student uncertainties. -Make sure that students experience success.

-Make sure that students experience success.

Which of the following assessments will most likely enhance student motivation to study and learn? -Mr. Ditka assigns his students a project that requires knowledge from the unit of instruction to complete successfully. -Mr. Payton gives periodic tests that are easy enough for all of his students to earn high scores if they have attended class. -Mr. Rivera puts two or three tricky questions in each test so he can determine which of his students read the items carefully before responding. -Mr.Singletary constructs very challenging exams to ensure that only those students who have studied the material carefully will be successful.

-Mr. Ditka assigns his students a project that requires knowledge from the unit of instruction to complete successfully.

Ms.Flanagan, who talks a teacher-centered approach, just observed Mr. Houston's constructivist teaching in his seventh-grade math class. Ms.Flanagan is likely to be most critical of which of the following she observed? -Mr. Houston assigning students homework -Mr. Houston encouraging students to construct their own math problem-solving strategies -Mr. Houston having high expectations for student learning -Mr . Houston suing technology help students learn

-Mr. Houston encouraging students to construct their own math problem-solving strategies

Which teacher is most likely to have classroom management problems? -Mr. Knight, who in an effort to keep students from being bored has numerous activities during the period, all of which require transitional time -Mr. Quinn, whose students know that they have to accomplish a significant amount of work during the period that will be collected at the end -Ms. Leifeit, whose students are always actively engaged in activities that require students to work together -Ms. Jefferson, who establishes rules and procedures early in the school year and consistently enforces them

-Mr. Knight, who in an effort to keep students from being bored has numerous activities during the period, all of which require transitional time

Which of the following is an example of best practices in using the results of standardized tests to plan and improve instruction? -Ms. Carter uses her students' standardized test scores to determine their placement in her class. -Mr. Peabody decides that the standardized test scores are invalid when his students don't do well in an area he emphasized in class. -Mr. Lambert looks at the standardized test scores of each student and uses the information to help him identify relative strengths and weaknesses. -Ms. Ziegler uses her students' standardized test scores to explain their classroom performance to their parents.

-Mr. Lambert looks at the standardized test scores of each student and uses the information to help him identify relative strengths and weaknesses.

Which of the following best exemplifies the cognitive perspective of motivation? -Mr. Davidson gives his students tickets when he "catches them being good" so that they will continue to behave appropriately. -Mr. McRoberts wants his students to believe they can be successful In anything they try, so he ensures success for those students who work hard. -Ms. Boeteng believes that her students will be more motivated in school if they establish good relationships with both her and with their classmates, so she provides emotional support. -Ms. Pocius keeps a supply of cereal in her desk drawer so that if one of her students is hungry, she can provide food.

-Mr. McRoberts wants his students to believe they can be successful In anything they try, so he ensures success for those students who work hard. Cognitive theories of motivation assume that behavior is directed as a result of the active processing and interpretation of information. Motivation is not seen as a mechanical or innate set of processes but as a purposive and persistent set of behaviors

Which of the following is the best example of formative assessment? -Mr. Harrison's students write a paper at the conclusion of a unit of instruction. This allows him to assess to what degree his students understand the content of the unit. -Mr. Shockey asks his students open-ended questions during instruction. This way he can determine to what degree helps students understand the content of his lesson. -Ms. Manning plays a game of Jeopardy! at the end of her unit of instruction to assess student understanding of the content of the unit. -Ms. Walker gives her students a brief assessment prior to beginning a unit of instruction, so she knows what her students are already capable of doing. This allows her to gear her instruction to her students' zones of proximal development.

-Mr. Shockey asks his students open-ended questions during instruction. This way he can determine to what degree helps students understand the content of his lesson. Formative assessment refers to the ongoing process students and teachers engage in when they. Focus on learning goals. Take stock of where current work is in relation to the goal. Take action to move closer to the goal.

Ms. Corner is frustrated by the state standards-based tests she must give to her third-grade students. State funding for the district is now tied to performance on these tests. As a result, Ms. Corner and other teachers are under pressure from the administration and board of education to ensure that all students meet state standards. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of this scenario? -Ms. Corner and other teachers will become better teachers so that their students will achieve at higher levels . -Ms. Comer and other teachers will begin to teach only the things that will be covered on the state standard-based test, thus narrowing the curriculum and student learning opportunities. -Ms. Corner and other teachers will ignore the pressure from administrators and the board of education, continue to teach as they always have, and hope for the best. -Ms. Corner and other teachers will spend more time enriching their curriculum so that students will achieve at higher levels.

