Prin. of Biology II Lecture Exam
the interactions between living organisms and their environments
"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________. interactions between predator and prey populations the relationships between parasites and their hosts plant succession the interactions between living organisms and their environments
savanna
A biome characterized by warm, fairly dry climate that primarily contains grasses with scattered, isolated trees is a ________. chaparral savanna temperate grasslands tundra
the spacing of organism throughout a habitat
A dispersion pattern refers to ________. the spacing of organism throughout a habitat the diversity of species found in a habitat the density of organisms in a habitat the extinction rates of a species
physiological
A person may feel the need to wear a heavy jacket in the fall when the temperature first drops into the 50s. That same person may be wearing short sleeves when the temperature rises into the 50s by the end of the winter. This gradual acclimation to cold weather is a(n) ________ response to changing environmental conditions. anatomical physiological behavioral
independent
A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs would be categorized as a density- ________ limiting factor. autonomous reliant dependent independent
secondary consumer
A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The wolf is a ________. producer primary consumer secondary consumer detritivore
Solar energy
All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet? Geothermal energy Potential energy Wind energy Solar energy
Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis
All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem? Elemental carbon taken in by plant leaves Atmospheric CO2 taken in by photosynthesis Atmospheric CO2 taken in by soil bacteria Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots
Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria
All living things need nitrogen. How does nitrogen enter the living portion of an ecosystem? Elemental nitrogen taken in by plant leaves Elemental nitrogen taken in by plant roots Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria Atmospheric N2 taken in by photosynthesis
have mammary glands
All mammals ________. have mammary glands are ectothermic give birth to live young are nocturnal
a skull
All vertebrates have ________. scales hair a skull four limbs
All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.
Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait? All of these are distinctive amphibian traits. Respiration occurs through the skin. Juveniles have gills, adults have lungs. Skin is smooth with no scales, feathers, or hair.
a developing nation
An age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top would be indicative of ________. a population with a high average age a population with a low death rate in the pre-childbearing years of life a developing nation an industrialized nation
living and nonliving things
An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area. abiotic factors plants and climate plants and animals living and nonliving things
cannot make by itself
An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. cannot store needs to grow cannot make by itself needs to function
All of these
At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured? The diversity of species in an community All of these The diversity of genes in a population The diversity of ecosystems on the planet
They only carry blood away from the heart.
Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. They only carry deoxygenated blood. They only carry blood away from the heart. They only carry oxygenated blood. They only carry blood back to the heart.
Stinging cells
Cnidarians are named for their cnidocytes, a feature unique to the group. What are cnidocytes? Nerve fibers Tentacles Stinging cells Bells
Skin
Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue? Blood Skin Fat Bone
hypothesis-driven
Counting the number of turtle nests along a beach to determine if a recent oil spill had affected the local population is an example of ________ science. pure hypothesis-driven discovery comparative
annelids
Flatworms are most closely related to the ________. annelids cnidarians arthropods echinoderms
Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis
From production through ejaculation, which is the correct pathway for a sperm cell? Testis → Vas Deferens → Epididymis → Prostate Gland → Seminal Vesicles → Penis Testis → Epididymis → Seminal Vesicles → Vas Deferens → Prostate Gland → Penis Testis → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Seminal Vesicles → Prostate Gland → Penis Testis → Prostate Gland → Seminal Vesicles → Epididymis → Vas Deferens → Penis
snails and slugs
Gastropods include the ________. clams and oystersr snails and slugs scallops and nautiluses squid and octopi
virus
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________. virus bacteria protist fungus
With an air-filled swim bladder
How do bony fish regulate buoyancy? With an air-filled swim bladder By constantly swimming at an upwards angle With a large, oil-filled liver Through the calcium in the bones, which makes the skeleton lighter than the water
They filter it from the seawater.
How do sponges acquire their nourishment? They catch it with tentacles. They filter it from the seawater. They acquire it through photosynthesis. They synthesize it from chemicals in the water.
Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight.
