PREPU 2090 CHAP 33 NUTRITION

A nurse is discussing neonatal care with a new parent. Which statement by the nurse best describes the value of breastfeeding?

"Breastfeeding provides the neonate with immunity against some bacteria and viruses." Explanation: Breast milk provides neonates with immunity against some bacteria and viruses, results in different intestinal flora than with artificial formula, decreases the incidence of allergies, and provides a well-balanced and ideal source of nutrition. Breastfeeding does help the new parent bond with the neonate and is a complete source of nutrition.

The nurse is providing care for an older adult client who is recovering from pneumonia on the hospital's medical unit. The nurse sets up the client's dinner tray on his over bed table. The client then states, "I won't be having any of this." What is the nurse's most appropriate response?

"Can you tell me why you don't want to have dinner tonight?"

The nurse is reviewing a client's understanding of dietary choices that will help reduce high triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the best options to be included in the diet?

"I plan to use more sunflower oil in my diet selections."

A student is following current recommendations for assessing tube placement. A staff nurse says, "Oh, just insert air & listen for a 'whoosh' sound." How would the student respond?

"That procedure has been found to be unreliable." Explanation: Some clinicians remain reluctant to abandon the auscultatory method of checking tube placement. This procedure has proven unreliable & may result in tragic consequences if used as the sole indicator of tube placement.

An older adult client who has a BMI of 28.1 & gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports heartburn frequently. The nurse plans to teach the client how to manage & prevent heartburn. What information will the nurse include in the teaching for this client?

- Do not use products that contain nicotine, such as tobacco & vaping devices. - Maintain a diet that is low in fat. - Plan a nutritious diet that will allow you to lose weight. Explanation: No smoking, low fat diets, & losing weight. Nicotine lowers esophageal sphincter pressure, allowing reflux. Dietary fat increases likelihood of reflux. Being overweight (BMI over 25) increases intra-abdominal pressure, pushing gastric contents into the esophagus. Raise the head of the bed 30 to 40 degrees. Pillows do not raise the level of the esophagus. Avoid eating before bedtime. Alcohol relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter pressure & increases gastric acid.

The nurse researches factors that may alter nutrition. Which statements accurately describe factors that influence nutritional status? Select all that apply. a) During adulthood, there is an increase in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) with each decade. b) Because of the changes related to aging, the caloric needs of the older adult increase. c) During pregnancy and lactation, nutrient requirements increase. d) Nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life. e) Men and women differ in their nutrient requirements. f) Trauma, surgery, and burns decrease nutrient requirements.

- During pregnancy & lactation, nutrient requirements increase. - Nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life. - Men & women differ in their nutrient requirements. Explanation: The nurse found that during pregnancy and lactation, nutrient requirements increase. The nurse would also note that nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life. The nurse would find that men and women differ in their nutrient requirements. Trauma, surgery, and burns increase nutrient requirements. The BMR decreases with each decade in adulthood. The caloric needs of the older adult decrease, not increase.

Major Nursing Considerations for TPN(total parenteral nutrition)

1) Accucheck - This is ordered even if patient isn't diabetic as TPN solution is so Hypotonic. 2) Blood Sugar Monitoring - Want to ensure patient's blood sugar doesn't drop.(Hypoglycemia)

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which does the nurse identify as highest risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome?

36-year old with obesity who smokes

A nurse administers a continuous tube feeding via an NG tube. The nurse must check for residual every:

4 to 6 hours. Explanation: Check for residual before each feeding or every 4 to 6 hours during a continuous feeding, according to institutional policy. This is implemented to identify delayed gastric emptying. Research suggests continuing the feedings with residuals up to 400 mL. If greater than 400 mL, the nurse should confer with the physician or hold feedings according to agency policy.

The nurse calculates the intake of a client who received a bolus tube feeding of 250 ml. The nurse administered 60 ml of water prior to the feeding & 60 ml of water after the feeding. The nurse administered crushed medications in 45 ml of water. Calculate the amount of fluid, in milliliters, the client received. Record your answer using a whole number.

415 Explanation: The nurse calculates fluid intake for a client who receives tube feedings to ensure adequate hydration and to avoid too much fluid at one time. 60 ml of water + 250 ml of tube feeding + 60 ml of water + 45 ml of crushed medications in water = 415 ml

A nurse is caring for a client who has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which liquid can be included in the client's diet?

A clear liquid diet is composed only of clear fluids or foods that become fluid at body temperature. This includes clear broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices (apple, cranberry, grape), gelatin, popsicles, and commercially prepared clear liquid supplements.