-Ms. Comer and other teachers will begin to teach only the things that will be covered on the state standard-based test, thus narrowing the curriculum and student learning opportunities.

Which teacher is most likely to gain the cooperation of students following classroom rules and procedures? -Ms. Benes and her students develop a list of rules and procedures at the beginning of the school year; however, she doesn' t enforce the rules and procedures she has established. There are no reinforcements for proper behavior and no consequences for inappropriate behavior. -Ms. Costanza wants her classroom to be very orderly. As a result, she punishes students for the slightest infractions. -Ms. Karner Students participated in the development of classroom rules.They all agreed that each rule was necessary and that the procedures would make the long run more smoothly. When students disobey a rule, she asks them if their behavior is appropriate. -Ms. Peterman has a long list of rules and procedures for students to follow. For instance, when they come into the classroom, they are to first put their homework in the proper folder, then change into the P.E. shoes . lf students do these things in the opposite order, they are reprimanded.

-Ms. Karner Students participated in the development of classroom rules.They all agreed that each rule was necessary and that the procedures would make the long run more smoothly. When students disobey a rule, she asks them if their behavior is appropriate.

Which classroom is likely to have the most positive impact on student motivation -Ms. Davidson is concerned only about her students' academic performance, not their personal lives. Her class is very challenging though not terribly interesting. -Mr. Nelson works hard to get to know his students on a personal as well as an academic basis. Because he cares so much for them, he makes sure that his class is easy enough for all of his students to do well. -Ms. Pagliuca works hard to get to know her students on personal as well as an academic basis. She gives her students work that is challenging and interesting. -Mr. Williams' class is very challenging and competitive. His students compete on a daily basis for points.

-Ms. Pagliuca works hard to get to know her students on personal as well as an academic basis. She gives her students work that is challenging and interesting.

Mark, Jenny, Nicole, and Chris are all taking the SAT this year. Which student is preparing the most wisely? -Chris, who has taken a test-taking skills test every year throughout high school -Jenny, who has consistently taken relatively easy high school courses, and has gotten straight A's -Mark, who has enrolled in a specialized, expensive SAT preparation program -Nicole, who has taken a rigorous high school program of studies, and has reviewed some of the math she took in her early high school years

-Nicole, who has taken a rigorous highschool program of studies, and has reviewed some of the math she took in her early high school years

Ms. Scott has just received the standardized test scores for her class. As she reviews each of them, she notices that Pete scored at the 98th percentile on the reading portion of this nationally normed test. What does this mean? -Pete did better than all but 2% of the norm group on the test. -Pete's score is 1 standard deviation above the mean score of the norm group. -Pete got 98% of the answers correct on the reading portion of the test. -Pete's score is 3 standard deviations above the mean score of the norm group.

-Pete did better than all but 2% of the norm group on the test. Percentile rankings - each student's score is compared with the scores of other students taking the same test at the same time — not the percentage of correct answers.

Which of the following is the best example of a clearly stated classroom procedure? -Keep your hands to yourself. -Put all homework in the homework folder when you come in. -Respect each other's property. -Stay in your seat unless you have permission to get up.

-Put all homework in the homework folder when you come in.

Which of the following examples best reflects the effective use of technology to promote student understanding? -Roberto is using a classroom computer game to help him learn his multiplication facts. The game presents a fact; he types in an answer. Each correct answer earns points. -Patricia is using her computer's word-processing program to type a paper for her English class after having written it out longhand. -Deshawn is immersed in a computer's simulation of the desert ecosystem. -Carmine is texting his best friend during dass regarding their plans for the evening.

-Roberto is using a classroom computer game to help him learn his multiplication facts. The game presents a fact; he types in an answer. Each correct answer earns points.

During class discussion in social sciences, a male African American high school student says that Ms. Smith, a non-latino White teacher, doesn't seem to understand the difficulties and discrimination that many ethnic minority groups have experienced. Which of the following is the most appropriate response of the non-latino White Teacher? -ignore what the student said rather than reinforcing what was said -Tell the student that he seems to be overreacting -Say that he appreciates the student's contribution to the discussion and that he hopes to better understand such difficulties and discrimination -State that he doesn't appreciate the student's lack of respect for his knowledge

-Say that he appreciates the student's contribution to the discussion and that he hopes to better understand such difficulties and discrimination

Which of the following students is least likely to have a strong achievement motivation? -Lee, an African-American student from a middle-income family -Pedro, a Latino student from a middle-income family -Ross, an African-American student from an affluent family -Sean, a White student from a low-income family

-Sean, a White student from a low-income family

Which of the following students is most likely to conform to peer expectations for academic achievement? -Patrick, who is in second grade -Ross, who is in fifth grade -Sheldon, who is in eighth grade -Rose , who is a senior in high school

-Sheldon, who is in eighth grade Researchers have confirmed what parents and teachers have long known: As children grow older, they often become more concerned about impressing their peers than pleasing authority figures. Peer influence during adolescence is normal and tends to peak around age 15, then decline.

