Preparatory Module - Big Review
Epinephrine, nebulized
--
Racemic epinephrine
--
Ped dose - Epi
0.01 mg/kg
Ped dose - naloxone
0.1 mg/kg
Ped dose - glucagon
0.1 mg/kg 0.5 mg for <25 kg and 1 mg for >25 kg can also be used
Adult dose - EPI
0.3 mg
Adult Dose - nitroglycerin
0.4 mg (0.8 mg in severe pulmonary edema)
Adult dose - naloxone
0.4 mg to 2 mg
Adult Dose - Ipratropium Bromide
0.5 mg
Ped Dose - Ipratropium Bromide
0.5 mg
Adult dose - glucagon
1 mg
Concentration - EPI
1 mg/ml
Bilateral calcaneal and distal tib/fib deformities
Sign for SMR
Neck pain
Sign for SMR
Gurgling
The sound of fluid obstructing the airway
Snoring
The sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating a partial obstruction of air flow
Method of action - Albuterol
acts on β2-adrenergic receptors, inducing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and inhibiting immediate hypersensitivity mediator release, particularly from mast cells
Mitosis
all other cells
coagulopathy
any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation
Ipratropium bromide is used to treat
asthma, colds, allergies, COPD
Method of action - naloxone
attaches to opioid receptors and reverses and blocks the effects of other opioids
If the sodium-potassium pump stopped working
cell will swell from excess water
Causing dead space ventilation which means that CO2 will further (climb/decline)
climb
frontal lobe
concerned with organization, planning, and creative thinking
4 signs that it is a tension pneumo
hypoxia, JVD, hypotension, tracheal deviation away from injured lung
Which causes to CO2 (increase/decrease)
increase
4 main causes of edema
increase in hydrostatic pressure, decrease in oncotic pressure, hypoalbuminemia, increased capillary permeability
A early way to compensate for hypoperfusion is
increasing systemic vascular resistance
Method of action - Ipratropium Bromide
inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system at the level of the airway which then produces bronchodilatation
Phrenic nerve
innervates the diaphragm
If there is a flail segment, inhalation causes the segment to move (inwards/outwards)
inwards
Glucose dose
it varies, 30 to 40 g in a tube
Why would someone in hemorrhagic shock have a high heart rate
marathon runner, uses beta blockers
With the (positive/negative) pressure generated by spontaneous respiration
negative
Nitroglycerin
nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
Diaphoresis
profuse sweating
If there is flexion at the lanto-axial joint
put padding under the patient's torso
Method of action - glucagon
raises blood sugar through activation of hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulating glycogenolysis and the release of glucose
Signs of compensated shock
High HR High BP Anxiety Lowering BP Pallor Diaphoresis Oliguria
respiratory rate is regulated by
CO2 levels
Muscle contraction
Ca
Plateau phase of cardiac action potential
Ca
Stored in the body in a process that requires vitamin D
Ca
Balances the positive charge generated by Na
Cl
Ipratropium Bromide
Atrovent
Ipratropium bromide
Atrovent HFA (inhalation)
Albuterol
Bronchodilator
Adult Dose - racemic epinephrine
11.25 mg
Ped Dose - racemic epinephrine
11.25 mg
Adult dose - aspirin
160 to 325 mg
Adult Dose - albuterol
2,5 to 5 mg
Ped Dose - albuterol
2.5 to 5 mg
Adult Dose - epinephrine
5 mg
Ped Dose - epinephrine
5 mg
Who can compensate for hemorrhagic shock the longest
6-8 year olds
Glucagon
A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
parietal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.
Oral glucose
A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream
Aspirin
Antiplatelet
Mediastinum
Connective tissue that divides chest in right and left, hold hearts, greatest vessels, trachea and esophagus
Peritoneum
Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
Pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
Ipratropium bromide is used in
Duo neb
what can be a result of inappropriate saline administration in a trauma
Hypothermia, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis
Method of action - oral glucose
Increase the supply of glucose and help stimulate insulin production
Hypercarbia
Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.
Method of action - nitroglycerin
Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries; produces vasodilation, reduces myocardial 02 consumption, relieves/prevents angina attacks; increases cardiac output which decreases blood pressure
The flail segment no longer participates in generating that intrathoracic pressure further (increasing/decreasing)
Increasing
Plummet of cardiac action potential
K
Plummet phase of neural action potential
K
Primary intracellular ion
K
Signs of uncompensated shock
Lethargy Low BP
Fluid blanace
Na
Summit of cardiac action potential
Na
Summit of neuronal action potential
Na
Primary extracellular ion
Na, Cl
Naloxone
Narcan
You are responding to a 55-year-old pedestrian who was struck by a car at an intersection. They are conscious but anxious, with the following vital signs: BP 70/30, HR 78, RR 22, SpO2 96% RA. Which of the following types of shock do you suspect
Neurogenic
Epinephrine
Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.
And SpO2 will (increase/decrease).
decrease
Depth of ventilation will (increase/decrease)
decrease
Eventually, as the patient fatigues, respiratory rate will (increase/decrease)
decrease
NREMT purpose is to
determine what entry level competence looks like
best treatments for large burns
dry, moist dressing can lead to hypothermia
Method of action - epinephrine
epinephrine leads to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation that helps to relieve bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis
If suspect TBI for someone who is unconscious and apneic, then
hyperventilation is indicated if they show signs of herniation
preventable causes of secondary brain injury when treating a TBI
hyperventilation, hyperthermia, hypotension, hypoxia
If ventilating inadequately, EtCO2 will
rise
Strech receptors
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure help to limit inspiration
Meiosis
sex cells
Pain on inspiration causes the patient to take (larger/smaller) breaths
smaller
Retroperitoneum
space behind the peritoneum
temporal love
speech and sound processing
mechanism for neurogenic shock
spinal cord injury leads to loss of sympathetic stimulation from the thoracolumbar nerves
Method of Action - epinephrine
stimulates spontaneous cardiac contractions, increases systemic vascular resistance resulting in an increased aortic diastolic perfusion pressure, and improves coronary blood flow. It is relevant that epinephrine constricts peripheral vessels but preserves flow to vital organs causing coronary artery dilation.
Stridor
strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx
Oliguira
the production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Method of action - aspirin
to inhibit platelet production, reduces clotting
Occipital lobe
visual processing