Prin. of Biology II Lecture Exam

the interactions between living organisms and their environments

"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________. interactions between predator and prey populations the relationships between parasites and their hosts plant succession the interactions between living organisms and their environments

savanna

A biome characterized by warm, fairly dry climate that primarily contains grasses with scattered, isolated trees is a ________. chaparral savanna temperate grasslands tundra

the spacing of organism throughout a habitat

A dispersion pattern refers to ________. the spacing of organism throughout a habitat the diversity of species found in a habitat the density of organisms in a habitat the extinction rates of a species

physiological

A person may feel the need to wear a heavy jacket in the fall when the temperature first drops into the 50s. That same person may be wearing short sleeves when the temperature rises into the 50s by the end of the winter. This gradual acclimation to cold weather is a(n) ________ response to changing environmental conditions. anatomical physiological behavioral

independent

A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs would be categorized as a density- ________ limiting factor. autonomous reliant dependent independent

secondary consumer

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a ________. producer primary consumer secondary consumer detritivore

Solar energy

All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet? Geothermal energy Potential energy Wind energy Solar energy

Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis

All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem? Elemental carbon taken in by plant leaves Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis Atmospheric CO2 taken in by soil bacteria Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots

Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria

All living things need nitrogen. How does nitrogen enter the living portion of an ecosystem? Elemental nitrogen taken in by plant leaves Elemental nitrogen taken in by plant roots Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria Atmospheric N2 taken in by photosynthesis

have mammary glands

All mammals ________. have mammary glands are ectothermic give birth to live young are nocturnal

a skull

All vertebrates have ________. scales hair a skull four limbs

All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait? All of these are distinctive amphibian traits. Respiration occurs through the skin. Juveniles have gills, adults have lungs. Skin is smooth with no scales, feathers, or hair.

a developing nation

An age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top would be indicative of ________. a population with a high average age a population with a low death rate in the pre-childbearing years of life a developing nation an industrialized nation

living and nonliving things

An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area. abiotic factors plants and climate plants and animals living and nonliving things

cannot make by itself

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. cannot store needs to grow cannot make by itself needs to function

All of these

At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured? The diversity of species in an community All of these The diversity of genes in a population The diversity of ecosystems on the planet

They only carry blood away from the heart.

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. They only carry deoxygenated blood. They only carry blood away from the heart. They only carry oxygenated blood. They only carry blood back to the heart.

Stinging cells

Cnidarians are named for their cnidocytes, a feature unique to the group. What are cnidocytes? Nerve fibers Tentacles Stinging cells Bells

Skin

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue? Blood Skin Fat Bone

hypothesis-driven

Counting the number of turtle nests along a beach to determine if a recent oil spill had affected the local population is an example of ________ science. pure hypothesis-driven discovery comparative

annelids

Flatworms are most closely related to the ________. annelids cnidarians arthropods echinoderms

Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis

From production through ejaculation, which is the correct pathway for a sperm cell? Testis → Vas Deferens → Epididymis → Prostate Gland → Seminal Vesicles → Penis Testis → Epididymis → Seminal Vesicles → Vas Deferens → Prostate Gland → Penis Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis Testis → Prostate Gland → Seminal Vesicles → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Penis

snails and slugs

Gastropods include the ________. clams and oystersr snails and slugs scallops and nautiluses squid and octopi

virus

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________. virus bacteria protist fungus

With an air-filled swim bladder

How do bony fish regulate buoyancy? With an air-filled swim bladder By constantly swimming at an upwards angle With a large, oil-filled liver Through the calcium in the bones, which makes the skeleton lighter than the water

They filter it from the seawater.

How do sponges acquire their nourishment? They catch it with tentacles. They filter it from the seawater. They acquire it through photosynthesis. They synthesize it from chemicals in the water.

Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight.

How do the muscles in your arm extend your arm outward? The muscles in your arm relax and the tendons pull the arm straight. The top half of your bicep wraps around underneath the elbow like a rope over a pulley. When it contracts, the arm is pulled out straight. Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight. The muscles in your arm push on the bones causing your arm to extend.

By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface

How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures? By decreasing the ozone layer in the atmosphere By increasing the amount of heat from the sun that reaches the planet's surface By reacting with each other By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface

Upon exposure to a foreign antigen

How is an adaptive defense initially primed? Antibodies bind to surface markers of a foreign cell Complement proteins identify a cell as foreign By way of the clonal selection of effector cells Upon exposure to a foreign antigen

Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.

How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it? A conformational change caused by low pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it. Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient. Oxygen is displaced by carbon dioxide in the body. A conformational change caused by high pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it.

0

How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals? 1 3 2 0

Wetlands reduce flooding.

How might the removal of a wetland affect a nearby city? Wetlands reduce flooding. Wetlands support a rich supply of nutrients. Wetlands cause flooding. Wetlands reduce water quality.