Which ofthe following best exemplifies what motivation is? -Robbie is emotional about the upcoming school year and wants to do well. -Sherrle is energized, sets a high goal for doing well in her English class, persists with considerable effort, and makes an A in the class. -Carmello is good at directing his attention to what he wants to accomplish. -Latisha works hard, experiences positive feelings about her academic work, and enjoys working with others .

-Sherrle is energized, sets a high goal for doing well in her English class, persists with considerable effort, and makes an A in the class.

Ms. Craig likes her students to work in small groups. Therefore, she arranges her students' desks in small circles or clusters. What's the problem with this arrangement for whole-class presentations? -Ms. Craig will be unable to see all of her students. -Some students will have to turn their chairs to see. -The classroom will be too congested. -There will be blind spots.

-Some students will have to turn their chairs to see.

Ms. Krzyzewski is teaching a science unit on anatomy. Students have been studying the anatomy of various animals. Which of the following is the best example of a performance assessment of this material? -Students answer oral questions regarding the structures present in different animals. -Students write an essay comparing and contrasting the anatomy of frogs and pigs. -Students dissect animals and identify their anatomical parts. -Students take a multiple-choice test covering the material in the unit.

-Students dissect animals and identify their anatomical parts.

Which of the following is the best example of the predictive validity of a test? -Students who score well on the ACT taken in their Junior year in high school tend to do better In their first year of college than those who score poorly. -The reading portion of a standardized test is supposed to measure both reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge. lt contains a section related to vocabulary and a reading passage with questions that follow. -Students who don't do well on the state-mandated standardized test also do well on a nationally normed standardized test. -Students who do well in the reading section of the state-mandated standardized test also get good grades in reading.

-Students who score well on the ACT taken in their Junior year in high school tend to do better In their first year of college than those who score poorly.

Mr. Brown, a college instructor, includes the following item in a test about the impact of the family on children: "What parenting style does Homer Simpson exhibit?" Mt. Brown's possible answers are "authoritative," authoritarian," "neglectful," and "permissive." Which ofthe following is the most appropriate criticism of Mr. Brown's question and answers? -lt is too easy to eliminate options because they are not all parenting styles. -Parenting style has nothing to do with the impact of family on children. -The question is biased in favor of people who watch The Simpsons. -There is more than one clearly correct response.

-The question is biased in favor of people who watch The Simpsons.

Mr. Dent has just returned Marcia's graded essay to her. Notations of spelling and grammar errors, and the grade, 42/50-B, are all he has written on the test. What is the most appropriate criticism of this assessment? -An essay should never be worth this many points on a test. -Essays should not be graded numerically. -There are no comments to help Marcia see where she did well and where she lost points. -Spelling and grammar errors should not be marked on an essay.

-There are no comments to help Marcia see where she did well and where she lost points.

Which of the following questions is most likely to get students to reflect on their purpose? -What can you do to get good grades? -What's most important to you in your life? -How can you set better short-term goals? -How can you organize your life better to find more time to study?

-What's most important to you in your life?

Which of the following questions that a teacher poses to a student in her eleventh-grade class best reflects an inquiry about the student's purpose in life? -Why did you not study harder for your test this week? -What's most important to you in your life? -What can you do the rest of the year to get a good grade in this course? -How are you going to improve your chances of becoming a school leader?

-What's most important to you in your life?

Ms. Vick has created an assessment to measure the degree to which her students have mastered the content of her unit on the U.S. Constitution. included in the test are items about the Bill of Rights, other constitutional amendments, the American Revolution, and World War II. What is the best description of this assessment? -lt is likely to yield both valid and reliable scores. -The scores are unlikely to be valid or reliable. -While the scores may be reliable, they will not be valid. -While the scores may be valid, they will not be reliable.

-While the scores may be reliable, they will not be valid.

Which student has the least appropriate goal? -As Mark is choosing courses for his senior year in high school, he decided to take the more challenging of the two courses his counselor suggested to him. -Sam is taking geometry in his senior year of high school because he has always struggled in math. -Sylvia decides to take advanced-placement calculus in her senior year although she knows it's a difficult course. -Zelda is a capable math student, but she chooses an easy math course In which she is almost certain to get an A.