How do the muscles in your arm extend your arm outward? The muscles in your arm relax and the tendons pull the arm straight. The top half of your bicep wraps around underneath the elbow like a rope over a pulley. When it contracts, the arm is pulled out straight. Some muscles in your arm relax and others contract, pulling the arm straight. The muscles in your arm push on the bones causing your arm to extend.
By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface
How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures? By decreasing the ozone layer in the atmosphere By increasing the amount of heat from the sun that reaches the planet's surface By reacting with each other By preventing some of the heat from escaping the planet's surface
Upon exposure to a foreign antigen
How is an adaptive defense initially primed? Antibodies bind to surface markers of a foreign cell Complement proteins identify a cell as foreign By way of the clonal selection of effector cells Upon exposure to a foreign antigen
Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient.
How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it? A conformational change caused by low pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it. Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient. Oxygen is displaced by carbon dioxide in the body. A conformational change caused by high pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it.
0
How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals? 1 3 2 0
Wetlands reduce flooding.
How might the removal of a wetland affect a nearby city? Wetlands reduce flooding. Wetlands support a rich supply of nutrients. Wetlands cause flooding. Wetlands reduce water quality.
The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before.
Human birth rate peaked in the 1980s and has been slowly declining ever since. How is this expected to affect our population size over the next several decades? The human population size will level off. The human population size will begin to decline. The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before. The human population size will continue to increase at the same rate it has for the past 100 years.
Eutherians
Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals? Cetaceans Eutherians Marsupials Monotremes
Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells
Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. Distribution of hormones to the body Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells Filter out cellular wastes from the blood
Superior vena cava
Identify which blood vessel drains blood from the head and shoulder region back to the heart. Inferior aorta Inferior vena cava Superior aorta Superior vena cava
homeostasis
Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. homeostasis biofeedback heterostasis bioregulation
The mantle
Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell? The radula The foot The visceral mass The mantle
9
Most animals fall into one of how many phyla? 5 35 100 9
small intestine
Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. esophagus small intestine large intestine stomach
Chaparral
Of the biomes listed, which is best adapted to seasonal fires? Broadleaf forests Coniferous forests Chaparral Tundra
different types of tissues
Organs are made up of a collection of ________. the same type of tissues different types of cells different types of tissues the same type of cells
producer
Phytoplankton is an example of a(n) ________. producer herbivore decomposer consumer
negative
Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called ________ feedback. simple negative holistic positive
Vitamin C
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient? Calcium Omega-3 fatty acid Vitamin C Vitamin D
Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body
Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart. Body → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Lungs → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Body Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body Body → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Body Body → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Body
Hemoglobin
Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process. Platelets Hemoglobin Fibrin All of these are involved in the clotting process.
Annelids
Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum? Roundworms Annelids Segmentation is not a defining characteristic of any of the worm phyla. Flatworms
complete
Some organisms are described as having a ________ digestive tract that includes a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. complete comprehensive segmented systemic
Mechanoreceptors
Sound is "heard" when sound waves cause structures inside your ears to physically vibrate. A signal is then sent to your brain where it is interpreted as sound. What type of receptors in the ear are responsible for the sense of hearing? Electromagnetic receptors Thermoreceptors Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors
species richness is high and relative abundance is evenly distributed
Species diversity is highest when ________. species richness is high and relative abundance is evenly distributed species richness is low and relative abundance is unevenly distributed species richness is low and relative abundance is evenly distributed species richness is high and relative abundance is unevenly distributed
mostly in seawater
Sponges are found ________. only in fresh water mostly in seawater only in seawater mostly in fresh water
the plants that live there
Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________. the plants that live there the animals that live there the altitude the longitude
primary
The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of ________ succession. secondary ecological opportunistic primary
chordates
The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________. arthropods chordates flatworms mollusks
an ecosystem ecologist
The processes of chemical cycling would be studied mainly by ________. a population ecologist a community ecologist an environmentalist an ecosystem ecologist
lungs
The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the ________. lungs brain heart liver
pentaradial
The radial symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________. biradial pentaradial triradial quadriradial
ovulation
The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________. oogenesis gametogenesis menstruation ovulation
sustainable development
The responsible management (use and conservation) of the earth's resources indefinitely using science-driven policies and practices is called ________. the maximum sustainable yield landscape ecology sustainable development an environmental conservation trust
central
The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system. central somatic autonomic peripheral
magnification
The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________. remediation concentration magnification mitigation
Alveoli
The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? Trachea Alveoli Pharynx Bronchioles
integrated pest management
The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological, chemical, and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________. multilevel systems approach none of these integrated pest management intermediate species control
mutualism
There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-rhino relationship is an example of ________. mutualism commensalism predator-prey parasitism
predator-prey
There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-tick relationship is an example of ________. parasitism commensalism mutualism predator-prey
parasitism
There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following questions regarding these creatures' relationships. The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________. parasitism mutualism predator-prey commensalism
Hypothalamus
There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? Pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid Pancreas
No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.