The nurse prepares to provide gastrostomy insertion site care. The gastrostomy tube was placed this week. The client reports pain at the site. Which action does the nurse take next?

Administer pain medication.

The nurse is caring for a client who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube inserted earlier in the day. The sutures are still in place. Which interventions should the nurse plan to perform? Select all that apply.

Administer prescribed analgesics, as needed. Gently clean around the insertion site using a cotton-tipped applicator dipped in sterile saline. Measure the length of exposed tube & compare it with the length documented after insertion. Avoid placing tension on the feeding tube.

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

Adulthood

When planning interventions in the immediate hours after birth the nurse recognizes the need to provide an injection of which vitamin (to manage a lack of it), due to lack of bacteria in the intestinal tract?

Approximately half of the body's requirement of vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the lower intestinal tract.

A nurse delivers a tray of food to an older adult client and sets it on the overbed table. The client shows no interest in the food, however. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply

Ask why the client does not want to eat anything on the tray. Assess the client for signs of depression. Consult a dietitian if the problem persists.

A nurse enters a client's room to perform a tube feeding. Which nursing action should be performed first?

Aspirate stomach contents and check pH.

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?

Assess when client generally eats meals. Explanation: There are many reasons a client may refuse food that is served. The nurse should assess for food preferences, when the client generally eats, whether the client has digestive concerns, and cultural beliefs about foods. Leaving the client alone to eat, or simply delegating feeding, does not encourage intake. The client does not need an appetite stimulant until a full assessment has been conducted and other interventions have been implemented.

The nurse is providing education about nutrition and feeding to the parent of a toddler. Which statement by the child's parent indicates understanding of the education?

Boiled eggs and pieces of cheese are good snacks for my child."

A nurse who is planning a diet for a client who has anorexia chooses nutrients that supply energy to the body. Which nutrients are these? Select all that apply

Carbohydrates Protein Lipids

A nurse who is planning a diet for a client who has anorexia chooses nutrients that supply energy to the body. Which nutrients are these? Select all that apply. Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates Protein Water Lipids

Carbohydrates Protein Lipids Explanation: Carbohydrates, protein, and lipids (fats) are the nutrients that supply energy. Vitamins, minerals, & water do not supply energy, but are necessary for balanced nutrition

A nurse is teaching an adolescent client about nutrition following a hospital admission. What should the nurse understand about adolescent nutrition?

Childhood nutrition problems may worsen during adolescence. Explanation: Adolescents may have childhood nutrition problems worsen during this period. During puberty, nutritional needs increase to support growth. Adolescents tend to eat away from home in fast-food places, leading to poor nutrition practices. Another characteristic of adolescence is eating quickly, therefore leading to overeating.

A client is receiving intermittent NG tube feedings using an open system. Which actions should the nurse implement to reduce the client's risk for infection? Select all that apply.

Cleanse the top of the feeding container with alcohol before opening it. Replace the bag and tubing every 24 hours.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been ordered for a client. The nurse is aware that the assessment criteria for ordering TPN is what? Select all that apply.

Client is not able to absorb nutrients properly A debilitating condition for more than 2 weeks Renal or hepatic failure

The nurse is preparing to administer an intermittent feeding to a client who has a feeding tube. The nurse is unable to aspirate gastric contents and realizes that the tube is clogged. Which action is correct?

Connect a syringe filled with warm water to the feeding tube and flush it out using gentle pressure.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which action should the nurse perform with TPN?

Discard unused TPN every 24 hours.

The nurse has assessed 100 mL of gastric residual after completing a tube feeding. What is the appropriate nursing action?

Document the assessment finding. Explanation: Gastric residual should be no more than 100 mL or no more than 20% of the previous hour's tube-feeding volume. This finding is normal and should be documented.

The nurse has assessed 50 mL of gastric residual after completing a tube feeding. What is the appropriate nursing action?

Document the assessment finding. This finding is normal. Gastric residual should be no more than 100 mL or no more than 20% of the previous hour's tube-feeding volume.

A nurse is working with a 46-year-old woman who is working to lose weight. Based on recommendations from the USDA regarding diet modification, which is not appropriate advice for this client?

Drink juice for majority of fluid intake. Explanation: Water should comprise the majority of fluid intake. The remainder should come from food sources such as fruit or 100% fruit juices.

What independent nursing intervention can be implemented to stimulate appetite?

Encourage or provide oral care. Explanation: Administering medications & recommending dietary supplements are useful but are not independent nursing actions. The health care provider would need to prescribe the meds. Assessing signs of malnutrition occurs after malnutrition is recognized.

