PRE AP ENGLISH 10 ULTIMATE EXAM REVIEW
shakespeare owned a __% share in the theatre which made him his fortune
10 percent
Sonnet
14 line poem
How old was Shakespeare when he died?
52
Motif
A recurring theme, subject or idea
Allusion
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
Tragedy
A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character
Shakespeare's Birthday?
April 23, 1564
What is Shakespeare's nickname?
Bard
Who wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God?
Jonathan Edwards
What was Shakespeare's first play performed at the Globe?
Julius Caesar
How did Shakespeare describe himself?
Kingly/poet
____________ was the tool Shakespeare used to create his great masterpieces
Language
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
What did a white flag mean?
That there would be a performance at 2:00pm
What was the name of Shakespeare's theater?
The Globe Theater
Does a period go before or after a closing quotation mark of a title?
The period always goes before/inside a quotation
Catharsis
a release of emotional tension
Hyperbole
exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Anne Bradstreet
- 1612-1672 - The first American Poet (she is a woman and a puritan) -born into a Puritan family and came to New England in 1630 -Inspired by Shakespeare - had 8 children - wrote about everyday things which was very anti Puritan (she never intended to have them published)
How much does it cost to sit in the first gallery?
1 = 2 cents 2 = 4 cents 3 = 6 cents
Shakespeare went to London during the ____________s. This is called the Lost Years
1580s
What year was Shakespeare's stuff published?
1623 under the First Folio
What do each of the rooms symbolize in the Masque of the Red Death?
1st Room (Blue) = birth 2nd Room (Purple) = childhood 3rd Room (Green) = growth 4th Room (Orange) = early adulthood 5th Room (White) = middle; peace 6th Room (Violet) = older/elder 7th Room (Black) = death
How many people could the Globe hold?
3,000 people
Shakespeare wrote ____ in __ years
37 plays in 20 years
Shakespeare was the ___ child of ______ and _____ Shakespeare
3rd; John; Mary
How many "courses" of this list of virtues does Franklin plan to go through in one year?
4
The year of Caesar's death?
44 B.C.E
The number of sides of the The Globe?
8 = octagon
dependent clause
A clause that is a group of words that also contains a subject and a verb, but it is not a complete thought. Because it is not a complete thought, this clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence.
Simile
A comparison using "like" or "as"
Metaphor
A comparison without using like or as
Archetype
A detail, image, or character type that occurs frequently in literature and myth and is thought to appeal in a universal way to the unconscious and to evoke a response
Conceit
A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.
Personification
A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
verbal irony
A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.
Thomas Putnam
A greedy landowner in Salem. He systematically accuses his neighbors of witchcraft so that he might purchase their lands after they hang.
comic relief
A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood
tragic hero
A literary character who makes an error of judgment or has a fatal flaw that, combined with fate and external forces, brings on a tragedy
John Proctor
A local farmer who lives just outside town; Elizabeth Proctor's husband. A stern, harsh-tongued man, John hates hypocrisy. Nevertheless, he has a hidden sin—his affair with Abigail Williams—that proves his downfall. When the hysteria begins, he hesitates to expose Abigail as a fraud because he worries that his secret will be revealed and his good name ruined.
Soliloquy
A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage
extended metaphor
A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.
Caesura
A natural pause or break in a line of poetry, usually near the middle of the line.
Pun
A play on words
Antithesis
A rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Antithesis emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers.
Rhetorical Question
A rhetorical question is asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected. A rhetorical question may have an obvious answer but the questioner asks rhetorical questions to lay emphasis to the point. In literature, a rhetorical question is self-evident and used for style as an impressive persuasive device.
Deputy Governor Danforth
A special judge serving in the Salem court during the witch trials. He signs the death sentences for those individuals who refuse to confess their crimes. He refuses to delay any execution for fear that he will appear weak and irresolute.
Monologue
A speech by one actor; a long talk by one person
What is an aphorism?
A statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner.
Paradox
A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
Conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
Giles Corey
An elderly but feisty farmer in Salem, famous for his tendency to file lawsuits. Giles's wife, Martha, is accused of witchcraft, and he himself is eventually held in contempt of court and pressed to death with large stones.