There are several limbless amphibians and reptiles. Did these limbless creatures evolve from a common limbless ancestor? No, the trait arose independently in several lineages before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.
Man's direct activities
There have been several mass extinctions in the planet's history, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs, but the current mass extinction is different. Greater numbers of species are now going extinct faster than ever before. Also unique to the current mass extinction is the cause. What is causing the current mass extinction? Climate change Man's direct activities Solar flares Rising sea levels
Anthropoid apes
To which group do orangutans belong? Nonanthropoid apes Anthropoid apes Old World monkeys New World monkeys
In the cell's cytoplasm or the nucleus
To which region of a cell does a fat soluble hormone bind to its receptor? Fat soluble hormones do not have receptors. On the interior surface of a cell's plasma membrane On the exterior surface of a cell's plasma membrane In the cell's cytoplasm or the nucleus
bioremediation
Using sunflower plants to naturally remove heavy toxins from contaminated soil is an example of ________. the green revolution land conservancy biomagnification bioremediation
Water vascular system
What acts as both a circulatory system for gas exchange and a hydraulic system for movement in the echinoderms? Hydrostatic skeleton Water vascular system Visceral mass Endoskeleton
Both of these
What can a population's age pyramid tell you about current and future needs? How many workers will be needed to support retirees Neither of these How many schools to build or to close down Both of these
Neurotransmitter
What carries a signal from one neuron to the next? Myelin Neurotransmitter Synapse Dendrite
A threatened species
What category describes a species that, while not presently at risk of extinction, could likely be at risk of extinction in the near future? A species of concern A threatened species An endemic species An endangered species
A bacterial infection
What causes a stomach ulcer? Consuming too many calories A bacterial infection Lack of a key nutrient Chronic consumption of spicy food
Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.
What defines radial symmetry? Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. Only five planes of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. No planes of symmetry exist; the organism cannot be split into equal halves. Only one plane of symmetry splits the organism into equal halves.
A lateral line system
What do sharks have in common with goldfish? Opercula Electrosensors A lateral line system A cartilaginous skeleton
All are made of keratin.
What do snake scales, dog fur, and eagle feathers all have in common? All grow for the life of the organism without being shed. All are related to fish scales (they share a most recent common ancestor that had fish scales). All are made of keratin. They do not have anything in common other than they grow out of the skin.
None of these
What do sponges and cnidarians have in common? Mobility Symmetry Organization of cells into tissues None of these
Live in trees
What do the nonanthropoid primates have in common? Live in trees All are traits common to the nonanthropoid primates. Grasping tails Nocturnal
Lives on land, four limbs
What does the expression "terrestrial tetrapod" mean? Lives in the water, four limbs (including flippers or fins) Lives on land, four limbs Lives on land, four sets of chromosomes Lives on land, four cranial nerves
There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.
What happened during the Cambrian explosion? There was a large asteroid impact. There was a rapid diversification of animal forms. Animals first evolved from single-celled organisms. Many large volcanoes erupted.
Allergy
What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? Diabetes Allergy Arthritis SCID
New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not.