A client resides in a long-term care facility. Which nursing intervention would promote increased dietary intake?

Encourage the client to eat in the dining room. Explanation: Encouraging the client to eat in the dining room will allow for socialization during meal time. This will have a positive effect on the amount of food consumed and provide enjoyment. Feeding the client in bed encourages isolation from other residents. Allowing the client to eat whenever they want does not support socialization. Discouraging the family is not recommended, as the family can provide support and be assistive to the client and their food needs.

A nurse is managing a client's continuous tube feeding via an NG tube. How often should the nurse check for residual?

Every 4 to 6 hours

A nurse is teaching a client about nutrition. Which facts should the nurse include about fat-soluble vitamins? Select all that apply.

Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. Fat-soluble vitamins must be attached to a protein for transport in the blood. Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins can occur with malabsorption syndromes.

A nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility. The nurse is reviewing the laboratory data for this client. The nurse should notify the primary care provider if which laboratory result is observed?

Hematocrit 35% (Normal 40%-50%.) BUN - 7 to 20 The normal value for hemoglobin is 12-18 mg/dL. The normal value for transferrin is 240-480 mg/dL. The normal blood urea nitrogen is 17-18 mg/dL.

Correct steps for removal of a nasogastric tube. Place the steps in order.

Identify the client. Raise bed to 30 to 45 degrees. Put on nonsterile gloves. Discontinue suction. Remove tube while client holds breath.

A nurse is delivering meal trays to clients on the unit. One client has a fractured dominant arm which is in a sling. What is the first nursing action when bringing the tray into the client's room?

Identify the name of the client. Explanation: When serving meal trays, the nurse first identifies the name of the client to ensure the client receives the correct meal tray. The nurse will then assist this client, who has limited mobility of the arm, in preparing the food by removing lids from the food items, opening cartons of fluids, and cutting food into bite-sized pieces.

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube?

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume & pH & flush the tube with water.

Which is an appropriate intervention when unexpected situations occur during the administration of a tube feeding?

If the tube becomes clogged when aspirating contents, use warm water and gentle pressure to remove the clog. Explanation: Warm water and gentle pressure, not a stylet, should be used to unclog a tube. If a large amount of residue is accidentally aspirated, the physician should be notified. If the client is nauseated, the head of the bed should remain elevated and an antiemetic administered as prescribed. The tube should be in the stomach, not the esophagus.

A client has been on a clear liquid diet for 5 days. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements

What is the route of administration for PN?

Intravenous Explanation: PN meets the client's nutritional needs by way of nutrient-filled solutions administered intravenously through a central venous access device, such as a tunneled, multilumen, or nontunneled catheter into the subclavian vein or a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Subcutaneous and intramuscular are routes of injections. Oral nutrition is by mouth.

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

Low serum albumin levels

Which liquids are considered part of a full-liquid diet

Low-fat milk, fruit juices or soup, and juices with fruit pulp (orange and grapefruit)

What should the nurse consider when teaching a man with well-defined muscle mass about meal planning?

Men have a higher need for proteins. Explanation: Due to the higher percentage in muscle mass in men, they have a higher need for proteins in their diet. Men do not have a higher or lower need for carbohydrates, minerals, or vitamins.

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her 6-month-old infant. What does the nurse inform the mother?

New foods should be introduced one at a time for 5 to 7 days.

A 45-year-old client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with the morning labs and the result is 99.10 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L). How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?

Normal blood glucose is 80 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 7 mmol/L).

A nurse is feeding a client. Which action will the nurse take?

Offer options of foods and for the order to be eaten. Explanation: The loss of independence that comes with the inability to self-feed can be a severe blow to a person's self-esteem. Asking the client's preference regarding the order of items eaten can help maintain dignity while being fed. The nurse should be prepared to spend as much time with the client to assist with the entire meal to support self-worth for the client. Telling a client what the nurse will do does not promote self-esteem but identifies the nurse wanting to control the feeding. Although the meal can get messy, the nurse should never use the term "bib" but let the client know a clothing protector will be used.

A client has just had abdominal surgery, and the nurse is consulting with him about his diet now that he is allowed to eat. Which nutrient is most important for wound healing?

Protein

The nurse is using a large syringe to administer an intermittent feeding to a client who has a nasogastric feeding tube. Which method should the nurse use to increase the flow rate of the formula?

Raise the height of the syringe.

Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN

Serum albumin Assessment of serum albumin level is the best indicator of a client in need of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Clients whose levels are 2.5 g/dL (25 g/L) or less are at severe risk for malnutrition. Creatinine is used to assess kidney function. Hemoglobin & hematocrit assess the red blood cells of a client.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a malabsorption disease. The nurse should understand that which structure in the gastrointestinal system absorbs the majority of digested food and minerals?

Small intestine

The nurse is caring for a client receiving continuous tube feeding via a nasogastric tube. The client is slumped down in the bed with feet touching the footboard. Which action should the nurse take first before pulling the client up in bed?

Stop the enteral feeding pump.

A client is receiving continuous tube feeding via a nasogastric (NG) tube. What should the nurse use to determine that the NG is in correct placement? Select all that apply.

Stop tube feedings for 1 hour after medication before testing the pH of the gastric fluid. Visually assess aspirate that differs from the color/consistency of the tube feeding. Measure the exposed length of feeding tube & compare to the baseline.

A nurse observes that a client coughs & chokes when eating. What instructions should the nurse prepare for this client?

Tell the client to chew his food thoroughly. Explanation: The nurse should suggest that the client chew the food thoroughly & encourage repeated swallowing attempts. Preparing a liquid diet or restricting milk & beverages is not a solution for preventing choking during meals.

The nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory report. The report indicates the client's albumin level is 2.89 g/L (4.19 mmol/L). Which inference can the nurse make about the laboratory result?

The client has malnutrition

During a general survey, the nurse documents the waist circumference of an overweight female client as 43 in (109 cm). Which teaching should the nurse include about the risks associated with this waist circumference?

The client is at risk for diabetes. Explanation: A waist > 42" (106 cm) in women or 47" (119 cm) in men is at higher risk for heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, & dyslipidemia. Large waists increase the risk of certain cancers. Arthritis, osteoporosis, & Crohn disease have no correlation to waist size.

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite?

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive & sufficiently warm. Hospital food is unattractive. Making it appealing & at a proper temperature stimulates the client's appetite. Meals should be small & more frequent. Supplements do not increase the client's appetite.

The client reports to the nurse that she feels as if her eyes are persistently dry. This symptom is consistent with a deficiency in which dietary element?

Vitamin A

A client who has bleeding tendencies has a deficiency in which vitamin?

Vitamin K

A client is prescribed warfarin, an anticoagulant. When educating this client about potential diet & drug interactions, the nurse would caution the client about foods containing which nutrient?

Vitamin K Explanation: Specific foods may interact with medications, altering the effectiveness of the drug. Vegetables high in vitamin K decrease the effectiveness of the commonly used anticoagulant warfarin. Calcium, potassium, and Vitamin C do not interact with warfarin.

What is the most reliable method for verifying the correct placement of a nasogastric tube?

a radiographic exam that can confirm position

The nurse is teaching four clients in a community health center. Which client does the nurse identify as needing more servings per day of milk?

adolescent who is in the second trimester of pregnancy Explanation: Children, adolescents, pregnant women, & breast-feeding mothers require more servings per day of certain food groups, particularly the milk group. Therefore, the adolescent who is pregnant will require more milk servings. The other clients do not require more servings of milk.

The nurse maintains the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for a client who is receiving continuous tube feedings in order to prevent:

aspiration

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which foods will the nurse identify as containing dietary protein? Select all that apply. a)beans b)nuts c)poultry d)butter e)fish

beans nuts poultry fish Explanation: Dietary proteins are obtained from animal & plant food sources, which include milk, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, soy, legumes (peas, beans, & peanuts), nuts, & grains. Butter is a fat & not a source of protein.

After reviewing the client's chart, the nurse notes that the client has been ordered a clear liquid diet. Which meal tray would the client be allowed to eat?

bouillon, tea, apple juice, & gelatin

When teaching a client, which laboratory tests will the nurse identify that assess cardiac and vascular disease risk? Select all that apply.

cholesterol level lipoprotein level triglyceride level

The nurse should begin the process of removing a client's nasogastric (NG) tube by:

confirming the physician's order to remove the tube. Explanation: Prior to beginning the process of removing a client's NG tube, it is important to confirm that the relevant order has been written.

The nurse is teaching a client to reduce sodium in the diet. Which foods will the nurse recommend that the client avoid? Select all that apply. a) cured ham b) table salt c) egg yolks d) whole wheat pasta e) whole milk f) bacon

cured ham table salt bacon Sodium is found in higher concentrations in table salt, bacon, & processed meats. The other choices do not have a high concentration of sodium.

