Principle of Biology II Chapter 24 and 26

An action potential is generated when the general senses detect

All of the answer choices are correct

The nervous system controls

All of the answer choices are correct

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is

Alzheimer disease

What causes a muscle cell to contract?

Myosin heads attached to actin bend

What best describes how a neuron fires?

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon

A threshold potential is like a tipping point past which an action potential starts.

TRUE

Athletes who compete in distance/endurance events develop more fast-twitch muscle.

TRUE

Bones play a role in calcium homeostasis.

TRUE

During an action potential, sodium ions enter the cell.

TRUE

If you see a limb move, first in one direction, then in the opposite, you can be sure that there are two opposing muscles responsible.

TRUE

If you wanted to disrupt transmission of nervous signals from the brain to skeletal muscles, you could use a drug to destroy interneurons.

TRUE

If you were examining a biopsy sample of a leg bone, and the structure of the bone was spongy, you would know that the sample came from the end of the bone.

TRUE

The dendrite is the receiving end of a synapse.

TRUE

The high water content of cartilage allows it to cushion blows.

TRUE

The precursor of bone is cartilage.

TRUE

The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

TRUE

______ are used to lift a cup to your mouth, and ______ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.

The biceps; the triceps

What is detected with the general senses?

a tap on the shoulder

The nerve that conducts impulses to the area of the brain that determines sound is the

auditory nerve

If you wanted to study the part of a neuron that carries electrical signals away from the cell body, you would look for what part?

axon

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

axon

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

both production of blood cells and storage of calcium

Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?

pump blood through the heart

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as

scoliosis

The three major components of the human nervous system are

sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the

somatic system

Which is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

sternum

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

endoskeleton

Where are blood cells produced?

in red marrow inside of bones

Working with a patient with eye problems, you discover that the patient cannot focus images. You suspect that there may be a defect in the

lens

A neuron fires when Na+ ions

move down their concentration gradient spontaneously

While in medical school working on a cadaver, you are instructed to find a damaged tendon. You might first look for what two things joined together?

muscle; bone

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running, swimming, and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

muscular and skeletal systems

A thick filament in a muscle cell is composed primarily of the protein

myosin

Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes

All answers are correct

Osteoarthritis is caused when bones in a joint rub against each other directly. What happens in osteoarthritis?

Cartilage is destroyed

The DNA sequences for a portion of the myosin gene are shown for humans and several non-human primates. The fragments start at nucleotide #26 in the gene, and shaded boxes highlight differences between the two sets of sequences. What does the high level of similarity between the myosin gene sequences in human and non-human primates suggest?

Humans and non-human primates had a common ancestor at some time in the past

If asked to point to the place on a model of the brain where subconscious muscular movements are coordinated, you would point to the

cerebellum

You are lying on a sand dune looking over the water, listening to the waves, and enjoying the feel of the sun and wind on your skin. You also smell the salty ocean air and seaweed that has washed ashore. When you smell the salty air and seaweed, what is being activated?

chemoreceptor

If you wanted to stop transmission from one neuron to another, you would want to destroy all

neurotransmitters

In humans, which type of receptor is used primarily to detect light?

photoreceptor