-Zelda is a capable math student, but she chooses an easy math course In which she is almost certain to get an A.

Which teaching strategy is most likely to help students overcome procrastination? -assigning a large project to be done in parts, with each part due at a different time -assigning many large projects in a semester to ensure that students will have to learn to manage their time -assigning no work that must be done outside dass -assigning the writing of a list of all of the things students would rather do than their homework

-assigning a large project to be done in parts, with each part due at a different time Procrastination is the act of delaying or postponing a task or a set of tasks. Procrastination tends to reflect a person's struggles with self-control.

Kyle is working on his portfolio for journalism class. Included in the portfolio are his teacher's evaluation notes regarding articles he has written for the school newspaper. These notes are examples of which of the following : -artifacts -attestations -productions -reproductions

-attestations Attestation - the proof or evidence.

Mr. Muhammad's eighth-grade history class corresponds via an Internet blog with an eighth grade class in Spain. They discuss their viewpoints of various aspects of world history. For instance, right now they're discussing the cultural change that occurred in South America as a result of Spanish exploration and conquest. Which answer best describes this activity? -collaborative learning -computer-mediated communication -database searching -WebQuest

-computer-mediated communication

Mr. Williams wants his third-grade students to understand the purpose of blubber in marine mammals. He sets up an experiment for his students using ice water, latex gloves, and lard. First, students put their gloved hands in ice water until they cannot keep them there any longer. Other students time how long they keep their hands submerged. Then, students put their gloved hands in bags of lard and submerge their hands again. Again, other students time how long they keep their hands submerged. All Of the students are able to keep their hands in the ice water longer with their hands in the lord than they can when their hands are merely gloved. What learner-centered instructional strategy has Mr. Williams used? -discovery learning -essential questions -guided discovery -problem-based learning

-guided discovery

Carmella has a great deal of anxiety about school, and it's interfering with her ability to concentrate in school. Which of the following is most likely to help her reduce her anxiety? -helping her replace her negative, self-damaging thoughts with more positive, task- focused thoughts -encouraging her to set higher goals -guiding her to reduce procrastination -getting her to face to reality that she needs to concentrate better

-helping her replace her negative, self-damaging thoughts with more positive, task- focused thoughts Reduce students' anxiety: Practice those deep breaths. Take a break and go outside. Talk about anxiety openly. Get kids moving. Try walking and talking. Think positive by having students keep a gratitude journal. Remind kids to eat healthy and stay well.

Joan just failed a science test."I knew it," she says. "I have never been any good at science, and I never will be." Which of the following best characterizes Joan's attribution for her failure? -external-stable-controllable -external-unstable-uncontrollable -internal-stable-controllable -internal-stable-uncontrollable

-internal-stable-uncontrollable According to attribution theory, people tend to explain success or failure in terms of three types of characteristics: locus of control, stability, and control. High achievers will approach rather than avoid tasks related to succeeding because they believe success is due to high ability and effort which they are confident of. Failure is thought to be caused by bad luck or a poor exam, i.e. not their fault.

Mr. Martinis telling his students how to complete their assignment for tomorrow. While he talks, Sally and Shelley are discussing their after-school plans. Mr. Martin should -interrupt his instruction and say, "Listen up, girls, or you'll be spending your after-school hours with me." -interrupt his instruction to ask, "Is there something that you would like to share with the class, girls?" -keep talking, but look directly at Sally and Shelley; lf that doesn't work, slowly approach them. stop his instruction and wait silently for the girls to stop talking, -while looking directly at them, then say, "Thank you, ladies."

-keep talking, but look directly at Sally and Shelley; lf that doesn't work, slowly approach them.

Joan just received a D on her science exam. "I knew it,"she states, "I've never been any good at science." Which set of factors of the APA's learner-centered principles is best exemplified by Joan's statement? -cognitive and metacognitive -developmental and social -individual differences -motivational and emotional

-motivational and emotional Motivational and affective: What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner's motivation. In turn, motivation is influenced by the individual's emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking. APA Learner-Centered Psychological Principles: Cognitive and Metacognitive, Motivational and Affective, Developmental and Social, Individual Differences.