Who wrote "Here Follow Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House", "To My Dear and Loving Husband?"
Anne Bradstreet
Shakespeare married _________ because she was ________. He was ____ and she was _____ years older
Anne Hathaway; pregnant; 18; 8
What does Franklin say must happen before people can depend on correct moral behavior?
Bad habits need to be broken and new, good ones established before moral conduct may be dependable.
Sarah Good
Beggar in Salem. She is the first individual accused of witchcraft.
Theme
Central idea of a work of literature
1800
Characteristic of Native American Literature: Not recognized until the late ____s
inclusive
Characteristic of Native American Literature: _________ world (ex. characters = only animals)
chants, stories, epic narratives, myths
Characteristic of Native American Literature: often ______, ______, ____ __________, and ______
What reward was Shakespeare given for his life's work?
Coat of Arms
I ate dinner.
Complete sentence
At the age of six, my mother sang hymns to me
Dangling Modifiers
Expecting confusion, our plans were made
Dangling Modifiers
Feeling hot, sweaters were taken off
Dangling Modifiers
Because I woke up late this morning
Dependent Clause
If my neighbor does not pay his rent on time
Dependent Clause
Imagery
Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
Who wrote The Raven?
Edgar Allan Poe
"...We can hope to arrive at truth, and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country."
Ethos
"For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it."
Ethos
"No man thinks more highly than I do of patriotism."
Ethos
Start after the weekend.
Fragment
Rebecca Nurse
Francis Nurse's wife. Rebecca is a wise, sensible, and upright woman, held in tremendous regard by most of the Salem community. However, she falls victim to the hysteria when the Putnams accuse her of witchcraft and she refuses to confess.
Susanna Walcott
Friend to Abigail. She also takes part in the trials by falsely accusing others of witchcraft.
Mark Antony speech
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interred with their bones; So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest- For Brutus is an honourable man; So are they all, all honourable men- Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me: But Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill: Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And, sure, he is an honourable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause: What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him? O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me.
What was Shakespeare's father's occupation?
Glove maker then became a high bailiff
In 1596, tragedy struck when _________ died at age 11
Hamnet
What was unusual about Shakespeare's will?
He didn't give anything to Judith or his wife
What subjects were used for Shakespeare's sonnets?
His lovers and idols
What was Franklin's condition of life when he arrived in Philadelphia?
His nice clothes had not arrived yet so he was wearing working clothes and he was really dirty from his journey. He was tired and hungry. He had no money and no plan on where he would be staying. When he went to a bakery, he discovered that things worked much differently than Boston. He then walked around a little bit and fell asleep during a random Quaker meeting.
Phillis Wheatley Poem structure?
Iambic Pentameter
Mood
In literature, mood is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions. Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers. Mood is developed in a literary piece through various methods. It can be developed through setting, theme, tone and diction.
independent clause
Is a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence. Contains a subject and a predicate and makes sense by itself. Can be joined by using a semicolon or by using a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction.
What was special about the 7th room?
It had black walls and a red window, the other rooms has matching walls and windows.
What did Hamnet's death mean to Shakespeare?
It mean there was no male heir to inherit his money and land and to keep the family name going
What was ironic about Shakespeare's day of death?
It was on his birthday, April 23, 1616
In 1603, who became ruler of England?
James I
"Because It is my name!"
John Proctor
Elizabeth Proctor
John Proctor's wife. Elizabeth fired Abigail when she discovered that her husband was having an affair with Abigail. Accused of witchcraft and says she is pregnant. Elizabeth is supremely virtuous, but often cold.
What was the primary language studied by Shakespeare?
Latin
Where did Shakespeare get his subjects for plays?
Literature/existing plays
"Has Great Britain any enemy, in this quarter of the world to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none."
Logos
"I know of now way of judging of the future but by the past."
Logos
"Shall we try to argument? Sir, we have been trying to do that for the last 10 years"
Logos
Who were the fireside poets?
Longfellow, Whittier, Holmes, and Lowell
Reverend Hale
Minister in Beverly. The people of Salem summon him to investigate Betty's condition and determine if witchcraft is responsible. He supports the witch trials, but later denounces them when he learns that Abigail is lying.