What is the difference between an Old World monkey and a New World monkey? New World monkeys live in large social groups; Old World monkeys are solitary or live in small groups. New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not. Old World monkeys have opposable thumbs; New World monkeys do not. Old World monkeys live in trees; New World monkeys live on the ground.
Protects the gills
What is the function of a fish's operculum? Detects movements in the surrounding water Detects biofields in the immediate vicinity Protects the gills Provides buoyancy
Inflammatory response
What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? Inflammatory response Compliment response Innate response Lymphatic response
Exponential
What is the name of the theoretical maximum rate of population growth? Logistic Speculative Exponential Factorial
Ureters
What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? Urethras Nephrons Fallopian tubes Ureters
Initiates the contraction of the heart
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node? Supplies the heart muscle with oxygen Opens and closes the heart valves Increases or decreases blood pressure Initiates the contraction of the heart
To remove waste products from the bloodstream
What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream To remove waste products from the bloodstream To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock To keep the airways open so one can breathe
Prevents food from entering the windpipe
What is the role of the epiglottis? Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system Produces vocal sounds Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs Prevents food from entering the windpipe
Covers exposed body surfaces
What is the role of the epithelium? Contracts to create body movement Transmits electrical signals throughout the body Covers exposed body surfaces Provides the padding between the joints
Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus
What is the role of the placenta? Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus Is used as a food source by the developing fetus Protects the developing fetus from injury To nourish the developing child after it is born
To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract
What is the role of the villi? To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract To secrete water into the digestive tract To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract To move food along the digestive tract
Biodiversity hot spot
What is the term used to describe relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of species found there and nowhere else, including many species in high risk of extinction? These areas receive the focus of global conservation efforts. Biodiversity hot spot Protective conservation zone Natural wildlife reserve Protective wilderness refuge
Peristaltic muscle contractions
What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? Peristaltic muscle contractions Undulatory muscle contractions Gravity Pressure difference between zones
Immunodeficiency
What type of disorder is AIDS? Immunodeficiency Allergic reaction Autoimmune disease Immune rejection
Keystone species
What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community? Keystone species Indicator species Flagship species Endemic species
You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.
What would happen if the sensory neurons in your hand could not transmit a signal? You could still feel something touching your fingers and still be able to move them. You could not move your fingers or feel something touching them. You could feel something touch your fingers but you could not move them. You could move your fingers but you could not feel something touch them.
From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth
When is an unborn child called a fetus? From cleavage to birth From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth From conception through birth From cleavage to the 9th week of pregnancy
Oviduct
Where does the fertilization of the egg occur? Uterus Oviduct Cervix Ovary
Deep oceans
Where is the majority of Earth's biomass produced? Tropical rainforests Coastlines, bays, and estuaries Deep oceans Temperate forests
In the oceanic photic zone
Where would a coral reef most likely be found? In an estuary In the deep sea In the oceanic photic zone In the oceanic benthic realm below the continental shelf
Pancreas
Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
Capillaries
Which are the thinnest blood vessels? Venules Arterioles Capillaries Bronchioles
None of these
Which arthropod subgroup includes the centipedes? Crustaceans None of these Insects Arachnids
Arachnids
Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders? Crustaceans None of these Arachnids Insects
All of these
Which arthropod subgroup includes those with an exoskeleton of chitin? Crustaceans Insects Arachnids All of these
Polyp
Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile? Jelly Fish Medusa Polyp
Jaw
Which chordate trait evolved first? Amniotic egg Jaw Skeleton hardened with calcium Four limbs
Type 1
Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin? Type 4 Type 2 Type 3 Type 1
Roundworms
Which group of animals is most closely related to the arthropods? Annelids Roundworms Echinoderms Mollusks
Jawless fishes
Which group of fishes evolved first? Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Ray-finned fishes Lobe-finned fishes
Lobe-finned fishes
Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians? Lobe-finned fishes Ray-finned fishes Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes
Logistic
Which growth model would you expect to see in a stable population? Exponential Speculative Factorial Logistic
Lamprey
Which is most closely related to the hagfish? Lancelet Shark Eel Lamprey
To produce and store all of the immune system cells
Which is not a function of the circulatory system? To produce and store all of the immune system cells To distribute heat throughout the body To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body
Keratin
Which is not a major protein found in muscles? Keratin All are major proteins found in muscles. Actin Myosin
All are primates.
