Principles of Computing Chapter 2
Every HTML5 document uses the following:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <meta> <title> <body>
Language
A set of rules describing how to write HTML. A valid HTML document must follow the HTML language rules.
b, i, u
Bold, italic, underline <p> Humans seem <u>designed</u> to see puppies as cute. </p>
To copy the functionality of another web page found on the Internet, just copy the HTML from the view source page.
False Although copying and pasting may create an identical page structure, the web page may not function identically because the copied page may be missing the images, CSS, and JavaScript necessary for the page to function properly. Also, copying a web page's contents likely violates copyright law.
h1, h2, h3
Headers. h1 is largest. <h2> Puppies are cute </h2>
<p>Sentence one.<strong> Sentence two.</p>
Invalid <strong> does not have a closing tag.
<p>We changed the <strong><em>font</strong></em> in this paragraph.</p>
Invalid A tag opened inside another must be closed before the outside tag is closed: <strong><em>font</em></strong>
<h1>This is a chapter heading
Invalid The chapter heading is missing the closing </h1> tag.
Is this a valid HTML link? <a "http://cnn.com"> CNN </a>
Not valid Correct Missing this part: href=
p
Paragraph <p> Humans seem designed to see puppies as cute. </p>
Markup
Part of a document that explains how to interpret or structure other parts of the document. Markup are instructions to a browser about the rest of the document.
Hypertext
Text that contains connections to other documents. The connections to other documents are called hyperlinks.
To see how a web page is constructed, a user can view the page source in the browser.
True View source will show the document loaded by the browser.
Is this a valid HTML link? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu7XCEMdSHg"> News </a>
Valid The items after www.youtube.com are used by YouTube to find a specific video file
<p>This is a very short paragraph.</p>
Valid The paragraph has an opening <p> tag, the paragraph body, and the closing </p> tag.
Is this a valid HTML link? <a href="http://cnn.com"> News </a>
Valid The text that will appear, News, is often different than the URL being linked to.
<P>A short paragraph.</P>
Valid While uppercase tags are valid, good practice uses lowercase: <p> </p>.
<!DOCTYPE html>
declaration instructs the web browser about what type of document follows
tags
indicate formatting, links, or other items. markup instruction identified by <, tag name and a >
Closing tag
indicates the ending point in the document where the tag stops having an effect. Ex: <strong>Hello</strong> causes Hello to appear in a strong weighted font; <strong> is the opening tag, </strong> is the closing tag, and everything from the opening tag to the closing tag is the element.
Opening tag
indicates the starting point in the document where the tag takes effect. Ex: <strong>Hello</strong> causes Hello to appear in a strong weighted font; <strong> is the opening tag, </strong> is the closing tag, and everything from the opening tag to the closing tag is the element. While tag names can be uppercase or lowercase, good practice is to use lowercase letters for the tag names, as in <strong>Hello</strong> rather than <Strong>Hello</Strong>
element
is a single HTML structure. Elements are represented with HTML tags. Ex: <strong>Hello</strong> causes Hello to appear in a strong weighted font; <strong> is the opening tag, </strong> is the closing tag, and everything from the opening tag to the closing tag is the element.
HTML (hyper-text markup language)
is a textual language for creating web pages. HTML files are usually saved with a .html or .htm file extension, as in index.html. An HTML file contains normal text surrounded by tags that indicate formatting, links, or other items. An HTML file typically starts with an indication of the document type, then a header portion with the page title and other page information, and finally a body portion with the actual page content. HTML defines over 130 elements.
A tag attribute
is a value that provides additional information about a particular tag and is included after the tag name but before the > in the tag. Each attribute has a name and a value, specified using the form name="value". Ex: <meta charset="UTF-8"> has an attribute named charset with value "UTF-8".
HTML5
is the fifth major revision of the HTML standard and is recommended for use by the W3C. HTML5 contains many new and useful features, so most new web page development uses HTML5.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
is the official organization that defines web standards, including HTML and CSS.
<body>
opening and closing tags enclose all elements and content to be rendered in the browser.
<html>
opening and closing tags enclose everything but the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration .
<title>
opening and closing tags enclose the name of the document. The title is usually displayed in the titlebar of the browser, is used by search engines, and is used for bookmarking.
<meta>
tag specifies metadata, which is data that describes the document's data. <meta charset="UTF-8"> is a required meta tag describing how characters are represented in the HTML document. Additional <meta> tags may be used to indicate when the document was saved, who the author is, what language the page is written in, etc. data that describes the doc's data