rocks and minerals

PEARLY

-The luster of a pearl or mother of pearl Example Biotite Mica

Magma freezes between

700 C and 1,250 " C

TWO TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS- NON CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Igneous Rocks can also be classified

Felsic Mafic Coarse grained Fine grained

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

Formed beneath the earth's surface

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS-

Formed from broken bits and pieces of other existing rocks that settle out of water or air Ex Conglomerate sandstone

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

Formed on the earth's surface

TYPES OF ROCKS

IGNEOUS ROCKS

TYPES OF ROCKS

IGNEOUS ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS metamorphic rocks

TWO TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

To say that something is a mineral it must have all the following characteristics

It is naturally occurring not man made or machine generated it is inorganic it hss definite arrangement of atoms, that is solid

i LUSTER

It is the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral Can also be described as the general appearance of the surface in reflected light

TYPES OF LUSTER

METALLIC VITREOUS PEARLY SILKY SILKY ADAMANTINE DULL EARTHY

METALLIC

Minerals reflect light like metals Example Galena

geophysical techniques

Modern mining technology uses that involve measuring the magnetic gravity and sonic responses of rocks above around prospective mineral ore body

German geologist mineralogist Friedrich Mohs

Mohs Hardness Scale is designed by

magnetism odor taste reaction to acid fluorescence

Other properties of minerals include

MINERAL GROUPS

Oxides Silicates Sulfates sulfides carbonates native elementd

ADAMANTINE The

The luster of a diamond

SILKY

The luster of silk . It occurs in minerals with fibrous structure Example Satin Spar

DULL / EARTHY

The mineral does not reflect light and has the same appearance as soil Example Limonite

VITREOUS

The mineral reflects light like glass Sometimes glassy luster is used instead of vitreous Example Fluorite

SALT

Used as a preservative and additive

SILVER

Used as conductor making silverwares coins and jewelry

GRAPHITE

Used as pencil Lead

GOLD-

Used for coins jewelry and coating other ornamental objects

APATITE

Used for fertilizer

MICA-

Used for insulation in electrical equipment wallpaper and fireproof materials

ALUMINUM

Used for roofing and in making

COPPER

Used in electrical wirings

DIAMOND

Used in industry and in making jewelry

IRON

Used in industry and infrastructure projects

QUARTZ-

Used in making optical instruments radio and electronic equipment because of its electrical properties and in porcelain paints when in powdered form

CALCITE

Used in manufacturing cement and mortar and for writing on the board

SULFUR-

Used in manufacturing sulfuric acid explosives dyes insecticide and soap

TITANIUM

Used in paint pigments and bulletproof since it was light but very strong

TALC

Used make powder for cosmetic products

BORAX

Used manufacturing soap enamels glass washing powder and welding

FELDSPAR

Used to make porcelain enamel and as a building stone

Magma can form

When rock is heated When pressure is released When rock changes composition

MINERALS

are chemical elements or compound that have been formed through inorganic processes

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

are formed by the compaction and cementing together of sediments materials that settle out air and water , broken pieces of rock like gravel sand silt clay

IGNEOUS ROCKS

are rocks that form from the cooling of hot molten masses called magma

Fine grained

cools quickly with little to no crystals

Mafic

dark colored rocks

Calcite

fizzes with acid as with dolomite but in powdered form

Sulfur

has distinctive smell

Fluorite

has the ability to disperse ultraviolet rays to visible light

fracture

is irregular or without any definite pattern or direction

Halite

is salty

Magnetite

is strongly magnetic

HARDNESS

is the measure of the resistance of a mineral to abrasion Mohs scale is used to determine the hardness of a mineral

STREAK

is the mineral's color in powdered form obtained by rubbing a mineral on a white unglazed tile or porcelain plate

Cleavage

is the property of some minerals to break along specific planes of weakness to form smooth flat surfaces

Strata

layers of rock

Felsic

light colored rocks

what are the properties of minerals

luster hardeness color streak cleavage and fracture specific gravity and others

Silicates

minerals containing 2 of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust namely silicon and oxygen

Oxides

minerals containing Oxygen anion 02 combined with one or more metal ions

Sulfates

minerals containing Sulfur and Oxygen anion SO4 combined with other inns

Sulfides

minerals containing sulfur anion S2 combined with one or more ions Some sulfides are sources of economically important metals such as copper lead and zinc

Carbonates

minerals containing the carbonate anion CO3 combined with other elements

Native Elements

minerals that form as individual elements

ore

natural rock or sediment containing one or more valuable minerals The

Mining

process of mineral extraction from a rock seam or ore

ROCKS

rocks are naturally formed non living mass of organic and inorganic earth material consisting of one or more minerals that are held together in a firm solid mass

Coarse grained

takes longer to cool giving mineral crystals more time to grow

Stratification

the process which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

the weight of the mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water Native metals are the heaviest ones

Mohs scale

used to determine the hardness of a mineral