The car on the bridge which is green is mine
Misplaced Modifiers
We were told at midnight the concert would begin
Misplaced Modifiers
When should a title be Italicized?
Novels or Newspapers
In what part of London would you find the theaters?
Outside the city
What ancient writer influenced Shakespeare?
Ovid
"....But as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"
Pathos
"....I consider it as nothing less than a question of freedom or slavery"
Pathos
"Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss."
Pathos
When should a title be put in quotations?
Poems, short stories, chapters
blank verse
Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
What did poets want to prove in romanticism?
Poets wanted to prove that Americans were not unsophisticated hicks. They proved this by working with European traditions. Even when they constructed poems with American settings and subject matters, they used European examples
What did the Hut in the Globe provide?
Pulley system and sounds, as well as flying characters would come from there
Who was the ruler of England during Shakespeare's time?
Queen Elizabeth
Tituba
Reverend Parris's black slave from Barbados. Tituba agrees to perform voodoo (conjuring spirtits) at Abigail's request.
Abigail Williams
Reverend Parris's niece. Abigail was once the servant for the Proctor household, but Elizabeth Proctor fired her after she discovered that Abigail was having an affair with her husband, John Proctor. Abigail is smart, wily, a good liar, and vindictive when crossed. She accuses others falsely of witchcraft.
Betty Parris
Reverend Parris's ten-year-old daughter. Betty falls into a strange stupor after Parris catches her and the other girls dancing in the forest with Tituba. Her illness and that of Ruth Putnam fuel the first rumors of witchcraft.
Brutus Speech
Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar's, to him I say, that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: -Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him: but, as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honour for his valour; and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply. Then none have I offended. I have done no more to Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol; his glory not extenuated, wherein he was worthy, nor his offences enforced, for which he suffered death. Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony: who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying, a place in the commonwealth; as which of you shall not? With this I depart,-that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death.
I love to write papers I would write one every day if I had the time.
Run On
Mercy Lewis
Servant to the Putnams and friend to Abigail. She participates in the witch trials by pretending to see spirits and falsely accusing individuals of witchcraft.
What does she say about Africa?
She says that it was a mercy that she left Africa
Where was Shakespeare born?
Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Shakespeare's 3 children name?
Susanna, Judith and Hamnet
Why does Franklin place temperance first on his list?
Temperance provided a clear mindset which would be necessary to master the other twelve virtues. It will help Franklin to continue working hard and not give in t temptation.
The area were monologues are recited is called?
The Discovery Space
The new title of the acting troupe became...
The King's Men/The King's Courts
Ruth Putnam
The Putnams' daughter. She accuses individuals of practicing witchcraft. A witness claims to have heard Putnam say Ruth's accusations helped him obtain land.
What was the last play Shakespeare Wrote?
The Tempest
What event changed Shakespeare's life in 1613?
The globe burned down
Reverend Parris
The minister of Salem's church. Reverend Parris is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Many of the townsfolk, especially John Proctor, dislike him, and Parris is very concerned with building his position in the community.
What does the Raven represent?
The raven speaks the truth and shows Ethos, but it represents death which speaks through the gothicness of Romanticism
What is the one place that Dimmesdale is safe from Chillingworth?
The scaffold
Mary Warren
The servant in the Proctor household and a member of Abigail's group of girls. She is a timid girl, easily influenced by those around her, who tried unsuccessfully to expose the hoax and ultimately recanted her confession.
Setting
The time and place of a story
What is the theme of Rip Van Winkle?
Washington Irving's story ''Rip Van Winkle'' has three major themes. One theme is freedom, or the ability to make your own decisions. Another theme is progress, or moving forward. The final theme is change, which happens when things become different.
What was Shakespeare's first experience with theater?
Watching traveling actors that came once a year
Who is the author of "Of Plymouth Plantation"?
William Bradford
misplaced modifier
Words or phrases that do not clearly point to the word or phrase they modify, in this way obscuring meaning
Juxtaposition
a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.
