Principles Of Fire Behavior And Combustion MidTerm

At normal atmospheric pressure (1atm, 101kPa) and temperature 68f (20c), gas molecules themselves take up only about_______of the volume they occupy.

0.04%

Any reaction occurring in the open takes place at approximately__________of pressure.

1 atm

Hydrogen has an approximate gram atomic mass of:

1 gram

Steel loses about half of its ability to support mass when heated to temperatures near:

1100 F

There are___________known chemical elements.

118

The general formula for estimating the amount of heat generated by an unwanted fire is:

13.1 KJ per gram of oxygen consumed

Nitrogen has an approximate gram atomic mass of:

14 grams

Due to radiation and absorption, what is the maximum flame temperature in a fire?

1500-1600k

Oxygen has an approximate gram atomic mass of:

16 grams

A Reynolds number greater than________is said to be turbulent flow.

2000

Air contains_______percent oxygen by volume.

21%

Most combustibles, when burned with just the stoichiometric amount of air, under conditions where no heat is lost, will produce flames at what temperature range?

2100-2300k

A Reynolds number greater than__________is said to be a turbulent flow.

3200

What is the English equivalent of a kilometer?

3280 feet

Which of the following terms is used to describe the rate of change in speed?

Acceleration

The highest possible temperature for a combustible mixture is called the:

Adiabatic flame temperature

Fire spread rate over a horizontal surface depends on whether:

Air currents are moving toward or away from the combustion zone

Saturated compounds are also called:

Alkanes

Fire spread in solids can occur by:

All of these responses are correct.

A free electron can attach itself to an atom, creating a negative ion called a(n):

Anion

In which is heat transferred between bodies?

Both conduction and radiation

Hot air rising is an example of:

Buoyancy

What are the two temperature scales used in the SI system of measurement?

Celsius and Kelvin

What is the term for the final state when molecules rearrange themselves into a stable combination at a prevailing temperature and pressure?

Chemical equilibrium

Which of the following gases is visible and has an odor?

Chlorine

As a rule, gases are:

Colorless

Which of the following is not one of the five portrayal types of molecules?

Computerized Assessment

Which of the following measures will cause a turbulent flow to become laminar?

Decreases the roughness of the inner wall of the pipe.

Isomers are:

Different arrangements of the same atom

Chemical reactions that absorb heat are know as:

Endothermic Reactions

When gasification occurs without chemical decompostion, it is called:

Evaporation

Reactions that release heat are referred to as:

Exothermic reactions

True of False? In non-nuclear reactions, atoms are sometimes destroyed or created.

False

True of False? The family of hydrocarbons consists of water and carbon.

False

True or False? Temperature is an example of an extensive property since its changes proportionally as the mass of the object.

False

True or False? The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is released in the form of heat.

False

True or False? The term specific gravity refers to the ratio of the density of a substance to that of the ambient air pressure.

False

The radiant emission from the flames and the hot upper layer of a room determines the time of:

Flashover

Fragments of molecules that are highly reactive and are important participants in combustion are called:

Free radicals

Viscosity describes a fluid's:

Frictional resistance

The transition between the solid state and the liquid state of a pure substance is characterized by the heat of:

Fusion

What factor causes the increase in pressure at the bottom of a column of water?

Gravity

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are all what type of elements that are important to fire suppression?

Halogens

When a coolant absorbs heat and reduces the temperature of the combusting system, the coolant serves as a:

Heat Sink

Which of the following terms encompasses all the heat input required to take a test item, such as a chair, from an intact entity at room temperature to a fully vaporized state?

Heat of gastification

The only length abbreviation followed by a period is:

Inches

Which of the following measures will cause a laminar flow to become turbulent?

Increase the diameter of the pipe.

A property of a substance that does not depend on the expanse of the object is called a(n):

Intensive property

Which of the following temperature scales does not have negative temperatures?

Kelvin

What is the basic SI unit of mass?

