Principles of Management Chapter 2 Mindtap

d. Gantt chart

A _____ is a graphical chart that shows which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task. a. pie chart b. Pareto chart c. flowchart d. Gantt chart

a. be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization

A systems view of organizations forces managers to: a. be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization. b. believe that good internal management of the organization is enough to ensure survival. c. view one part of an organization as separate from the other parts. d. use an autocratic style of management.

a. a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people

According to Chester Barnard, an organization is: a. a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces created by two or more people. b. a system of interrelated activities performed by a person in order to achieve a goal. c. a zone in which control is exercised on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience. d. a zone in which acceptance of managerial authority is automatic.

a. the workers' perception of executive authority.

According to Chester Barnard, the extent to which workers willingly cooperate in an organization depends on: a. the workers' perception of executive authority. b. the position of workers in the organizational hierarchy. c. the purpose of the organization. d. the financial incentives provided by the organization.

a. integrated

According to Mary Parker Follett, when two desires are _____, it means that a solution has been found in which both desires have found a place and neither side has to sacrifice anything. a. integrated b. dominated c. compromised d. repressed

b. managers

According to Max Weber, in bureaucratic organizations, _____ should decide who gets promoted. a. independent directors b. managers c. organizational owners d. shareholders

d. Rules and procedures apply to all members of an organization.

According to Max Weber, which of the following characterizes one of the elements of bureaucratic organizations? a. The owners of an organization supervise the organization. b. Organizational owners decide who gets promoted. c. Employees are hired based on their influential connections. d. Rules and procedures apply to all members of an organization.

c. financial incentives aren't necessarily the most important motivator for workers

According to the Hawthorne Studies, _____. a. workers' feelings and attitude do not affect the quality of their work b. work performance is affected by group dynamics c. financial incentives aren't necessarily the most important motivator for workers d. the workplace is much simpler than previously thought

d. compromise

Danielle is a manager at a restaurant. The employees bring to her notice that they are dissatisfied with their jobs; they feel they are not paid enough for the number of hours they work. They demand a 20 percent increase in their salaries and a two-hour reduction in their working hours. After several rounds of negotiations, both Danielle and her employees agree on a 15 percent salary hike and a reduction of one hour in their working hours. The concept of _____ is illustrated in this scenario. a. domination b. repression c. despotism d. compromise

b. motion studies

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are best known for their use of _____ to simplify work. a. observational studies b. motion studies c. feasibility studies d. time studies

c. domination.

Green Tractor Inc. faced a major conflict. The employees asked for a 10 percent raise in salary and a more flexible schedule. However, the management declared that it needed to freeze salaries and lay off 100 employees. After months of tense negotiations, the management declined the employees' requests, and as per its plan, it froze salaries and fired 100 employees. This approach to dealing with conflict is known as: a. mediation. b. integration. c. domination. d. collaboration.

d. equity

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ refers to kind, fair, and just treatment for all. a. centralization b. order c. initiative d. equity

b. esprit de corps

In the context of Henri Fayol's principles of management, the term _____ refers to developing a strong sense of morale and unity among workers that encourages coordination of efforts. a. status quo b. esprit de corps c. de jure d. quid pro quo

d. Motion study

In the context of scientific management, which of the following studies involved the breaking of each task or job into separate movements and the elimination of those that were unnecessary or repetitive to simplify work? a. Feasibility study b. Time study c. Prevalence study d. Motion study

a. closed systems

In the context of systems management, _____ can function without interacting with their environments. a. closed systems b. deductive systems c. open systems d. complex systems

d. open systems

In the context of systems management, _____ can sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments on which they depend for their survival. a. chaotic systems b. isolated systems c. closed systems d. open systems

c. subsystems

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience foods, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for all the other regions). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____. a. non-functional systems b. closed systems c. subsystems d. suprasystems

a. the theories of constructive conflict and coordination.

Mary Parker Follet proposed: a. the theories of constructive conflict and coordination. b. the idea of bureaucracy. c. the theories of cooperation and acceptance of authority. d. the theory of scientific management.

a. contingency approach

The _____ to management holds that there are no universal management theories. a. contingency approach b. classical approach c. behavioral approach d. quantitative approach

d. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

The aim of bureaucracy is to: a. rule by virtue of favoritism or personal or family connections. b. protect the authority of an organization. c. hire people based on their loyalty to an organization. d. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

b. paper and the printing press.