A woman consumes pasta, grains, and other carbohydrates for which purpose?

energy

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse will assess for complications related to:

fluid & electrolyte levels.

The nurse is preparing to educate a pregnant client who is in the clinic for the first prenatal appointment. Which vitamins or minerals will the nurse include in the teaching to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus?

folic acid Explanation: Folic acid has significantly decreased the number of children born with neural tube defects. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, helps with wound healing. Vitamin E helps maintain strong immunity, healthy eyes, & skin. Vitamin D helps prevent osteoporosis by keeping bones strong

The nurse is preparing to assess a client who has been ordered to have a nasogastric tube inserted STAT. Which aspect(s) of an assessment should the nurse prioritize? Select all that apply. a) level of consciousness b) report of nausea c) ability to cough d) last time ate or drank anything e) any food allergies

level of consciousness report of nausea ability to cough Explanation: A focused assessment should include the level of consciousness, weight, bowel sounds, abdominal distention, integrity of nasal and oral mucosa, ability to swallow, cough & gag, & any nausea or vomiting. The last time the client ate and food allergies would not be a focus before inserting the tube, but would be important for a comprehensive assessment after the tube insertion, especially if it is an emergency situation.

A client has developed an abscess after abdominal surgery, & the client's food intake has decreased over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support?

low prealbumin levels Explanation: Prealbumin levels are a good indicator of a client's short-term nutritional status; decreased levels are suggestive of malnutrition. Protein in the client's urine, low blood sugars, & increased white blood cells are not necessarily indicative of malnutrition. Proteinuria is urine having an abnormal amount of protein. The condition is a sign of kidney disease. Random blood sugar can be affected by food intake. White blood cells are indicative of infection.

A client has a gastrostomy tube in place for intermittent tube feedings. What action should the nurse take prior to administering a tube feeding to ensure that the tube has not migrated?

mark the length of tube and assess if it at the level of the abdomen

A client with protein deficiency is encouraged to eat a protein-rich snack. The client requests a peanut butter sandwich. What other food can the nurse provide that will provide the client with complete protein?

milk

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend?

milk Explanation: Milk contains vitamin D, which helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorous. The other choices do not.

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

negative nitrogen balance.

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height & weight & calculates a BMI of 28. How would the nurse best classify James?

overweight Explanation: A body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight.

A nurse calculates the BMI of a client during a general survey as 26. Under which category would this client fall?

overweight Explanation: This client has a BMI of 26, which falls in the category of overweight: 25.0 to 29.9. The other BMI values are: underweight, <18.5; normal, 18.5 to 24.9; obesity class I, 30.0 to 34.9; obesity class II, 35.0 to 39.9; and extreme obesity, 40.0+.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in?

overweight BMI below 18.5 = underweight. BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 = healthy. BMI of 25 to 29.9 = overweight; BMI of 30 or greater = obese. BMI greater than 40 = extreme obesity.

A hospitalized client has been NPO. with only I.V fluid intake for a prolonged period. What assessments might indicate protein-calorie malnutrition?

poor wound healing, apathy, edema Stress of illness, surgery, long periods on I.V without oral intake: risk of protein-calorie malnutrition causing weakness, poor wound healing, mental apathy, & edema. Infection: Fever, joint pain, & dehydration Fluid overload: weight gain & increased output.

Which client(s), at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? Select all that apply.

pregnant teenagers people with substance use problems older adults living on fixed incomes

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group on healthy nutrition using information from the USDA's website, ChooseMyPlate.gov. Which recommendation would the nurse be least likely to include?

switching to whole milk Explanation: According to the ChooseMyPlate.gov food guide, individuals should switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk, monitor portion sizes, drink water instead of sugary drinks, and make one-half the plate for fruits and vegetables.

The nurse is teaching four clients in a community health center. Which client does the nurse identify as needing more servings per day of milk?

teenager who is in the second trimester of pregnancy

Which nutrient does the nurse identify as appropriate for a client with a normal dietary order who is consuming 2000 calories daily?

total fat less than 65 g saturated fat should be less than 20 g; cholesterol should be less than 300 mg; & sodium should be less than 2400 mg.

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin?

vitamin B12

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

vitamin B12

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect?

vitamin D

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin E

The nurse is preparing to administer a client's tube feeding. How should the nurse position the client prior to beginning the infusion?

with the head of the bed at least 30 to 45 degrees Explanation: Tube feedings should be administered with the head of the client's bed at least 30 to 45 degrees, or as near to normal eating position as possible. Side-lying, low-lying, & supine pose risk of aspiration.