Scott slides down in his seat to avoid being called on by the teacher. His behavior reflects which of the following in an effort to protect his self-worth by avoiding failure? -failure syndrome -nonperformance -procrastination -setting unreachable goals

-nonperformance

Ken is a fifth-grade student who isn't well liked by his peers. They tease him about the way he looks, the way he dresses, his lack of coordination, and his lack of emotional self-regulation. The bulk of this takes place on the playground during recess. The teasing often reduces Ken to tears, which seems to add fuel to the fire. Which of the following is most likely to reduce this bullying behavior? -in-school suspensions for the bullies -isolating Ken from his peers so he doesn't have to deal with the bullying -removing the bullies' recess privileges -social-skills training for both the bullets and Ken

-social-skills training for both the bullets and Ken

Ms. Carlson has her students enrolled in an online history course. This type of distance learning is referred to as: -e-mail. -virtual school. -tutortal. -d. Web enhancement.

-virtual school.

Ms. Rockefeller has high expectations for her students' behavior. She is rather harsh with punishments when they don't live up to these expectations and accepts no explanations for noncompliance. Her standard response to excuses is, "I don't want to hear it. You broke the rules. You know the consequences." Which management style does Ms. Rockefeller exemplify? Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive neglectful

Authoritarian The authoritarian teacher places firm limits and controls on the students. Students will often have assigned seats for the entire term. The desks are usually in straight rows and there are no deviations.

Which of the following teachers is likely to be the most effective in maximizing academic learning time? -Ms. Chang, who focuses on classroom discipline. Her students are reprimanded each and every time she notices what she perceives to be off-task behavior. -Ms. George, who regularly starts one activity, stops it in favor of another, then returns to the first activity. -Ms. Lange, who informs her students how long they will have to complete an activity, then warns them when there are five minutes left and then plays a certain piece of music during transition time. At the end of the music, the students are to be ready for the next activity. -Ms. Purdy, who requires her students to sit up straight, with both feet on the floor, as a means of gaining their attention.

Ms. Lange, who informs her students how long they will have to complete an activity, then warns them when there are five minutes left and then plays a certain piece of music during transition time. At the end of the music, the students are to be ready for the next activity.

Sally is nervous about the test she will be taking as part of the teacher certification process. The test will cover information regarding educational psychology and child development. Which test is Sally most likely taking? PRAXIS 1 PRAXIS II PRAXIS III National Teacher Certification Test

PRAXIS II

Mr. James wants his students to be able to talk to each other as well as to him. What type of classroom arrangement is best suited to his needs? Auditorium style Cluster Style Offset Style Seminar Style

Seminar Style

Which of the following is the best example of a performance test used to issue a driver's license? a road test a written test covering the rules of the road a vision test a computerized test covering the meaning of road signs

a road test

As Edward is speaking about the importance of integrating electronic media into their American history courses, James checks his watch, looks toward the door, and drums his fingers on the desk. What message is James communicating? interest Disdain anxiety boredom

boredom

Mr. Wilson's students are examining various Websites about world problems. As they examine each one, they're looking at the quality of the information contained on the site, including any forms of cultural, sexual, or political bias. Students will then compile a report of their findings. lf Mr. Wilson was following the International Society for Technology in Education Standards, what grades does he most likely teach? PK-2 b. 3-5 c. 6-8 d. 9-12

c. 6-8

Nicole has just been told that as part of her teacher certification process, there will be a performance assessment. Which of the following is the best performance assessment of Nicole's teaching skills? a multiple-choice exam an essay exam an exam based on case studies direction observation of classroom teaching

direction observation of classroom teaching

Amaal brings home her school report card. On the card are letter grades indicating that Amaal has earned an A in math, reading, and social studies, and a B In science and P.E. Her parents look over the grades, sign the card, and return it to the school. What purpose did the grades serve? administrative guidance informational motivational

informational

Mr. Walker teaches algebra. On the first day of class, he tells students that of the 25 students in the class, 5 will receive A's, 6 will receive 8's, 7 will receive Cs, 4 will receive D's, and3 will receive Ps. What type of grading system is Mr. Walker using? criterion-referenced norm-referenced standards-based weighted

norm-referenced

Ms. Ramirez has assigned her students to analyze the water in a nearby stream, determine the level of pollution in the stream, and develop a solution to the pollution problem. What type of learning target has she created? affect knowledge product reasoning

reasoning

Ms. Jerovitz is reviewing the results of a standardized achievement test her students have taken. She carefully examines and charts the scores on each of the subtests included in the test . She has scores in mathematical reasoning, computation, vocabulary, reading comprehension, spelling, science, and social studies. What type of test did her students most likely take? diagnostic test aptitude test intelligence test survey battery

survey battery Survey Test Batteries : Commonly used to determine general standing with respect to group performance. The battery is a group of subject area tests, usually containing a fairly limited sample of questions with in each subject area. Test batteries usually have lower reliabilities than single subject survey tests bc of the limited question sample of each subject area.