The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were: a. computer and the Internet. b. paper and the printing press. c. clay token and clay tablet. d. typewriter and fax machine

c. have both conflicting parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

The point of integrative conflict resolution is to: a. help the parties in a dispute reach a compromise through negotiations, where each side gives up some of what it wants. b. teach employees that authority flows from position rather than from experience. c. have both conflicting parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both. d. understand that conflicts cannot be resolved without sacrifice

b. Clear division of tasks, responsibilities, and authority

Which of the following is a characteristic of a bureaucracy as described by Max Weber? a. Prevalence of unwritten administrative decisions, acts, rules, and procedures b. Clear division of tasks, responsibilities, and authority c. Absence of a chain of command d. Hiring and promotion of employees based on influential connections

d. It shows time in various units on the x-axis and tasks on the y-axis.

Which of the following is true of a Gantt chart? a. It is a circular chart divided into parts to illustrate numerical proportion. b. It represents a process and shows its steps as boxes and their order by connecting them with arrows. c. It shows how long it takes for a good worker to complete each part of his or her job and allows for rest periods. d. It shows time in various units on the x-axis and tasks on the y-axis.

b. It suggests that managers need to spend more time analyzing problems, situations, and employees before taking action to fix them.

Which of the following is true of the contingency approach to management? a. It is derived from theoretical models in biology and social psychology developed in the 1950s and 1960s. b. It suggests that managers need to spend more time analyzing problems, situations, and employees before taking action to fix them. c. It suggests that managers need to simplify the management functions by sticking to clear and obvious principles. d. It provides a few universal management principles that can be applied to all the circumstances in an organization.

a. Nebuchadnezzar

Who among the following was the first individual to follow the management practice of wage incentives and production control? a. Nebuchadnezzar b. Diocletian c. Barbarigo d. Machiavelli

d. Mary Parker Follet

_____ believed that coordination and control should be based on facts and information. a. Frank Gilbreth b. Henri Fayol c. Henry Gantt d. Mary Parker Follet

c. Xenophon

_____ contributed to the history of management thought and practice by using the four functions of management—planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. a. Cato b. Diocletian c. Xenophon d. Sun Tzu

c. Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies

_____ demonstrated that human factors related to work were more important than the physical conditions or design of the work. a. The theories of cooperation and acceptance of authority b. The theories of constructive conflict and coordination c. Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies d. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's motion studies

c. Max Weber

_____ first proposed the idea of bureaucratic organizations. a. Henry Gantt b. Frederick W. Taylor c. Max Weber d. Karl Marx

c. Johannes Gutenberg

_____ invented the printing press in the 14th century. a. James Watt b. Alexander Graham Bell c. Johannes Gutenberg d. Albert Einstein

b. Operations management

_____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services. a. Systems management b. Operations management c. Information management d. Contingency management

c. A system

_____ is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole. a. Equity b. Inventory c. A system d. An invention

b. Compromise

_____ is an approach to dealing with conflict in which both parties give up some of what they want in order to reach agreement on a plan to reduce or settle the conflict. a. Brainstorming b. Compromise c. Domination d. Integration

b. Chester Barnard

_____ is best known for his ideas about cooperation and the acceptance of authority. a. Henri Fayol b. Chester Barnard c. Elton Mayo d. Frank Gilbreth

c. Synergy

_____ occurs when two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart. a. Dominance b. Variance c. Synergy d. Anarchy

a. Operations management

_____ uses a quantitative or mathematical approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories. a. Operations management b. Information management c. Systems management d. Contingency management

d. Xenophon

_____ was the first individual to recognize management as a separate art. a. Machiavelli b. Sir Thomas More c. Ghazali d. Xenophon

b. Venetians

_____ were the first to introduce numbering, standardization, and interchangeability of parts in the management system. a. Egyptians b. Venetians c. Sumerians d. Persians

a. Sumerians

_____ were the first to keep written records as part of their management practice. a. Sumerians b. Venetians c. Egyptians d. Persians