The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before.

Human birth rate peaked in the 1980s and has been slowly declining ever since. How is this expected to affect our population size over the next several decades? The human population size will level off. The human population size will begin to decline. The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before. The human population size will continue to increase at the same rate it has for the past 100 years.

Eutherians

Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals? Cetaceans Eutherians Marsupials Monotremes

Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. Distribution of hormones to the body Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells Filter out cellular wastes from the blood

Superior vena cava

Identify which blood vessel drains blood from the head and shoulder region back to the heart. Inferior aorta Inferior vena cava Superior aorta Superior vena cava

homeostasis

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. homeostasis biofeedback heterostasis bioregulation

The mantle

Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell? The radula The foot The visceral mass The mantle

9

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla? 5 35 100 9

small intestine

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. esophagus small intestine large intestine stomach

Chaparral

Of the biomes listed, which is best adapted to seasonal fires? Broadleaf forests Coniferous forests Chaparral Tundra

different types of tissues

Organs are made up of a collection of ________. the same type of tissues different types of cells different types of tissues the same type of cells

producer

Phytoplankton is an example of a(n) ________. producer herbivore decomposer consumer

negative

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called ________ feedback. simple negative holistic positive

Vitamin C

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient? Calcium Omega-3 fatty acid Vitamin C Vitamin D

Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart. Body → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Lungs → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Body Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body Body → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Body Body → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Body

Hemoglobin

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process. Platelets Hemoglobin Fibrin All of these are involved in the clotting process.

Annelids

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum? Roundworms Annelids Segmentation is not a defining characteristic of any of the worm phyla. Flatworms

complete

Some organisms are described as having a ________ digestive tract that includes a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. complete comprehensive segmented systemic

Mechanoreceptors

Sound is "heard" when sound waves cause structures inside your ears to physically vibrate. A signal is then sent to your brain where it is interpreted as sound. What type of receptors in the ear are responsible for the sense of hearing? Electromagnetic receptors Thermoreceptors Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors

species richness is high and relative abundance is evenly distributed

Species diversity is highest when ________. species richness is high and relative abundance is evenly distributed species richness is low and relative abundance is unevenly distributed species richness is low and relative abundance is evenly distributed species richness is high and relative abundance is unevenly distributed

mostly in seawater

Sponges are found ________. only in fresh water mostly in seawater only in seawater mostly in fresh water

the plants that live there

Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________. the plants that live there the animals that live there the altitude the longitude

primary

The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of ________ succession. secondary ecological opportunistic primary

chordates

The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________. arthropods chordates flatworms mollusks

an ecosystem ecologist

The processes of chemical cycling would be studied mainly by ________. a population ecologist a community ecologist an environmentalist an ecosystem ecologist

lungs

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the ________. lungs brain heart liver

pentaradial

The radial symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________. biradial pentaradial triradial quadriradial

ovulation

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________. oogenesis gametogenesis menstruation ovulation

sustainable development

The responsible management (use and conservation) of the earth's resources indefinitely using science-driven policies and practices is called ________. the maximum sustainable yield landscape ecology sustainable development an environmental conservation trust

central

The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. central somatic autonomic peripheral

magnification

The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________. remediation concentration magnification mitigation

Alveoli

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? Trachea Alveoli Pharynx Bronchioles

integrated pest management

The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological, chemical, and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________. multilevel systems approach none of these integrated pest management intermediate species control

mutualism

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-rhino relationship is an example of ________. mutualism commensalism predator-prey parasitism

predator-prey

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-tick relationship is an example of ________. parasitism commensalism mutualism predator-prey

parasitism

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________. parasitism mutualism predator-prey commensalism

Hypothalamus

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? Pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid Pancreas

No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.

There are several limbless amphibians and reptiles. Did these limbless creatures evolve from a common limbless ancestor? No, the trait arose independently in several lineages before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.

Man's direct activities

There have been several mass extinctions in the planet's history, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs, but the current mass extinction is different. Greater numbers of species are now going extinct faster than ever before. Also unique to the current mass extinction is the cause. What is causing the current mass extinction? Climate change Man's direct activities Solar flares Rising sea levels

Anthropoid apes

To which group do orangutans belong? Nonanthropoid apes Anthropoid apes Old World monkeys New World monkeys

In the cell's cytoplasm or the nucleus

To which region of a cell does a fat soluble hormone bind to its receptor? Fat soluble hormones do not have receptors. On the interior surface of a cell's plasma membrane On the exterior surface of a cell's plasma membrane In the cell's cytoplasm or the nucleus

bioremediation

Using sunflower plants to naturally remove heavy toxins from contaminated soil is an example of ________. the green revolution land conservancy biomagnification bioremediation

Water vascular system

What acts as both a circulatory system for gas exchange and a hydraulic system for movement in the echinoderms? Hydrostatic skeleton Water vascular system Visceral mass Endoskeleton

Both of these

What can a population's age pyramid tell you about current and future needs? How many workers will be needed to support retirees Neither of these How many schools to build or to close down Both of these

Neurotransmitter

What carries a signal from one neuron to the next? Myelin Neurotransmitter Synapse Dendrite

A threatened species

What category describes a species that, while not presently at risk of extinction, could likely be at risk of extinction in the near future? A species of concern A threatened species An endemic species An endangered species

A bacterial infection

What causes a stomach ulcer? Consuming too many calories A bacterial infection Lack of a key nutrient Chronic consumption of spicy food

Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.

