Pre-Lab Quiz Answers

When leaf pigments absorb light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, providing energy to:

ALL OF THE ABOVE - produce atp - reduce NADP+

What will happen in the experiment when light hits the chloroplasts?

ALL OF THE ABOVE - DPIP will be reduced - DPIP will change from blue to colorless - there will be an increase in light transmittance

What is the enzyme we will be using in lab today?

ALP

__________ is more resistant than ___________ to processing and can be extracted from highly processed foods, making it a better option for identifying GM in food.

DNA (more resistant to processing) proteins

Pre-lab quiz 2

Microscopy and cell structure

Pre-lab quiz 3

analytical techniques

If you get stuck while researching papers/topics or citing a paper what is the best solution?

ask an NSU librarian

Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart ______

beats per minute (bpm)

The linear relationship between the concentration of a colored solution and its light absorbance is known as the ______

beer-lambert law

CO2 is converted into a stable organic compound through a process known as

carbon fixation

The variable that is manipulated or varied by the researcher in an experiment is the

independent variable

There is a(n) __________ relationship between the color of a solution and the wavelength of light it best absorbs

inverse

Pre-lab quiz 10

investigating genetically modified foods part 2

Pre-lab quiz 9

investigation genetically modified foods part 1

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

the cell becomes shriveled

Aerobic respiration yields more ATP than anaerobic respiration.

true

Fermentation generates energy (i.e., ATP)

true

In the United States, genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled as such

true

Independent variables are usually plotted on the X-axis of a graph, whereas dependent variables are usually plotted on the Y-axis

true

Moving molecules against their concentration gradient requires energy

true

Potential allergic reactions to novel proteins and Antibiotic resistance from selectable markers are major arguments against/concerns associated with the GMO industry

true

When an enzyme's reaction rate doubles for every 10 degree Celsius increase in temperature it's called the Q10 effect

true

The cause behind the results of an experiment will stay the same if we repeat the experiment tomorrow follows the principles of

uniformity

What does homozygous mean?

when the same pair of alleles composes a trait

What color will the product of today's experiment (pNP) turn?

yellow

What micropipette(s) could be used to measure out 175μL of liquid?

- P200 - P1000

At which stages of aerobic cellular respiration are ATP produced?

- glycolysis - krebs cycle - chemiosmosis

What factors determine how fast water moves across a membrane? Select all that apply

- hydrostatic pressure - solute concentration difference

If you were to attend lab in person, what is the proper attire you must wear before entering the lab? (Select all that apply)

- lab coat - close toed shoes - long pants

Many species are unable to utilize oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration due to:

- lack of ETC proteins - lack of oxygen in the environment - lack of enzymes needed to inactivate free radicals

Resolution is determined by:

- lens quality - lens diameter - magnification - visual acuity

100μL is equivalent to:

0.1 mL

General steps in order of the scientific method

1. Making observations/asking questions (observations about some process or phenomenon of interest) 2. Developing hypotheses (hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable) 3. Design an experiment and test the hypothesis (identify variables; independent and dependent) 4. Analyze results (show results in a table or graph) 5. Repeat (formulate and test new hypothesis based off information gathered)

Ocular lenses found in most compound light microscopes a magnification of?

10X

What volume of liquid would a P200 micropipette at this setting (pictured below) measure out? 1 5 5

155 μL

Match the phase (or step) of photosynthesis to the process 1st phase/step 2nd pahse/step

1st phase/step -> light reactions 2nd phase/step -> dark reactions

From start to finish, place in order the laboratory steps that must be accomplished in order to identify DNA from sample/organisms

1st step: DNA isolation 2nd step: PCR amplification 3rd step: Gel electrophoresis of PCR products 4th step: analysis of gel results

What is the optimal temperature for most enzymes?

20 to 40 degrees Celsius

How much ATP is generated by the complete oxidization of pyruvate into CO2 and H2O via aerobic respiration?

36-38

You are using a compound microscope and you have the objective lens set to 40x. What is the total magnification you are using to view the specimen?

400X

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Which image below depicts high accuracy but low precision?

C check chapter 3 for target

What is used to compare observed ratios for a given cross compare with predicted ratios?

Chi-square analysis (χ2)

What is the test that can be used to detect proteins that are produced in GM crops?