Which is not a primate? Lemurs Apes All are primates. Monkeys
Salamander
Which is not a reptile? Bird Iguana All are reptiles. Salamander
CO2
Which is the dominant greenhouse gas leading to global warming? NO2 CO2 H2O CH4
Vaccine
Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? Vaccine Antibiotic Anti-inflammatory Diuretic
Leukocytes
Which of the following blood cells fights infections? Erythrocytes Thrombocytes Leukocytes Hemocytes
A plant growing toward a light source and a plant growing in the direction of wind
Which of the following examples of adaptation fall into the same category of either anatomical, behavioral, or physiological response to environmental conditions? A plant growing toward a light source and a plant growing in the direction of wind A lizard basking on a warm rock on a cold day and you internally raising your body temperature when you are cold Putting on a jacket in the winter and growing a thick coat of fur in the winter Birds flying south in the winter and you shivering on a cold day
An intrauterine device
Which of the following forms of contraception is removable? None of these An intrauterine device A tubal ligation A vasectomy
Chimpanzees
Which of the following is human's closest living relative? Gibbons Chimpanzees Baboons Gorillas
Bacteria
Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor? Energy Bacteria Nutrients Temperature
Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.
Which of the following statements about bones is false? Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Arthritis occurs when the cartilage between bones wears down. Bones are living organs with multiple tissue types and multiple cell types
Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and in the stomach.
Which of the following statements is true? Mechanical and chemical digestion both occur in the mouth and in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth; chemical digestion, but not mechanical digestion, occurs in the stomach. Mechanical digestion only occurs in the mouth; chemical digestion only occurs in the stomach. Mechanical digestion only occurs in the stomach; chemical digestion only occurs in the mouth.
Backbone
Which of the following unique characteristics is found in many chordates, but not all, at some point in their development? Pharyngeal slits Backbone Dorsal nerve chord Post anal tail
Heterotrophic
Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants? Autotrophic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Heterotrophic
Cerebral cortex
Which part of the brain produces our most distinctly human traits, such as reasoning and imagination? Corpus callosum Medulla oblongata Cerebral cortex Cerebellum
Annelids
Which phylum of worms includes the leeches? None of these Flatworms Roundworms Annelids
Cones
Which receptors in the eye are sensitive to color? Sclera Cones Rods Cornea
Birds
Which reptiles are endothermic? Turtles Birds Snakes Crocodilians
Marsupials
Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches? Monotremes Marsupials Cetaceans Eutherians
Competitive exclusion principle
Which theorem states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist? Complex community network principle Competitive exclusion principle Resource partitioning principle Dominance species principle
B cells
Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? B cells T cells Natural killer cells Phagocytic cells
Brought on by an invasive species
While there are many varieties of banana, only the Cavendish is suitable for mass production and worldwide trade. It is currently being decimated by a soil fungus in Asia. If the banana fungus should reach the Americas before a treatment is discovered, it could spell the end of bananas in North American supermarkets. If that were to happen, how would the extinction of the Cavendish banana be categorized? Brought on by habitat destruction Brought on by an invasive species Brought on by pollution Brought on by overharvesting
Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.
Why can't amphibians survive far from water? Their cartilaginous endoskeleton would dry out on land. Their limbs are too weak to support their weight on land. They do not have any lungs and cannot breathe out of the water. Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.
It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.
Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome? It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes. It is intermediate in size, smaller than the largest biomes but larger than the smallest biomes. It is only a biome during high tide. It will seasonally dry up and cease to be a biome.
Physiology
________ refers to how a body system functions. Anatomy Zoology Physiology Biology