Principles of Nutrition- Chapter 11

When trying to reduce the risk of heart disease, the most important risk factor to modify first is:

high LDL cholesterol because of its role in plaque formation.

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

high blood HDL

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is:

high in saturated fats and high in trans fats (a & b)

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with:

high vegetable intake and high whole grain intake (a & b)

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

120 over 80

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day.

2300

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

45

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent

7

Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an add for a product on the Internet. What information would you give him?

check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs he is taking

To minimize risks of CVD you would:

choose more fruits and whole grains and consume 1 or 2 servings of fatty fish each week (a & c)

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension?

age and genes (a & c)

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

development at a later age than in men

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer?

folate

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include:

rutabaga and bok choy (a & b)

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat.

saturated

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease or a chronic disease is:

some infectious diseases can be cured with medications but chronic diseases cannot.

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low.

unsaturated

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

1

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing:

CVD

The technique that allows identification of inherited disease tendencies by comparing patterns of gene expression is known as:

DNA microarray technology

CVD is a man's disease.

False

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

Jack, a 40-year-old African American male whose parents had hypertension

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

LDL 160 mg/dL or higher

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

True

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

True

Metabolic syndrome with its cluster of factors raises the risk of CVD.

True

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

True

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except:

a low-carbohydrate diet

Which of the following is an example of the effect of certain nutrients or foods on gene expression and disease development?

a phytochemical found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts has been shown to reverse uncontrolled cancer cell division in laboratory studies and supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 during pregnancy has been shown to turn off the "yellow and fat" gene in pups born to laboratory mice (a & b)

The U.S. "Fruit and Veggies: More Matters" program encourages people to:

consume enough fruits and consume enough vegetables (b & c)

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which of the following would you do?

consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber and substitute fish for red meat twice a week (a & b)

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would:

consume less than or equal to 200 mg cholesterol per day and consume less than 7% of calories as saturated fat (a & b)

To help control blood cholesterol you would:

consume oats, barley, and legumes and limit foods with trans fatty acids (a & b)

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:

controlling energy intake and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (a & c)

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

diastolic blood pressure of 80.

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to:

eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day

Major actions in the arteries that lead to heart attack and stroke include:

formation of plaques leading to inflammation from a diet high in saturated fat and response to arterial damage by formation of blood clots that can break loose (a & b)

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do?

go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

Which is the best meal to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?

grilled salmon, wild rice, steamed broccoli, whole-wheat roll

To reduce your risks of developing cancer you would:

have a high fruit and vegetable intake and consume whole grains and other fiber-rich foods

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

high HDL

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to:

lose weight and increase physical activity (a & c)

Which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations?

magnesium and potassium (a & b)

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in:

potassium

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 5' 6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to:

reduce his weight

The epigenome on the DNA strand has the responsibility of:

regulating the expression of genes by turning them on or off

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include:

the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue and antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced (a & b)

A college student who is on a high-protein diet for weight loss that restricts fruits and vegetables has just gotten a viral infection in her intestines that has made her ill. What might have made her more susceptible than her roommate who is eating regular meals in the cafeteria?

vitamin C deficiency from no fruits and vegetables has affected white blood cell protection

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change?

weight

Which of the following is a major action involving blood pressure levels in the arteries?

when the pressure is at the right level, cells receive nutrients and oxygen and release their wastes