Allusion
a reference to a historical or fictional character, place, event, or to another work that the writer assumes the reader will recognize
anachronism
a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, especially a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned.
infinitive/infinitive phrase
a verb form preceded by that is used as a noun, adjective, or Adverb. EX: TO LEAVE would be rude
gerund phrase
a verb form that ends in -ing that is used as a noun. Nouns can be subjects, direct objects, predicate nouns, appositives, or objects of prepositions. EX: WALKING is a healthy exercise
dangling modifier
a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. Often, they can be found at the beginning of sentences, though they can also appear at a sentence's end. They frequently include an -ing word (gerund) and to + verb (infinitive) phrase near the start of a sentence
drama
a work of literature designed to be performed in front of an audience
Women's parts were usually played by __________
adult males
Leonardo da Vinci, ONE OF THE GREATEST GENIUSES OF ALL TIME, live in Italy
appositive phrase
appositive/appositive phrase
appositive/appositive phrase a noun or pronouns set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it . EX: My brother's car, A SPORTY MUSTANG, is the envy of my friends.
Charlie complained of HEARING NOISES OUTSIDE
gerund
EXERCISING is a good stress reliever
gerund
WRITING PAPERS FOR ENGLISH is something she enjoys
gerund
We enjoyed SEEING VIDEOS OF THE KIDS
gerund
At an early age Leonardo began HIS ARTISTIC EXPLORING
gerund phrase
BUYING FIRE EXTINGUISHERS is a good way to save lives
gerund phrase
Which verbal always ends in "ing"?
gerund phrase
What is the nickname of the playgoers who stood in the pit?
groundlings
I was late to work.
independent clause
The instructor spent the class period reviewing the difference between independent and dependent clauses.
independent clause
Susie hoped TO LEARN GRAMMAR before the test
infinitive
TO ACT ON BROADWAY is her dream
infinitive
His skills as artist, inventor, and scientists enabled him TO TOWER OVER HIS FELLOW ARTISTS.
infinitive phrase
Which verbal can function as a noun, adjective or adverb?
infinitive phrase
Which verbal(s) may functions as an adjective?
infinitive phrase, participial phrase
The value of Shakespeare's writing is his _____ into the human experience.
inside
Inversion
inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)
Characteristic of Native American Literature: often teaches a _____ ______
lesson/story
Goody Putnam
lost 7 babies during birth, mother to Ruth and wife of Thomas
Shakespeare is most well known as a supreme
manipulator of language
Main focus of romanticism?
nature, family, patriotism, God, and religion
What are the 6 "i"s of Romanticism?
ntuition, innocence, imagination, idealism, individuality, and inspiration
what did the "dark lady" represent?
obsessive love; competing suitor
Laura was irritated by the wet towels LYING ON THE CARPET
participial phrase
RECEIVING MY TICKETS, I was set for my trip to London.
participial phrase
Our cabin didn't have RUNNING water
participle
SEARCHING THE ROOM, I found my jacket
participle
The students, DETERMINED TO MAKE AN A, studied for hours
participle
The Dinner ON THE STOVE is ready
preposition
The girl IN THE BOOTS won the prize.
preposition
we went TO THE PLAY
prepositional phrase
Parallel Structure
repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.
Censorship
suppressing or deleting portions of plays or other written works
peroration
the concluding part of a discourse and especially an oration ; a highly rhetorical speech (ending of QE)
In London, theaters were often closed due to _____.
the plague outbreak
Climax
the turning point of the story
The 3 members of Rome's first _____________ are _____________ Crassus and Caesar. Along with the ___________ they formed Rome's govt which was called a ___________________. After the Civil War, ___________ flees to _______ where his is murdered. Shakespeare's ideas for Julius Caesar came from the book titled ____________________ by Plutarch
triumvirate; Pompey; Senate; Republic; Pompey; Egypt; Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
implied metaphor
type of metaphor that compares two unlike things without mentioning one of them. For example, "Elise finally lured Adam into her web." In this line, we know what Elise is being compared to a spider, but it isn't expressly stated
Allegory
underlying meaning; may be moral, religious, political, or satire
How were the theaters viewed by society?
ungodly and immoral
participial phrase
verb form used as an adjective. Present Part always end in ING, past may end in ed, en, or t. EX: The EXHAUSTED puppies collapsed in the chair
dramatic irony
when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't