Preparatory Module - Big Review

Epinephrine, nebulized

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Racemic epinephrine

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Ped dose - Epi

0.01 mg/kg

Ped dose - naloxone

0.1 mg/kg

Ped dose - glucagon

0.1 mg/kg 0.5 mg for <25 kg and 1 mg for >25 kg can also be used

Adult dose - EPI

0.3 mg

Adult Dose - nitroglycerin

0.4 mg (0.8 mg in severe pulmonary edema)

Adult dose - naloxone

0.4 mg to 2 mg

Adult Dose - Ipratropium Bromide

0.5 mg

Ped Dose - Ipratropium Bromide

0.5 mg

Adult dose - glucagon

1 mg

Concentration - EPI

1 mg/ml

Bilateral calcaneal and distal tib/fib deformities

Sign for SMR

Neck pain

Sign for SMR

Gurgling

The sound of fluid obstructing the airway

Snoring

The sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway creating a partial obstruction of air flow

Method of action - Albuterol

acts on β2-adrenergic receptors, inducing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and inhibiting immediate hypersensitivity mediator release, particularly from mast cells

Mitosis

all other cells

coagulopathy

any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation

Ipratropium bromide is used to treat

asthma, colds, allergies, COPD

Method of action - naloxone

attaches to opioid receptors and reverses and blocks the effects of other opioids

If the sodium-potassium pump stopped working

cell will swell from excess water

Causing dead space ventilation which means that CO2 will further (climb/decline)

climb

frontal lobe

concerned with organization, planning, and creative thinking

4 signs that it is a tension pneumo

hypoxia, JVD, hypotension, tracheal deviation away from injured lung

Which causes to CO2 (increase/decrease)

increase

4 main causes of edema

increase in hydrostatic pressure, decrease in oncotic pressure, hypoalbuminemia, increased capillary permeability

A early way to compensate for hypoperfusion is

increasing systemic vascular resistance

Method of action - Ipratropium Bromide

inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system at the level of the airway which then produces bronchodilatation

Phrenic nerve

innervates the diaphragm

If there is a flail segment, inhalation causes the segment to move (inwards/outwards)

inwards

Glucose dose

it varies, 30 to 40 g in a tube

Why would someone in hemorrhagic shock have a high heart rate

marathon runner, uses beta blockers

With the (positive/negative) pressure generated by spontaneous respiration

negative

Nitroglycerin

nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina

Diaphoresis

profuse sweating

If there is flexion at the lanto-axial joint

put padding under the patient's torso

Method of action - glucagon

raises blood sugar through activation of hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulating glycogenolysis and the release of glucose

Signs of compensated shock

High HR High BP Anxiety Lowering BP Pallor Diaphoresis Oliguria

respiratory rate is regulated by

CO2 levels

Muscle contraction

Ca

Plateau phase of cardiac action potential

Ca

Stored in the body in a process that requires vitamin D

Ca

Balances the positive charge generated by Na

Cl

Ipratropium Bromide

Atrovent

Ipratropium bromide

Atrovent HFA (inhalation)

Albuterol

Bronchodilator

Adult Dose - racemic epinephrine

11.25 mg

Ped Dose - racemic epinephrine

11.25 mg

Adult dose - aspirin

160 to 325 mg

Adult Dose - albuterol

2,5 to 5 mg

Ped Dose - albuterol

2.5 to 5 mg

Adult Dose - epinephrine

5 mg

Ped Dose - epinephrine

5 mg

Who can compensate for hemorrhagic shock the longest

6-8 year olds

Glucagon

A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

parietal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

Oral glucose

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

Aspirin

Antiplatelet

Mediastinum

Connective tissue that divides chest in right and left, hold hearts, greatest vessels, trachea and esophagus

Peritoneum

Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Ipratropium bromide is used in

Duo neb

what can be a result of inappropriate saline administration in a trauma

Hypothermia, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis

Method of action - oral glucose

Increase the supply of glucose and help stimulate insulin production

Hypercarbia

Increased carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream.

Method of action - nitroglycerin

Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries; produces vasodilation, reduces myocardial 02 consumption, relieves/prevents angina attacks; increases cardiac output which decreases blood pressure

The flail segment no longer participates in generating that intrathoracic pressure further (increasing/decreasing)

Increasing

Plummet of cardiac action potential

K

Plummet phase of neural action potential

K

Primary intracellular ion

K

Signs of uncompensated shock

Lethargy Low BP

Fluid blanace

Na

Summit of cardiac action potential

Na

Summit of neuronal action potential

Na

Primary extracellular ion

Na, Cl

Naloxone

Narcan

You are responding to a 55-year-old pedestrian who was struck by a car at an intersection. They are conscious but anxious, with the following vital signs: BP 70/30, HR 78, RR 22, SpO2 96% RA. Which of the following types of shock do you suspect

Neurogenic

Epinephrine

Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as adrenaline.

And SpO2 will (increase/decrease).

decrease

Depth of ventilation will (increase/decrease)

decrease

Eventually, as the patient fatigues, respiratory rate will (increase/decrease)

decrease

NREMT purpose is to

determine what entry level competence looks like

best treatments for large burns

dry, moist dressing can lead to hypothermia

Method of action - epinephrine

epinephrine leads to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation that helps to relieve bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis

If suspect TBI for someone who is unconscious and apneic, then

hyperventilation is indicated if they show signs of herniation

preventable causes of secondary brain injury when treating a TBI

hyperventilation, hyperthermia, hypotension, hypoxia

If ventilating inadequately, EtCO2 will

rise

Strech receptors

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure help to limit inspiration

Meiosis

sex cells

Pain on inspiration causes the patient to take (larger/smaller) breaths

smaller

Retroperitoneum

space behind the peritoneum

temporal love

speech and sound processing

mechanism for neurogenic shock

spinal cord injury leads to loss of sympathetic stimulation from the thoracolumbar nerves

Method of Action - epinephrine

stimulates spontaneous cardiac contractions, increases systemic vascular resistance resulting in an increased aortic diastolic perfusion pressure, and improves coronary blood flow. It is relevant that epinephrine constricts peripheral vessels but preserves flow to vital organs causing coronary artery dilation.

Stridor

strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

Oliguira

the production of abnormally small amounts of urine

Method of action - aspirin

to inhibit platelet production, reduces clotting

Occipital lobe

visual processing