What defines radial symmetry? Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. Only five planes of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. No planes of symmetry exist; the organism cannot be split into equal halves. Only one plane of symmetry splits the organism into equal halves.

A lateral line system

What do sharks have in common with goldfish? Opercula Electrosensors A lateral line system A cartilaginous skeleton

All are made of keratin.

What do snake scales, dog fur, and eagle feathers all have in common? All grow for the life of the organism without being shed. All are related to fish scales (they share a most recent common ancestor that had fish scales). All are made of keratin. They do not have anything in common other than they grow out of the skin.

None of these

What do sponges and cnidarians have in common? Mobility Symmetry Organization of cells into tissues None of these

Live in trees

What do the nonanthropoid primates have in common? Live in trees All are traits common to the nonanthropoid primates. Grasping tails Nocturnal

Lives on land, four limbs

What does the expression "terrestrial tetrapod" mean? Lives in the water, four limbs (including flippers or fins) Lives on land, four limbs Lives on land, four sets of chromosomes Lives on land, four cranial nerves

There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.

What happened during the Cambrian explosion? There was a large asteroid impact. There was a rapid diversification of animal forms. Animals first evolved from single-celled organisms. Many large volcanoes erupted.

Allergy

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? Diabetes Allergy Arthritis SCID

New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not.

What is the difference between an Old World monkey and a New World monkey? New World monkeys live in large social groups; Old World monkeys are solitary or live in small groups. New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not. Old World monkeys have opposable thumbs; New World monkeys do not. Old World monkeys live in trees; New World monkeys live on the ground.

Protects the gills

What is the function of a fish's operculum? Detects movements in the surrounding water Detects biofields in the immediate vicinity Protects the gills Provides buoyancy

Inflammatory response

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? Inflammatory response Compliment response Innate response Lymphatic response

Exponential

What is the name of the theoretical maximum rate of population growth? Logistic Speculative Exponential Factorial

Ureters

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? Urethras Nephrons Fallopian tubes Ureters

Initiates the contraction of the heart

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node? Supplies the heart muscle with oxygen Opens and closes the heart valves Increases or decreases blood pressure Initiates the contraction of the heart

To remove waste products from the bloodstream

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream To remove waste products from the bloodstream To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock To keep the airways open so one can breathe

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

What is the role of the epiglottis? Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system Produces vocal sounds Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Covers exposed body surfaces

What is the role of the epithelium? Contracts to create body movement Transmits electrical signals throughout the body Covers exposed body surfaces Provides the padding between the joints

Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus

What is the role of the placenta? Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus Is used as a food source by the developing fetus Protects the developing fetus from injury To nourish the developing child after it is born

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the role of the villi? To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract To secrete water into the digestive tract To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract To move food along the digestive tract

Biodiversity hot spot

What is the term used to describe relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of species found there and nowhere else, including many species in high risk of extinction? These areas receive the focus of global conservation efforts. Biodiversity hot spot Protective conservation zone Natural wildlife reserve Protective wilderness refuge

Peristaltic muscle contractions

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? Peristaltic muscle contractions Undulatory muscle contractions Gravity Pressure difference between zones

Immunodeficiency

What type of disorder is AIDS? Immunodeficiency Allergic reaction Autoimmune disease Immune rejection

Keystone species

What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community? Keystone species Indicator species Flagship species Endemic species

You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.

What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal? You could still feel something touching your fingers and still be able to move them. You could not move your fingers or feel something touching them. You could feel something touch your fingers but you could not move them. You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.