Kilogram

_____________is associated with motion

Kinetic Energy

The heat capacity of a liquid water is_______than the heat capacity of water vapor.

Larger

Hydrogen's containing five or more carbon atoms are in what type of form at room temperature.

Liquid

________is the ratio of the mass of a component in a mixture to the total mass of the mixture.

Mass Fraction

What is the basic SI unit of length?

Meter

What is formed when atoms of the same element type bind together in a stable form?

Molecule

Kinetic energy is associated with:

Motion

What is the basic SI unit of force?

Newton

The kilogram was selected as the basic SI unit of mass because it is approximately the mass of:

One liter of water

Which portrayal type is a two-dimensional rendition of a molecule showing the alignment of atoms and the location of multiple bonds?

Planar Structure

The nucleus of an atom has a(n)________electric charge.

Positive

The proton has a(n)________electric charge.

Positive

A dimensionless number that represents the ratio of a fluid's viscosity to its thermal conductivity is called a:

Prandtl number

Flame radiation strongly influences the:

Rate of burning

Laminar or turbulent flows are characterized by the dimensionless:

Reynolds number

The alkane group of organic compounds contains only:

Single Carbon-carbon bonds

Ions can exist in the gas phase, liquids solutions or:

Solid Crystals

Extinguishment can be accomplished by cooling either the gaseous combustion zone or the:

Solid or Liquid combustible

A(n)_______is a mixture of fuel and oxygen for which the masses of these two components are exactly those needed for complete combustion, with no residue.

Stoichiometric mixture

To convert from K to C

Subtract 273.15

What is the current international measurement system?

The metric system.

Newton's second law states that any two uncharged masses are attracted to each other by a force acting along:

The straight line connecting the two masses.

Pyrolysis is:

The thermal decomposition of solids

Volume is determined by what type of measurement.

Three-dimensional (Length x Width X Height)

Units for______are the same in the SI system and the English System.

Time

True of False? Table salt and sugar are examples of molecule solids.

True

True of False? The meter is currently defined as the length of the path traveled by light in 1/299,793,458 of 1 second.

True

True or False? A depletion of oxygen in the air by the combustion process is called vitiation.

True

True or False? During the course of a fire a ventilation-limited condition can change quickly to a more nearly ventilated condition.

True

True or False? Every liquid has a vapor pressure, which increases with increasing temperature.

True

True or False? In a monatomic gas, the heat content is simply the sum of the kinetic energies of the individual atoms.

True

True or False? Newton has three laws of motion?

True

True or False? Radiation has a spectrum of wavelengths or frequencies, ranging from X-rays to radio waves.

True

True or False? Some atoms such as nitrogen and phosphorus have multiple valence states.

True

True or False? The fire tetrahedron consists of fuel, oxidant, heat and chemical chain reaction.

True

True or False? The vaporization, decomposition, and pyrolysis almost always absorb heat.

True

True or False? Water is an example of an compressible fluid?

True

True or False? When a quantity is measured there is a limit to the precision of the value that is obtained.

True

In fire plumes where the heated region is a wide as 0.5 m, the upward flow will be:

Turbulent

Which of the following types of fluid flow is characterized by a fluctuating flow?

Turbulent

Which factors determine whether a fluid flow is laminar or turbulent?

Velocity and Viscosity

The spread rate on a_______ solid surface is much faster in the upward direction than in the_______direction

Vertical; horizontal

What is the principle factor when determining whether a liquid will flow in either a laminar or turbulent fashion?

Viscosity

_________is the property of the fluid that offers frictional resistance.

Viscosity

The two most commonly used fluids in manometers were______and______>

Water; Mercury

A fire that is surrounded by fresh air and can entrain all the oxygen is needs is said to be:

Well ventilated

A metal that consists of two or more elements is known as a(n):

alloy

The units used to express heat of combustion are:

kJ/g

At any given time, an object has momentum equal to:

mv

The pressure of compressed gases in their storage cylinders is commonly monitored in:

psig