ELISA

The first offspring produced from a monohybrid cross is called the

F1 generation

Pre-lab quiz 1

Heart rate investigation

Match the photosystem to the specialized pigment molecules PSI PSII

PSI -> P700 PSII -> P680

Match the step of PCR with what is occurring in the test tube Annealing Denaturation Extension

annealing -> DNA primers hybridize to the DNA strand denaturation -> double stranded DNA melts into single stranded RNA extension -> DNA strand elongates with DNA polymerase

Your resting heart rate is___________

both b and c: - when your heart is pumping the least amount of blood - when your heart rate is at its slowest

Pre-lab quiz 6

cellular respiration

The process by which organisms chemically oxidize organic compounds as a means of generating ATP is?

cellular respiration

What color-producing chemical will be used in today's lab to determine the concentration of glucose solutions through absorbance readings?

chromagen

What are autosomes?

chromosomes 1-22

Below is an image of a compound light microscope. What is represented by the letter F?

coarse focus adjustment knob check lab notebook page 9 OR check pre-lab quiz question 2

If you were given a sample of bacteria to analyze, which microscope would be best for quickly identifying the specimen?

compound

In prokaryotic cells, catabolism of pyruvate takes place in the __________________. Whereas, in eukaryotic cells, it occurs in the _________________________.

cytoplasm (prokaryotic) mitochondria (eukaryotic)

What is the correct order for the steps of PCR amplification?

denaturation, annealing, extension

What number do chromosomes of somatic cells contain?

diploid (2n)

Name the two types of peas that we will be working with in the cellular respiration lab

dormants peas and germinating peas

Which has a smaller wavelength: electrons or visible light?

electrons (have smaller wavelength)

Pre-lab quiz 7

exploring photosynthesis

A denatured enzyme can catalyze a chemical reaction

false

Dissecting microscopes allow higher magnification than compound microscopes

false

Enzyme activity typically occurs within a very broad pH range

false

If the results of a patient's two "random" glucose readings are 196 mg/dL and 200mg/dL, this person meets the criteria of diabetes mellitus

false

Only glucose can be broken down to generate ATP

false

Plant cells are like red blood cells and can potentially burst when placed in solutions of varying tonicity

false

Simple diffusion requires energy input

false

Photosynthesis is a catabolic process

false (it is an anabolic process)

The act of placing genes for selected traits directly into crop plants is a form of genetic modification known as______________

genetic transformation

What is the genetic composition of an organism called?

genotype

What is the end product of photosynthesis (for the plant)?

glucose

Match the process to its substrate (i.e. starting material) Glycolysis Kreb's cycle ETC

glycolysis -> glucose kreb's cycle -> pyruvic acid/pyruvate ETC -> electrons

Who is known as the 'founder' of genetics?

gregor mendel

DNA Polymerase is derived from a bacterium that lives in

high-temperature steam vents

What will happen when a red blood cell is placed in distilled water?

lysis will occur

Pre-lab quiz 8

mendelian genetics

Can dominant alleles be masked by recessive alleles?

no

In an experiment designed to determine the rate of reaction based on the content of each beaker, the hypothesis that states there will be no difference in the outcome of the experiment is

null hypothesis

Below is an image of a compound light microscope. What is represented by the letter B?

objective lens check lab notebook page 9 OR check pre-lab quiz question 2

The movement of water molecules from a region of high free water concentration to a region of low free water concentration is known as ____________________

osmosis

Pre-lab quiz 4

osmosis and diffusion

Tonicity is the measure of what?

osmotic pressure

What is the in vitro substrate for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that we will be using in lab?

pNPP

DNA from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into the genomes of crops to make them

pest resistant

What is the appearance of a particular trait called?

phenotype

ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of _______________ attached to proteins or lipids

phosphate groups

Large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light are called:

photosystems

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) does what of the following?

produce 3-D images of the surfaces of objects

Pre-lab quiz 5

properties of enzymes

What macromolecule is an enzyme classified as?

protein

The difference between dialysis tubing and real cell membranes is that

real membranes are more selective

Blue-colored objects absorb which wavelength of light the most?

red blue objects absorb most RED light

Being able to reproduce the results of an experiment on a separate day follows the principles of

similarity of causation

Which of the following molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane? Mark all that apply

small molecules

What is the name of the machine we will use in today's lab to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a solution?

spectrophotometer

Primers serve as _________ for amplifying the target region of the DNA to be copied

start and stop points

During the dark reactions, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is brought into the leaf through tiny pores called: ___________

stomata

What happens if either the enzyme or substrate is limited?

the enzymes reaction rate will remain constant

What is the P generation?

the first set of parents crossed