From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth

When is an unborn child called a fetus? From cleavage to birth From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth From conception through birth From cleavage to the 9th week of pregnancy

Oviduct

Where does the fertilization of the egg occur? Uterus Oviduct Cervix Ovary

Deep oceans

Where is the majority of Earth's biomass produced? Tropical rainforests Coastlines, bays, and estuaries Deep oceans Temperate forests

In the oceanic photic zone

Where would a coral reef most likely be found? In an estuary In the deep sea In the oceanic photic zone In the oceanic benthic realm below the continental shelf

Pancreas

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas

Capillaries

Which are the thinnest blood vessels? Venules Arterioles Capillaries Bronchioles

None of these

Which arthropod subgroup includes the centipedes? Crustaceans None of these Insects Arachnids

Arachnids

Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders? Crustaceans None of these Arachnids Insects

All of these

Which arthropod subgroup includes those with an exoskeleton of chitin? Crustaceans Insects Arachnids All of these

Polyp

Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile? Jelly Fish Medusa Polyp

Jaw

Which chordate trait evolved first? Amniotic egg Jaw Skeleton hardened with calcium Four limbs

Type 1

Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin? Type 4 Type 2 Type 3 Type 1

Roundworms

Which group of animals is most closely related to the arthropods? Annelids Roundworms Echinoderms Mollusks

Jawless fishes

Which group of fishes evolved first? Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Ray-finned fishes Lobe-finned fishes

Lobe-finned fishes

Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians? Lobe-finned fishes Ray-finned fishes Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes

Logistic

Which growth model would you expect to see in a stable population? Exponential Speculative Factorial Logistic

Lamprey

Which is most closely related to the hagfish? Lancelet Shark Eel Lamprey

To produce and store all of the immune system cells

Which is not a function of the circulatory system? To produce and store all of the immune system cells To distribute heat throughout the body To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body

Keratin

Which is not a major protein found in muscles? Keratin All are major proteins found in muscles. Actin Myosin

All are primates.

Which is not a primate? Lemurs Apes All are primates. Monkeys

Salamander

Which is not a reptile? Bird Iguana All are reptiles. Salamander

CO2

Which is the dominant greenhouse gas leading to global warming? NO2 CO2 H2O CH4

Vaccine

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? Vaccine Antibiotic Anti-inflammatory Diuretic

Leukocytes

Which of the following blood cells fights infections? Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Leukocytes Hemocytes

A plant growing toward a light source and a plant growing in the direction of wind

Which of the following examples of adaptation fall into the same category of either anatomical, behavioral, or physiological response to environmental conditions? A plant growing toward a light source and a plant growing in the direction of wind A lizard basking on a warm rock on a cold day and you internally raising your body temperature when you are cold Putting on a jacket in the winter and growing a thick coat of fur in the winter Birds flying south in the winter and you shivering on a cold day

An intrauterine device

Which of the following forms of contraception is removable? None of these An intrauterine device A tubal ligation A vasectomy

Chimpanzees

Which of the following is human's closest living relative? Gibbons Chimpanzees Baboons Gorillas

Bacteria

Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor? Energy Bacteria Nutrients Temperature

Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.

Which of the following statements about bones is false? Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Arthritis occurs when the cartilage between bones wears down. Bones are living organs with multiple tissue types and multiple cell types

Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and in the stomach.

Which of the following statements is true? Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth; chemical digestion, but not mechanical digestion, occurs in the stomach. Mechanical digestion only occurs in the mouth; chemical digestion only occurs in the stomach. Mechanical digestion only occurs in the stomach; chemical digestion only occurs in the mouth.

Backbone

Which of the following unique characteristics is found in many chordates, but not all, at some point in their development? Pharyngeal slits Backbone Dorsal nerve chord Post anal tail

Heterotrophic

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants? Autotrophic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Heterotrophic

Cerebral cortex

Which part of the brain produces our most distinctly human traits, such as reasoning and imagination? Corpus callosum Medulla oblongata Cerebral cortex Cerebellum

Annelids

Which phylum of worms includes the leeches? None of these Flatworms Roundworms Annelids

Cones

Which receptors in the eye are sensitive to color? Sclera Cones Rods Cornea

Birds

Which reptiles are endothermic? Turtles Birds Snakes Crocodilians

Marsupials

Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches? Monotremes Marsupials Cetaceans Eutherians

Competitive exclusion principle

Which theorem states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist? Complex community network principle Competitive exclusion principle Resource partitioning principle Dominance species principle

B cells

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? B cells T cells Natural killer cells Phagocytic cells

Brought on by an invasive species

While there are many varieties of banana, only the Cavendish is suitable for mass production and worldwide trade. It is currently being decimated by a soil fungus in Asia. If the banana fungus should reach the Americas before a treatment is discovered, it could spell the end of bananas in North American supermarkets. If that were to happen, how would the extinction of the Cavendish banana be categorized? Brought on by habitat destruction Brought on by an invasive species Brought on by pollution Brought on by overharvesting

Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.

Why can't amphibians survive far from water? Their cartilaginous endoskeleton would dry out on land. Their limbs are too weak to support their weight on land. They do not have any lungs and cannot breathe out of the water. Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.

It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.

Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome? It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes. It is intermediate in size, smaller than the largest biomes but larger than the smallest biomes. It is only a biome during high tide. It will seasonally dry up and cease to be a biome.

Physiology

________ refers to how a body system functions. Anatomy Zoology Physiology Biology